APPENDIX II Draft Resolutions Presented to the InterAmerican Conference on Problems of War and Peace' Delegation of Cuba HOMAGE TO BENITO JUÁREZ No. 8 First: As a tribute of all the nations of the Continent to the people and the Government of the United Mexican States, the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace will hold a public ceremony at the statute of the Hero of America, Don Benito Juárez, laying a floral offering, in which a Delegate selected by the President of the Conference will speak. No. 21 Delegation of Cuba INVITATION TO PRESS TO ATTEND SESSIONS Interpreting the lofty spirit orientating the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, and with the undeniable will that the deliberations and agreements adopted by it be freely and amply studied and judged by the citizens of the world who are defending a more just life for mankind, and by the citizens of America who aspire to a system of liberty and of pure and true democracy for all the nations of the New World; furthermore, in order that these opinions and resolutions may be known in all their detail and development, and keeping in mind that the solution of some of the vital problems of the present day cannot be secured without the cooperation and efficiency of the press, the Delegation of the Republic of Cuba proposes the following: RESOLUTION The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace invites the press of Mexico, of America, and of the world to attend its plenary sessions. 1 1 Texts are translations unless originally submitted in English. 140 INVITATION TO MEXICAN CONGRESS TO ATTEND SESSIONS Accepting that on congresses of the peoples of America will largely fall, in due course, the enormous task of organizing international peace and security, as well as coordinating the economy of our nations and promoting the closest understanding between all the countries of America, the Cuban Delegation proposes the following. RESOLUTION The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace invites the Senators and Deputies of the Mexican Congress to attend its plenary sessions. No. 23 Delegation of Cuba PROPOSAL UNANIMOUSLY TO ELECT LIC. EZEQUIEL PADILLA PRESIDENT OF THE CONFERENCE The Cuban Delegation invites the delegations of the other sister Republics represented at the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace, to honor the Mexican Nation, as represented by one of its most illustrious and representative citizens, an eminent diplomat and wise leader of its foreign policy, proposing the following: RESOLUTION The Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace unanimously elects, as President of the Conference, Lic. Ezequiel Padilla, Secretary of Foreign Relations of the United Mexican States. Delegation of Cuba No. 24 DECLARATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL WHEREAS the juridical conscience of the civilized world demands that the rights of the individual be recognized rights free from infringement by the State; WHEREAS the declarations of rights inserted in a number of constitutions, especially in the American and French Constitutions toward the latter part of the eighteenth century, and in the German Con 668383-46-10 stitution of 1919, have been instituted not only for the citizen but also for the individual; WHEREAS the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that no state shall deprive any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws; WHEREAS the Supreme Court of the United States has decided unanimously that, in accordance with the terms of this amendment, it is applicable within the jurisdiction of the United States "to every person without distinction of race, color or nationality, and that equal protection of the laws is a guarantee of the protection of equal laws"; WHEREAS the constitutions of progressive republics establish almost all these same principles of equality and guarantee for individual activities; WHEREAS there also exist various treaties which stipulate the recognition of the rights of the individual; WHEREAS it is important to extend to the whole world the international recognition of the rights of man; IT IS HEREBY PROCLAIMED: I. All individuals are equal before the law and before all manifestations of life. No State shall recognize personal laws or privileges nor permit discriminations by reason of sex, race, religion, color, language or class, nor on any other ground, and it shall guarantee the absolute equality of opportunity in the exercise of economic, professional and industrial activities. The laws shall establish the penalties which shall be incurred by violators of this precept. II. Every individual has the right to have a citizenship. Where he has lost it according to his country's laws or where he is denied it in his country of birth, he shall be able to acquire it from the State where he resides, upon compliance with the requirements of the law. III. Every individual has the right to the security of his person, documents and effects in the same manner as the nationals of the country where he resides. IV. Every individual has the same civil rights established by law for nationals except those which under personal statute correspond to aliens and especially the following political and economic rights: (a) The inviolability of property, no one to be deprived of his residence or of any other patrimonial right, except by public court order, legally rendered and upon payment of due compensation. (b) The freedom to enter, stay in and leave any part of the territory, provided the local laws and police regulations are observed, without prejudice to the provisions of immigration laws or to the right of deportation. (c) The freedom to profess a religion of his own free choice and to worship without any restriction other than respect for public order and proper customs. (d) The freedom to express freely his ideas and opinions, using any means of diffusion, provided no attempt is made against the honor of persons, the social order or the public peace. (e) The freedom of commerce, navigation and industry, provided the laws of the State are observed and subject to exceptions on grounds of public security. (f) Freedom to address petitions to the authorities seeking reparation for damages sustained. (g) Freedom to assemble peacefully and unarmed, and to associate with others for all lawful purposes of life. V. Every individual has the same social rights established for nationals, subject to the reservation of reciprocity or of social security, and especially: (a) The right to work usefully and constructively during his productive years. (b) The right to reasonable remuneration, adequate to provide the necessities and comforts of life, in exchange for labor, ideas, savings, and other valuable services. (c) The right to adequate food, clothing, lodging and medical attention. (d) The right to tranquility, free from fear of old age, poverty, dependence, sickness, unemployment and accidents. (e) The right to live in a system of free enterprise, free from compulsory labor, from irresponsible private powers, from arbitrary public authority, and from unregulated monopolies. (f) The right to education for employment, for useful citizenship, and for personal prosperity and happiness. (g) The right to rest, recreation, freedom of action, the pursuit of happiness and to participate in the progress of civilization. VI. Every individual has the right to be judged by the courts which the laws of the State of his residence recognize as competent and which have been set up prior to the act in question. No person may be condemned except by due process of law and by virtue of a law enacted prior to the imputed act. VII. Every individual has the right to be protected and assisted by the State, to whose jurisdiction he belongs, in the manner established by treaties and by international law. No individual shall have the right to such protection if, according to the laws of the State against which he presents a complaint, he is a citizen of that State. VIII. Every individual has the right of asylum in foreign legations and to the protection of the diplomatic representatives of any nation, in the cases and manner established in treaties or in international law. IX. Every individual is obliged to contribute to the public expenses of the country where he resides and to serve the latter in case of necessity in the manner provided by law. X. No alien shall intervene directly or indirectly in the politics of the country where he resides, nor presume to enjoy or exercise rights other than those provided for nationals by the Constitution and the laws. XI. Aliens are obliged to respect the political, social and economic order of the State where they reside, to observe and comply with the laws and regulations there in force, and to submit to the jurisdiction and to the decisions of its governmental authorities and courts of justice. No. 25 Delegation of Cuba NEW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION The undersigned Delegation has the honor to submit to the consideration and approval of the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace the following statement on the New International Organization. WHEREAS the International Feace and Security Organization, as conceived in the "Dumbarton Oaks Proposals for the Establishment of a General International Organization," does not conform to principles of international law; WHEREAS the composition of the organs which they propose and the functions of the same do not constitute an adequate juridical framework for the Community of Nations; WHEREAS the American Republics aspire to a basic modification of said proposals, in order to adjust them to the requirements of international law and to the legitimate aspirations of the democratic nations, at the same time consolidating the dictates of justice and the lessons of experience; WHEREAS the Community of Nations, whatever name it may adopt, can be nothing more than an organism of the International Juridical Community and, therefore, exercise the legislative, executive and judicial functions pertaining to it in a harmonious and balanced manner; WHEREAS the American Continent constitutes a great example of international comity, and during recent decades has contributed ef |