SPEED OF SHIPS TO BE MODERATE IN FOG, ETC.

ART. 13. Every ship, whether a sailing ship or steamship, shall, in a fog, mist, or falling snow, go at a moderate speed.

STEERING AND SAILING RULES.

ART. 14. When two sailing ships are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz. :

(a) A ship which is running free shall keep out of the way of a ship which is close-hauled.

(4) A ship which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a ship which is closehauled on the starboard tack.

Rules shall, instead of the signals prescribed in sub-divisions (a) and (c) of this Article, at intervals of not more than two minutes, sound three blasts in succession, viz.: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts. A vessel towed may give this signal and she shall not give any other.

Sailing vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals, but if they do not, they shall make some other efficient sound-signal at intervals of not more than one minute.

SPEED OF SHIPS TO BE MODERATE IN FOG, ETC.

ART. 16. Every vessel shall, in a fog, mist, falling snow, ›r heavy rain-storms, go at a moderate speed, having careful egard to the existing circumstances and conditions.

A steam vessel hearing, apparently forward of her beam, the og-signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained, hall, so far as the circumstances of the case admit, stop her ngines, and then navigate with caution until danger of collision

s over.

STEERING AND SAILING RULES.

PRELIMINARY-RISK OF COLLISION.

Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascerined by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approachg vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such sk should be deemed to exist.

ART. 17. When two sailing vessels are approaching one other, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall eep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz.:—

(a) A vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled.

(b) A vessel which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.

(c) When both are running free with the wind on different sides, the ship which has the wind on

the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d) When both are running free with the wind on the same side, the ship which is to windward shall

keep out of the way of the ship which is to leeward.

(e) A ship which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other ship.

ART. 15. If two ships under steam are meeting end on or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This Article only applies to cases where ships are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two ships which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are, when each

of the two ships is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each ship sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which each ship is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a ship

sees another ahead crossing her own course; or by night to cases where the red light of one ship is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one ship is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

ART. 16. If two ships under steam are crossing, so as to

(c) When both are running free, with the wind on

different sides, the vessel which has the wind

on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d) When both are running free, with the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward

shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.

(e) A vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel.

ART. 18. When two steam vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This Article only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two vessels which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are, when each

of the two vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and, by night, to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other. It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course; or, by night, to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

ART. 19. When two steam vessels are crossing, so as to

involve risk of collision, the ship which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

ART. 17. If two ships, one of which is a sailing ship, and the other a steamship, are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steamship shall keep out of the way of the sailing ship.

ART. 22. Where by the above Rules one of two ships is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course.

ART. 18. Every steamship, when approaching another ship, so as to involve risk of collision, shall slacken her speed or stop and reverse, if necessary.

ART. 20. Notwithstanding anything contained in any preceding Article, every ship, whether a sailing ship or a steamship, overtaking any other, shall keep out of the way of the overtaken ship.