darity, peace and defense of the Continent, and there are hidden forces struggling to set up totalitarian dictatorships in the Americas;

2. It is impossible to expect from such regimes a sincere and effective collaboration in the common war effort; and that it is likewise impossible that the rulers, who are the enemies of democracy, will fully cooperate in the peculiarly democratic development of panAmericanism in war or in peace;

3. It is the universal aspiration that human rights may be internationally recognized and protected and such rights in the face of a regime arising from violence and the imposition of a minority would be unfailingly violated and weakened; and

4. It is necessary that the American Republics determine their situation in the face of the aforesaid danger;

The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace RESOLVES:

1. To recommend to the American Republics that they abstain from granting recognition to and maintaining relations with anti-democratic regimes which, in the future, may be established in any of the countries of this Hemisphere; and, particularly, those regimes that may originate from a coup d'état against Governments of a legally established democratic structure.

2. To recommend as a specific standard, in order to identify such regimes, the degree to which the popular will may have contributed to their establishment, according to the free judgment of each state.

Delegation of Haiti

No. 178

ABOLITION OF ANY POLICIES OR ACTION HAVING A CHARACTER OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE RELATIONS AMONGST THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS

In view of Resolution XII passed by the First Inter-American Demographic Conference, and

WHEREAS:

Practices of racial discrimination not only are contrary to positive scientific data, but formally contradict the Christian doctrine on which our civilization is based;

The Nazi doctrines that have submerged humanity in chaos largely derived their harm from those ideas relating to a pretended inequality of races;

World peace cannot be established except in the measure that men, without distinction of race, nationality or religion, are permitted to assert their rights in life;

The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace

RESOLVES:

1) To recommend to the Governments of the American Republics the complete abolition of any policies and action having the character of racial, national or religious discrimination.

2) To recommend to the Governments of the American Republics that they see that no propaganda is disseminated having the character of racial, national or religious discrimination in the American countries through books, periodicals or reproduction of images or by \ any other means of publicity.

Delegation of Brazil

RISE OF THE STANDARD OF LIVING

No. 179

1. The American nations, meeting in Mexico City, recognize and proclaim that man ought to be the center of interest of all efforts of peoples and Governments.

2. Likewise they consider that poverty, sickness and ignorance are pitiful and transitory conditions of human life and they promise to combat them with energy and determination.

3. The American nations recognize that conditions of poverty, weakness and lack of culture, in which a part of the Latin-American population has been living, produced by various negative conditions, should be overcome or solved in order to rehabilitate the American community. To obtain such high objectives, the sincere and decisive collaboration of all countries of the Hemisphere is necessary, chiefly of those that already have attained high levels of economic and financial power.

4. The American nations undestand that, from a general viewpoint, private action ought to predominate in social and economic projects, but that in those countries whose economy is in an early stage of development, living conditions of the peoples economically weak can be improved with the necessary speed only through the assistance of the State, backed by the appropriate elements. Since education and social assistance and welfare are efficient means to attain a rise in the standard of living, the attention of the American nations should be centered upon them.

5. The American nations consider that adequate nutrition, hygienic housing, clothing and educational and health services are things that should be developed and encouraged by the Governments and put into effect as a supplementary measure, whenever private enterprise does not meet the basic needs of the peoples.

6. The American nations agree that working conditions as regards wages, hours and environment ought to receive special care, always

in such a manner as to guarantee the essential prerogatives of human dignity.

7. The nations of the Hemisphere will thus promote the physical, economic, moral and social rehabilitation of the American nations by evaluating them as a human unit and increasing working capacity and purchasing power, in order that they may enjoy a better and more useful and happy life.

Delegation of Mexico

DRAFT OF DECLARATION OF MEXICO

No. 180

The representatives of the States of the American Continent, meeting in Mexico City at the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, before our own peoples and all the nations of the world, and in the name of the former,

DECLARE:

The American community accepts the following essential principles as governing the relations between the States composing it:

1. We proclaim the integrity and inviolability of our territories, which we in principle regard as immutable, except as provided for in peaceful agreements.

2. Each State is free and sovereign in its domestic affairs.

3. International law is the rule of conduct for all States.

4. There is absolute juridical equality between all the States. 5. Our constant task is to maintain peace and the best possible relations with all States.

6. We repudiate the principle and the validity of territorial conquest.

7. Disputes between States in America are to be settled exclusively by peaceful means.

8. We proscribe war among us in any of its forms: Political, ideological, economic or military.

9. We shall wage war against any other State only in self-defense, and if attacked.

10. In the event of an attack against any of us, we shall wage war jointly, and no one shall sign a separate peace.

11. We recognize the interdependence of our States, in the field of our aspirations and common interests.

12. An attack against an American State constitutes an attack against all the American States.

13. For our domestic affairs, we again reiterate our closest adherence to democratic principles, under the inspiration of which we have grown, and under the protection of which our political and social evolution shall go forward in peace and prosperity.

14. The existence of anti-democratic political systems on the American Continent injures our progress and creates bases of penetration which threaten American security from without.

15. Among ourselves, the purpose of the State is to permit the happiness of man within society. We believe that it is possible to harmonize the interests of the community with the rights of the individual. The American man cannot conceive of life without justice, just as he cannot live without freedom.

16. Among the rights of man, the first is an equal opportunity to enjoy all the spiritual and material blessings offered by our civilization, through the legitimate exercise of his activity, his industry, and his genius.

17. Democracy is not possible without material well-being and education. We shall always combat ignorance by means of a unified and extensive system of public education inspired by the noble ideals of America.

18. We regard the economic solidarity of the Continent as a principle. The era of imperialism has ended. Want in any of our States, whether in the form of poverty, malnutrition or ill-health, affects each of the other countries and, consequently, the prosperity of all of them as a whole.

19. We are entering an era of economic cooperation in which we shall coordinate private interest in order to create an economy of abundance which, by eliminating the exploitation of natural resources and human labor for the exclusive benefit of groups, whether national or foreign, will permit raising the standard of living of all American

countries.

20. The inter-American community is placed at the service of the highest ideals of universal cooperation. We want a great America, so that it may be more useful to humanity.