library was not quite extinguished till the next day, and the gallery of Natural History suffered almost irreparably. The spire and roof of the church of the Augustins broke down, but the fine monument of Canova was, it is said, not much injured.

When the imperial troops had thus gained possession of the head of the city, the arch-rebels, Poles, students, and others, took refuge in the university and the Saltzgrier barracks, which they fortified, taking in also cannon to defend themselves with. They demanded a full and unconditional amnesty to induce them to lay down their arms. On the morning of the 1st of November Prince Windischgratz ordered the gates of the city to be closed against every body, and the Saltzgrier barracks were assaulted and carried, but the students made no defence at the university, most of them having made their escape, and are supposed to have joined the Hungarians, but a great number were made prisoners, and by noon the whole of the Aula was in possession of the Imperial troops.

Prince Felix Schwartzenberg repaired at the same time to the building where the Diet held its sittings, and occupied all the entrances with soldiers. The houses in the city were also being strictly searched, and an immense number of arrests took place.

On the 2nd of November Prince Windischgratz issued a proclamation to the effect, that although the city had announced its surrender on the 30th of October, the conditions of that capitulation having been broken by the most disgraceful treason, he decreed that the city of Vienna, its suburbs, and environs, to the distance of two miles, were in a state of siege. The academical legion and National Guard were to be dissolved. A general disarmament, to be executed by the Municipal Council, within forty-eight hours after the proclamation, after which any one found in possession of weapons of any kind whatsoever, would be arrested and tried by court-martial. All newspapers and clubs were suspended. It was forbidden for more than ten persons to assemble in the streets.

The Diet was prorogued and declared to be an illegal assembly. A new ministry was named, of which Baron Wessemberg was the president, Prince Felix Schwartzenberg Minister for Foreign Affairs; Bach, of the Interior; Buchner, War; Helfert, Public Instruction; Bruck, Commerce. All foreigners and Austrians who were not citizens were expelled the capital, and General Baron Cordon was appointed commandant of the city. Prince Windischgratz had established his head-quarters at Schonbrunn, and the Ban Jellachich in the palace of the Archduke Maximilian d'Este. Of the immense number of prisoners thousands were destined at once to serve as soldiers in the campaign that was to follow against the Hungarians. This was also the lot of a large proportion of the ci-devant academical legion-a sad fate for the foolish young men. The commander-in-chief deferred for three days his decision with regard to those who should be subjected to trial by courtmartial.

On the fourth of November, Prince Windischgratz and the Ban established their quarters in the Imperial palace. The inner city as well as part of the suburbs presented at this period a picture of destruction. Many houses from which the firing had been kept up by the insurrectionists after the imperial troops were in possession of the city, had been broken

into and plundered, in addition to such as had been devastated by the rebels, or damaged by the bombardment. All the public places and squares were occupied by the soldiers. As night set in As night set in groups of semibarbarian Croats were to be seen at every corner sitting round their watchfires, singing national airs, their rude features, and picturesque costume (Turkish pistols, and Greek capotes) brought into bold relief by the contrast of light and darkness. Even the grand portal of the Cathedral of St. Stephens, otherwise held so sacred in the eyes of the Viennese was converted into a bivouac, and the palace of the archbishop had been taken possession of by the officers of the staff.

On the same day a notification of the municipal council was placarded, calling on all persons who should shelter in their houses M. M. Messenhauser, Bem, Pullsky, Schütte, and Fenneberg, to deliver them up in six hours. In case of contravention they were threatened with trial by court-martial. It was intimated by the same notification that Prince Windischgratz had made dependent on the arrest of those individuals the restoration of free communication between the city and the suburbs, and the most lenient possible form of the state of siege.

This proclamation appears to have had some effect, for the chiefs of the National Guard, Messenhauser and Fenneberg, the chief of the Aula, Professor Fuster and the deputies of the Frankferter, left; Robert Blum and Trobel, were said to have been arrested on that day, the two latter at the London hotel. Dr. Schutte and the artist Aigner, who commanded the Academical Legion, were said to have committed suicide. According to other reports, General Bem had effected his escape. Is was also stated that sixteen rebels were shot after trial by court marshal, on the 2nd, eleven on the 3rd, and sixty on the 4th of November, but this appears to be an exaggerated statement, if not totally unfounded! Among those who suffered the last penalty of the law in the seven was also mentioned the democratic Allnager. Pullsky the Hungarian under Secretary of State and the chief agent of Kossuth in the capital was also said to have been arrested the same day.

On the 8th of November the Communal Council issued a proclamation stating that free intercourse between the city and the suburbs was restored from five o'clock in the morning till seven o'clock in the evening. Prince Windischgratz, who had at first prohibited the publication of all daily papers, with the sole exception of the Wiener Zeitung, had relaxed his rigour, and one after another the Presse, the Gierzel, (scourge) and the Austrian Lloyd made their appearance. Great numbers of the inhabitants of Vienna, who had the left city since the 6th of October were returning to their homes. Field-Marshal Welden was appointed Governor of Vienna, and upon his arrival Prince Windischgratz took up his head-quarters at Hetzendorf previous to his putting himself at the head of the Imperial army destined for Hungary. Robert Blum, the Leipsic demagogue, and a member of the National Assembly of Frankfort was shot in the Brigittemau on the morning of the 9th. Considering that Blum was one of those who by their violence indirectly contributed towards the murder of General Auerswald and Prince Lych

Messenhauser has since experienced the same fate.

nowsky, no pity can be felt for his fate. It is indeed said that his ambition was to be a German Danton.

Some difficulty will present itself in regard to the lesson conveyed to the extreme left of the National Assembly, by this execution of one of its distinguished members, but if so it will be of trifling importance. It will never do that leaders of an insurrection should be deputed by that assembly to carry on war and anarchy into the various German states. If so, they must be expected to be treated as any other exciter to rebellion would be, and the cause of loyalty and true patriotism will always gain by the deaths of such persons, not to mention the thousands of lives sacrificed to the ambition and vanity, or even the disappointments of one man.

It is not the least remarkable feature of modern times, that war, which was formerly carried on between nation and nation, should be now almost solely had recourse to, to decide differences of opinion among parties within a nation.

Paris, Frankfort, Berlin, and Vienna, have alike exhibited this strange and unnatural phenomenon. It is truly desirable that this should be the last mode of manifestation of war, and that what is becoming discarded by reasonable and experienced governments, should, as a last and dying struggle, have been lit up only by political demagogues and an anarchical and plundering populace. Of all the sieges that Vienna has undergone, that which has been self-inflicted will not be looked upon by future historians as the least interesting or the least remarkable. In what a foolish position does such a scene, also, place those remnants of medieval insecurity and barbarism, the walls and glacis which divide an inner from an outer town; walls, by-the-by, that were repaired and enlarged with the ransom of 40,000l. paid for our Richard I. in 1194, and which, in Vienna, as in the great European capitals, appear now to be of no utility but to protect bodies of anarchists against regular troops and established forms of government.

There certainly never was a period in which such stirring events had to be chronicled as are occurring within such brief periods of time. The capital of the Magyars will soon have to pay probably far more dearly than Vienna, the penalty of insurrection and rebellion, and of crime and murder superadded. But amid all these reactionary successes, the Austrian emperor and his general have avowed their intention of abiding by the constitution lately granted to the people, and the Ban of Croatia has only lent his assistance on the condition of the nationality of his followers-the long prostrate Slavonians-being recognised. These are so many bulwarks of peace, and that peace has the greater chance of permanent consolidation, and constitutional monarchies of rising up upon a lasting basis, the more the arch-demagogues of republican, communist and anarchical principles, are brought under a proper regime and constitutional restraint.

ISIR RICHARD MACGINNIS AND THE SHERIFF.

A REMINISCENCE OF SOLDIERING IN TIPPERARY.

A merry going out often bringeth a mournful return, and a joyful morning a sad evening. THOMAS A KEMPIS.

"ОCH, and sure yer honor won't forget Tim! Tim, yer honor!" exclaimed one of those contortions of nature, ycleped a dwarf, to a fine well-made son of the sister isle, as he walked down Dame Street, Dublin.

"By this, and by that, you are the biggest little blackguard I ever saw in my life," replied the gentleman, throwing him at the same time a tenpenny.

"Long life to yer honor, and thank yer honour," shrieked the dwarf, as he hobbled off to waylay another passer by.

"Well, Sir Richard, has the bay gelding won at the Curragh? I am just after seeing Larry Burns, and by dads, from his long face, and upturned nostril, I guessed you had had no luck. Why, he turned on his heel, and would not deign an answer," said a short gentleman with a low crowned hat, knowingly stuck upon one side, and a bright green cutaway coat mounted in brass.

"Then you have guessed too true, for as soon as the blackguard was

called upon he shut up. However, my book is pretty square. I made up my loss out of Captain Seymour,-one of the castle aide-de-camps; he would back the English mare against a true bred son of the Emerald Isle." "Arrah! Sir Richard, you did well. Ireland, mi boy, for ever. Never mind, you are not cut out for a flat, eh? Twenty to ten you win the Cahir Steeple chase, with Brien Borhoime."

"I wish I may. Good day, good day."

he had had

The charitable donor and loser of the race was Sir Richard Macginnis, or, as he was familiarly styled,-ears polite, are we to utter it?" Hell-fire Dick," was a true specimen of an Irish Gentleman. Kind, brave, liberal to a fault, ready to resent an injury, but lastingly grateful for a benefit; 66 many an affair," and paced many a distance in the Phoenix, and had dropped and won many a fifty pound note at Daly's; but the days of which we chronicle were very different to these of pikes, felons, trials, and soldiers in the old capital of Ireland. She was then in the zenith of her glory, the envied of the envied, or, in the words of Lever, "There was wealth more than proportioned to the cheapness of the country, and while ability and talent were the most striking features of every circle, the taste for gorgeous display, exhibited within doors and without, threw a glare of splendour over the scene, that served to illustrate, but not eclipse the prouder glories of the mind."

At an early age Sir Richard Macginnis had come into an Irish property of about four thousand a-year, a little encumbered with debts, in Tipperary. Ah! many a time had the old walls of Castle Knock vibrated with the merry song and chorus o'er the generous port, many a time had its oaken-floor received the ponderous shock of a four-bottled-man. Many and many a guest had enjoyed true Hibernian hospitality in the old castle; many a fox had been tally ho'ed away from its covers, and many a snipe or 'cock had fallen to the unerring aim of its noble owner, or his Dec.-VOL. LXXXIV. NO. CCCXXXVI.

2 G

sporting friends; but alas! these palmy days were not to last for ever. Sir Richard, bitten with the mania of travelling, determined to view the beauties of England, where at Cheltenham, he met, wooed, and won, the fair, accomplished, though dowerless daughter of Admiral Howard. For a time affairs went on smoothly; Dublin was yearly sought; and expense followed expense, but in a few years the baronet found his property mortgaged to lawyers and money-lenders, his rents badly paid, the Union passed, and blessed with a son as errant a pickle as ever lived, whose education was entrusted to the combined care of the Protestant clergyman and Father Gleeson (for though Sir Richard was a staunch Catholic himself, he considered all sects, whether Roman, Greek, or infidel, as-brethren). But the young scion and his two pedagogical divines were much like a person attempting to sit upon two chairs at one and the same time, and the old issue was the consequence; but the youth's fall was either upon his legs or seat, for he almost daily contrived to escape the exhortations of the Rev. Mr. O'Neil, or the Latin expositions of Father Mark, to rush to the whoo-op of Pat Sullivan the Irish huntsman, or the to-ho of Jack Moffatt, the English keeper; in time his view holloa was clearly heard at the cover side as he saw sly reynard steal away, and his merry laugh re-echoed through the sylvan glades as he shot the errant woodcock, until he became as good a shot as his father, and few could beat him with the Tip. Hunt on black Mungo.

The

Dragoon Guards were quartered at Cahir (or, as some garrison punsters, unjustly though it be, call it "dull care") and a subaltern's detachment was thrown out to Fethard under the command of Lieutenant Mytton.

Jack Mytton was the only son of a wealthy Yorkshire squire, who not being able to manage his son at home, procured him a commission in the

Dragoon Guards, as he then hoped his son would be under some restraint. Poor Jack! he had talents for every thing but soldiering, he could make as good a book on the Derby, play as good a game of chess, calculate the odds, or win a rubber of billiards as the best man alive, but to manœuvre a troop, or tell off a squadron, was far beyond his comprehension; and in proof thereof, he had ridden and won two steeple-chases before he had been dismissed his riding drill, and had made a good "pot" on the St. Leger, before he could change front to the right.

One day a party of Mytton's brother officers drove over from headquarters to see him at Fethard.

"Ah! ah! Jack, old boy," cried Captain Osprey on their arrival, “how are you? Had any shooting?"

"How is the detachment ?" inquired Cornet Whiskerless.

"How is the hay?" inquired a third.

"What is the price of meat a pound ?"

"Hunting any more of her Majesty's troopers ?" asked Captain Osprey.

"Ah, my boy!" replied Mytton, "recollect the Italian proverb, ‹ Li matti banno bolletta di dir cio che voglion.' So hold your peace of troopers."

"I see you have Boatswain still," said Whiskerless, as a shaggy Irish spaniel came jumping and fondling to the party.

"The best dog that ever lived," replied Mytton. "I was shooting at