able veins or beds of iron ore. Lenticular, argillaceous oxide of iron is found, also, in the town of Vernon; arsenical iron in the town of Warwick; granulated oxide of iron at West Point; lenticular argillaceous oxide of iron occurs in the town of Williamson and at Carthage, Jefferson county. In Hamilton, Montgomery, St. Lawrence and Lewis counties, ores of iron, in great abundance and purity, exist in the vicinity of dense forests capable of furnishing fuel of the best kind, with water powers of vast magnitude sufficient to propel the machinery necessary for its reduction. As the coal fields of England, Scotland, and Wales, are giving out, may we not hope soon to hear the forests of Northern New-York, resound with the note of preparation to make the hidden treasures of the earth subservient to man, and thus for ever shut out the pauper product of the Old World? For whilst the English landed proprietors refuse to use our sugar and our cotton because it is the product of slave labor, we consent to use their iron, produced by a system of slavery that would make the iron itself sweat drops of blood were it possible.

Lead ores are found in the following localities ;-Cambridge, Canaan, Canajoharie, Carlisle, Catskill, Claverack, Florida and Greenbush. In Lewis county near the village of Martinsburg there is an extensive lead and zinc mine of great value, and which cannot fail to be renumerative to parties working the same. It is on the estate of a Mr. Arthur. Lead is found also at Rhinebeck, Salisbury, and Shawangunk Mountains. At the latter, the mine has been worked both for lead and zinc at intervals, but it is evident the vein is copper; and it will eventually be worked successfully. At the Sing Sing silver mine, the vein is highly argentiferous, accompanied with masses and sheets of metallic silver. It was extensively worked by Sampson Simpson, Henry Remsen, Colonel James and others, from the year 1764 to 1776, when the smithy houses were removed by the Continental army to West Point. Valuable specimens of the metallic silver have been preserved by the heirs of Mr. Simpson. Lead also occurs in the towns of Vernon, Wawarsing, Westmoreland, White Creek, and in several other localities. So far as I am acquainted but six of the mines are now worked, one at Wawarsing, the Ulster lead and the Ancram mine, and one in Dutchess county near the residence of Judge Boker, but with what success the writer is unadvised; also in the northern part of St. Lawrence county they are working "the Great Northern," formerly “the Rossie" lead mines, and the St. Lawrence Mining Company's mine, and I believe both companies are producing lead. Copper also occurs in several places in the State of New-York, of which the following are the most prominent; at Shawangunk Mountains, the yellow sulphuret; at Ancram, yellow sulphuret, and black oxide,

and green carbonate of copper; at Canajoharie, green carbonate of copper; and at Catskill Mountains, green carbonate or malachite of copper. Antimonial gray copper occurs near Keeseville in Clinton county; at Florida there is green carbonate of copper; also at Fort Lee, also at Salisbury, in Saratoga county. Green carbonate and yellow sulphuret of copper are found at Staten Island; detached pieces of copper ore are frequently met with near Fort Tompkins. Sulphuret of copper exists near Ticonderoga; copper is also met with in several places in Wawarsing and Mamakating valleys. At this time I am not advised of more than one copper mine worked in the State of New-York, and that is at Crown Point. It is worked by Messrs. Hammond & Co., but what results have been realized the writer is not informed.

Zinc ore occurs in several localities of which the following are the most prominent: Dutchess county; Columbia county; Ancram; Wawarsing; Shawangunk Mountains; Martinsburg, Lewis county; Verona and Westmoreland, Oneida county; Canajoharie, Carlisle, Clinton near the College, Duphney, Florida, Highlands, Niagara Falls, and Rome. The above locations produce sulphate of zinc, and chromate and carbonate. Eventually they will be worked when the price of labor is reduced or the demand for lead increased.

Sulphate of barytes is found at nearly all the localities of lead and zinc; also in the bed of the Genesee River near Rochester, and at Pillow Point in Jefferson county, near Sackett's Harbour; also in the town of Smithville.

Manganese.-Occurs on Manhattan Island, Staten Island, at Ancram, and several other places in the State. Perhaps the most important locality is near Martinsburg, Lewis county.

Phosphate of Lime.-Many localities of this powerful fertilizer are known to exist in this State; the most important of these are at Crown Point, and Moriah, Essex county. They have been extensively worked. This mineral occurs in twentysix different places. One of which is in Washington county; one at Anthony's Nose, and one at Lake George, and in most of the magnetic iron mines in the State; also at the Highlands, also on Manhattan Island. Phosphate of iron occurs also at West Point.

Gypsum.-This valuable mineral exists in many parts of the State. The following are amongst the most valuable localities: Near Cayuga Lake, Cherry Valley, Chittenango, Galway, Lewistown, Oneida Creek, on the shore of Lake Ontario, and below the falls on the Genessee River, at Rochester. In the absence of the phosphate of lime, gypsum seems to abound; and in that part of the State where neither have been discovered, marl of a fine quality seems to have been abundantly supplied to fertilize

There are

and aid the agriculturist in producing his crops. many lime formations suitable for agricultural purposes.

Coal. This mineral has been found in many localities in this State, but not in workable quantities; and I believe it is now pretty generally conceded that the chances are very much against finding it in quantities. The following localities are the most promising Sullivan county, Dutchess county near Poughkeepsie, Ancram, Bethlehem, Buffalo, Canajoharie, Clinton and Florida. Bituminous coal occurs near Genesee, Little Falls, Salisbury.

Precious Stones.-The following list comprises the precious stones of this State: jasper, agates, garnets, emerald.

Marbles.-Black marble occurs at Crown Point, also at Glenn's Falls; white marble at South Dover, and white calcareous spar at Pleasantville; all of which is a strong and durable building stone. Marble is also found at several places in Westchester county; also verd antique in Putnam county.

Mineral and Salt Springs.-These exist at Saratoga, Ballston, New Lebanon, Cherry Valley, and in Westchester county; Salina, Syracuse, Montezuma, Lenox, and in the town of Ellisburgh, Jefferson county, on the farm of Ezra Stearns, Esq. The waters are impregnated with salt, and present evidences of having been used before that section of the country was inhabited with the present race of people.

I hope to be able to continue the mineral resources of the State of New-York in your next number; but, before I take leave for the present month, allow me to make some remarks designed for the profession of which I claim to be an humble member. I have witnessed with regret a disposition on the part of many individuals to pluck prematurely the honors due to older members of a profession, which cannot be acquired in a day. Since the present renewed interest in mining has taken possession of the minds of the public, the clergyman has left his pulpit, the lawyer his briefs, the druggist his pills, and the shoemaker his wax, and before its odor has been exhaled by his contact with the disinfecting principles of the fresh air, he offers himself as a competent person to examine and report on mines, and take the direction and management of them. Thus the capital invested is often lost, and an unfavorable influence prematurely fixed in the minds of those who have lost their money.

In no pursuit is intelligence, judgment, and experience so requisite; and if duly exercised by those who have these qualities, the development of the mineral resources of the country will advance under the most favorable auspices.

(To be continued.)

ART. III.-MINERAL TRACT OF THE EAST TENNESSEE AND CHEROKEE COPPER MINING COMPANY.

Report of J. D. WHITNEY, U. S. Geologist.

GENTLEMEN :-In reporting to you, as you request, upon the probable value of the Cherokee and Beaver Mining Property, in Polk county, Tennessee, I shall be obliged to give some account of the adjacent locations, on which more or less work has been done towards developing the character of the deposits of ore which occur in that region. Without doing this, it would be difficult to form an opinion, or give a clear idea of your property, on which, as yet, mining has hardly been commenced.

The copper region of Tennessee lies in Polk county, in the township occupying the extreme southeastern corner of the State, and known as Ducktown. This region is accessible, at present, for wheeled vehicles, only by way of Dalton, Ga., the point where the "East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad" unites with the "Western and Atlantic." This is about seventy miles distant from the mines, and the road is hardly passable during the wet season. To bring the mines nearer a market, a road is now constructing from Cleveland, Tenn., a station of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, twenty-seven miles from Dalton, by which the amount of teaming will be reduced to about thirty-five miles. This road passes down the valley of the Ocoee, a rapid stream, hemmed in for several miles of its course by mountains of from a thousand to fifteen hundred feet in height. Not having the necessary instruments, I did not measure the height of the mines above the level of Cleveland, but the annexed section may be useful as giving an approximate idea of the route of the road, and the character of the rocks over which it passes.

On leaving Cleveland, we proceed east over a hard quartzrock for about six miles, when we strike a bed of fossiliferous limestone, a few hundred feet wide; thence over argillaceous shales to the Ocoee River, where we again find limestone; this is distant about twelve miles from Cleveland. Here the road crosses the river, and it will be necessary to erect a bridge some four hundred feet long. The quartz-rock furnishes an admirable road-bed, and a very little care will keep it in excellent order. From the crossing of the river, we follow up its valley a distance of about twenty miles over the out-cropping edges of quartzose rocks, argillaceous shales and slates, and mica slates, all dipping to the east at a high angle, as shown on the section. Three or four miles of the most difficult portion of the route remain uncompleted, but it is believed that the whole road will be open for

CLEVELAND.

Quartz Rock.

use in September or October. It is not improbable that a railroad, connecting East Tennessee with South Carolina, may be built through the valley of the Ocoee, which would bring this region within a short distance of a market. At present the cost of transporting the ore to Dalton, by teams, is $15 per ton; thence to Savannah, by railroad, $9 50, making $24 50 per ton, to which the expense of shipping, &c., in Savannah, and freight to New-York, must be added. It is estimated that it will cost from $3 to $4 per ton to haul the ore to Cleveland after the new road is finished.

The whole of the region about the copper mines is heavily timbered with a variety of forest trees, but chiefly whiteoak and other hard wood, such as is suitable for use in and about a mine, and for fuel. Wood may be furnished in unlimited quantity, at a low price, in case it should be thought best to erect smelting works. Water is abundant, small streams or branches flowing through the valleys, and furnishing good water-power in numerous localities. The Ocoee River is capable of supplying power to any amount, as it is from three hundred to four hundred feet wide, and has a rapid fall. The surface of the township in which the copper mines are situated is crossed by numerous ridges, which run with considerable regularity N. 20° E., S. 20o W., and have a height above the valleys of from one hundred to one hundred and

Limestone.

Argillaceous Shules.

Compact Limestone.
OCOEE RIVER.

Quartz Rock.

Sandstone and Conglomerate.

Contorted Slates, with Quartz Veins.

Roofing Slates,

Sandstones.

Contorted Slates.

Mica Slate.

COPPER MINES,

1,000 Feet.