14.-All ferry boat chains laid across the river shall be slackened down level with the bed of the river, from side to side, when not actually in use.

TYNE.

The Tyne Improvement Commissioners, in pursuance of the River Tyne Improvement Act, 1850, and other their Special Acts and the Acts incorporated therewith, and the Explosives Act, 1875, made the following Bye-laws, which were allowed on the 15th day of November, 1884:—

Preliminary.

"The

"The port" means the port of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as defined by the River Tyne Improvement Act, 1850, and the Tyne Improvement Act, 1861. It extends from Hedwin Streams to the outermost ends of the Tyne piers when completed, and includes so much of the ports of North Shields and South Shields, established for custom house purposes, as lies within the limits of the port of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, so long as the same continue for such purposes separate ports, and includes all creeks, docks and places therein, and within the river. river" means the parts of the River Tyne within the jurisdiction of the Commissioners. "Vessel" means any ship, lighter, keel, barge, boat, raft or craft, or any other kind of vessel whatever, whether navigated by steam or otherwise. "Steam vessel" or "steamer" means any vessel propelled by steam. "Sea-going vessel" means any vessel which has been, is or is intended to be used for sea voyages. "Ballast lighter" means any barge, boat or other vessel used for receiving or conveying ballast or rubbish. "Boat" means any keel, wherry or other open boat, not exceeding 50 feet in length. Day" or "day time" means the period between sunrise and sunset.

"Night" or "night time" means the period between sunset and sunrise. "Tide time" means the period commencing two hours prior to, and ending one hour after, the time of high water.

3. The master of every vessel and the owner thereof shall severally be responsible for the due performance and observance as regards such vessel of such of the following Bye-laws as shall apply to such vessel, and when any vessel shall be under the direction of any pilot, such pilot shall also be responsible for such performance and observance; but if such pilot shall be a duly licensed pilot whom the owner or master is bound by law to employ and put his vessel in charge of, neither the owner nor the master shall be responsible for any non-performance or non-observance arising from the neglect or default of such pilot.

4.-Every person, including those mentioned in the last preceding clause, who shall make default or breach in the performance or observance of, or offend against or contravene any of the following Bye-laws, shall for every such default, breach or offence, forfeit and pay to the Commissioners a sum not exceeding 57.; but where by statute any other penalty is imposed for such or the like default, breach or offence, such other penalty shall be substituted for the said 57., and it is expressly declared that the imposition and payment of any penalty shall not affect the liability of any person or vessel to answer in damages for any injury to any property or person arising from such default, breach or offence, as aforesaid.

As to Moorings.

5.-Every vessel shall be and be kept properly and effectually moored whilst at any public or private mooring place, or at any public or private quay, wharf, jetty, staith, drop, spout, or landing place within the port, and especially shall be kept effectually moored during high winds, freshes, or accumulation of ice. Every vessel shall be and be kept moored, otherwise than by means of

anchors, except in case of emergency from whatever cause arising.

No anchor shall be put down from any vessel, whether at moorings or in any other place in the port, except in case of sudden emergency, or with the previous sanction of the harbour master; and if such sanction be granted, the anchor or anchors shall be placed clear of the navigable channel, and so as not to endanger any other vessel. Any anchor put down shall be removed as and when the harbour master shall direct.

If any vessel part from its anchor, the fact shall be reported to the harbour master as soon as practicable.

Every vessel moored or anchored, or about to be moored or anchored, shall be subject to any orders or directions which the harbour master may give as to the berth or place to be occupied, the manner of mooring or unmooring, or as to removal, or as to any other matter within his jurisdiction.

6. The sails of every vessel, whether moored or at anchor, shall be furled; the standing and flying jibboom and mizzenboom shall be rigged close in, and all the booms and boom irons shall be taken off the yards; the bumpkins and boats davits shall be swung in or unshipped; and the topsail and lower yards shall be peaked or braced sharp up, and the vessel shall be otherwise dismantled, if and as the harbour master shall direct.

7. The anchors of every vessel when moored in the river shall be taken in clear of the gunwale, or hung perpendicularly from the hawse pipe, in such position as shall be least likely to cause, or tend to cause, damage or injury to such vessel or to any other vessel, or shall be dealt with partly in one mode and partly in the other, as the harbour master may direct.

9. No more than one vessel at a time shall lie or be at any staith, spout, or drop, for any purpose whatsoever, without the previous consent of the harbour master, dock master, or staith master, as the case may require; and no

vessel shall without such consent be placed alongside of any other vessel lying at any staith, spout, or drop.

10. Vessels shall not, without the previous consent of the harbour master, be placed or be between the tiers, or be placed or be in such a position as to obstruct or interfere with the access to any wharf, quay, or landing place (except while loading or unloading cargo or ballast thereat, or while proceeding thereto, or lying alongside thereof, for such purpose as aforesaid, or returning therefrom), or so as to obstruct or interfere with the access to any dock entrance. This Bye-law does not apply to vessels in the employment of or belonging to the Commissioners.

As to Lights and Fog Signals.

12.-Subject to Bye-law 13, the undermentioned lights, and no other light, shall be carried and displayed upon every steam vessel while steaming under way during night time :

1st. On or in front of the foremast, at a height above

the hull of not less than 20 feet; and if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, a bright white light, so fixed as to show a uniform. and unbroken light over a horizontal arc of 20 points of the compass, and to throw the light 10 points on each side of the steam vessel (that is to say, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on each side), and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least two miles; provided always, that in the case of a steam vessel having no foremast, it shall be sufficient if the said white light be at a height not less than 12 feet above the hull, fixed on a staff not more than 30 feet from the stem, and in the case of a steam vessel not exceeding 12 feet in breadth, it shall be sufficient if such light be at a height not

less than 6 feet above the hull, fixed on a staff not more than 12 feet from the stem.

2nd. On the starboard side, a bright green light, so fixed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over a horizontal arc of 10 points of the compass, and to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least one mile.

3rd. On the port side, a bright red light, so fixed as to show a uniform and unbroken light over a horizontal arc of 10 points of the compass, and to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night, with a

clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least one mile. The said green light and red light shall each be fitted with an inboard screen, projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so. as to prevent such light from being seen across the bow of the steam vessel.

13. Every steam vessel while steaming under way and engaged in towing any other vessel during night time shall, in addition to the lights prescribed by Bye-law 12, carry on or in front of the foremast, or if there be no foremast, on the staff mentioned in that Bye-law, a second bright white light, similar to and placed vertically at least 3 feet above or below the bright white light prescribed in that Bye-law.

14. Every steamer being towed, or under sail and not under steam, and every sailing vessel under way or being towed shall, during night time, carry the same lights as a steamer under way under steam, except the white light or white lights, which shall not be carried.

15.-A bright white light shall be shown from the stern of every vessel which is being overtaken by another vessel during night time.