Gall on Spotted Touch-me-not-Prof. A. N. Prentiss, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.-The succulent green globular galls, which you find on the Spotted Touch-me-not (Impatiens fulra), and which contain numerous deep orange colored larvæ, have been briefly described (Cecidomyia impatientis, O.S.) by Osten Sacken, but the gall-gnat is as yet unknown. The larvæ went into the ground soon after their receipt, and we hope to obtain the fly from them in due time. Succulent galls perish so easily that they cannot well be preserved, so we have made the accompanying drawing [Fig. 42]

a

b

Colors-Green and orange. (Fig. 42) of this Touch-me-not gall, a showing the entire gall, b a cross-section, with the cavities in which lie the larvæ, and c the breast-bone of the larva highly magnified. This breast-bone is almost clove-shaped, as shown in the figure. For the benefit of the rest of our readers we quote that part of your letter which refers to the color and growth of the gall:

I have examined a number of galls very carefully, ineluding some in their fresh state some time ago, and always find some touches of color, orange usually-in some instances quite bright-on the end of the gall opposite the stem, but the prevailing color is green. I judge the greater part of the gall is composed of the stem immediately under the flower. The position of the bract would indicate this. But I find on the end of the gall where the flower should have been, a number of foliaceous plates, which are not easy to account for except they be regarded as abortive remains of the flower. These plates are the colored part of the gall.

Unknown Larvæ-J. M. Harrold, Salem, N. J.The small white wooly worms which "in proportion to their size will afford a larger staple' than either a Cotswold or a Southdown," are the larvæ of some moth. They were dead when they reached us, and we shall not be able, in consequence, to breed the perfect insect. They may possibly be the young larvæ of the Rabbit Moth (Lagoa opercularis, Sm. & Abb.) spoken of on page 29 of our last number, in answer to H. A. Green of your State; but we incline to believe that they belong to a closely allied species (Lagoa pyridifera, Sm. & Abb.)

Blood-sucking Cone-nose-D. B. Watson, St. Louis, Mo.-The bug sent by you is the Blood-sucking Cone-nose (Conorhinus sanguisuga, Le Conte.) See Vol. 1, Fig. 74.

Eggs on a Grape-cane-J. Cochrane, Havanna, Ills.-In no one of their four stages are insects so difficult to identify as in the egg stage. The reason is simple. There are so few characters to distinguish one egg from another; and moreover, but very few species are known and described in the egg state. We can often identify a squashed beetle or a squashed moth; but a squashed egg is almost always beyond our abilities. Hence the row of eggs attached to a grape-cane, which you send us wrapped up in paper and enclosed in your letter, without any other protection from the heavy hands of Uncle Sam's P. O. clerks, might just as well have been kept at home. We really are tired to death of continually repeating to our correspondents -besides our standing "Notice" to that effect-that specimens should be enclosed in some kind of box or other, in order that they may reach us in recognizable order. Is there no drug-store at Havanna? Are there no gun-caps for sale there? or do the druggists there retail their pills, and the gunsmiths their gun-caps, loose over the counter and without any package to hold them? Do pray, Mr. Cochrane, try and do better for the future!

Gregarious Willow Worms-G. C. Brackett, Lawrence, Kansas.-The pale yellow worms-marked with three slender black lines along the back, and three other black lines each side, but characterized chiefly by two black warts close together on the top respectively of the fourth and eleventh segments-which you found feeding on your "New American Weeper," are the larvæ of the American Spinner (Clostera Americana, Harr.) These worms are gregarious, remaining closely huddled together, in swarms of twenty or more, within a sort of cocoon formed of leaves. They are found on poplars as well as on willows, and seem to be especially partial to the common cottonwood. You will find an illustrated account of this insect in Harris's Injurious Insects.

Caterpillars named-G. W. Copley, Alton, Ms. -The worms that have been so common, folding up the leaves of the Black Locust, are the larvæ of the Tityrus Skipper (Eudamus tityrus, Fabr.), spoken of on page 27 of our last number in answer to T. W. G. of Georgetown, Ohio. The worm, which you call the "Mock-eyed worm,' is the larva of the Troilus Swallow-tail (Papilio troilus, Linn.). It feeds on Sassafras and Prickly Ash.

W. D. Butter, Webster, Mo.-Your worm on Sassafras is the larva of the same Troilus Swallow-tail, spoken of above.

Insects Named-Levi G. Saffer, Elizabeth, Ind.The large hairy wingless insect known in your locality as the "Stinging Ant," and which has only been known there for about ten years, is the same Mutilla coccinea, Linn., (9) which was spoken of on page 32 of our last number in answer to Dr. M. M. Kenzie, of Centreville, Mo. The large "hornet with pale rustcolored wings and black abdomen marked with pale yellow, and which you say is quite rare in your part of the country, is the Handsome Digger Wasp (Stizus speciosus, Drury), figured on page 129 of our First Volume.

Range of the Rear-Horse-V. T. Chambers, Covington, Ky. The Rear-horse (Mantis Carolina, Linn.), is known to range as far North as Lat. 40°. We have no doubt but they would live in your part of the country.

Beetles named.-Edw. P. Allis, Milwaukee, Wis.No. 1 Aphodius fimetarius Fabr. (Europe). No. 57 A. granarius (Europe). No. 2 Onthophagus hecate, Panzer

9. No. 3 Dineutes near americanus, Fabr. No. 4 Amara obesa, Say. No. 31 A. impunct icollis, Say. No. 30 A. near impuneticollis. No. 5 Acilius fraternus &, Harris. No. 6 Agonoderus pallipes, Fabr. No. 7 Harpalus faunus, Say. Nos. 10 & 12 Harp. No. 23

H. erythropus, Dej. No. 24 H. pennsylvanicus, Dej. No. 51 H. herbivagus, Say. No. 50 H. near herbivagus. No. 8 Anisodactylus carbonarius, Say. No. 22 A. baltimorensis, Say. No. 58 A. rusticus, Say. No 9 Hister

No. 13 H. americanus, Paykull. No. 38 H. abbreviatus, Fabr. No. 11 Dytiscus hybridus, Aubé. No. 14 Platynus placidus, Say. No. 15 Pl. melanarius Dej. No. 18 Pl. cupripennis, Say. No. 19 Pl. No. 16 Bembidium lucidum, Lec. No. 17 Merinus lævis, Oliv. No. 20 Chlonius pennsylvanicus, Dej. No. 21 Elaphrus ruscarius, Say. No. 25 Diplochila obtusa? Lec. No. 28 D. impressicollis, Dej. No. 29 D. laticollis, Lec. No. 26 Pterostichus stygicus, Say. No. 47 Ft. mutus, Say. No. 54 Pt. desidiosus, Lec. No. 27 Pacilus chalcites, Say. No. 32 Clerus nigripes, Say. No. 33 Trichius affinis, G. & P. No. 34 Mordella lineata? Melsh. No. 35 Notiophilus semistriatus, Say. No. 36 Notorus anchora, Hentz. No. 37 Cistela sericea, Say. No. 40 Gyrinus analis, Say. 39 Dark variety of 40. No. 41 Cicindela repanda, Dej. No. 42 C. 12-guttata, Dej. Nos. 43 & 48 C. splendida, Hentz. No. 44 Dacne heros, Say. Nos. 45 & 53 Tenebrio molitor, L. (Europe). No. 46 Parandra brunnea, Fabr. No. 49 Xylopinus anthracinus, Knoch. No. 52 Flatycerus depressus, Lec. No. 55 Centronipus calcaratus, Fabr. No. 56 Diaperis hydni, Fabr. No. 59. Nyctobates pennsylvanicus, Dej.- -Several of the above arrived in very bad order. If you will send good specimens of Nos. 9, 10, 19, 30 & 50, we will try and determine them specifically. In a difficult genus, it is often impossible to determine the species with the requisite precision from one or two poor mutilated specimens.

66

No.

The Royal Horned-caterpillar-Dr. D. L. Phares, Woodville, Miss.-In Vol. I, No. 12, (p. 230) we said that this insect is quite scarce even as far south as Bushberg, Mo., Brighton, Ill., and St. Louis, Mo." We intended it to be inferred from this statement, that still further south it was by no means so scarce. You understand us to mean exactly the contrary, and inform us that it is not uncommonly met with in your neighborhood in latitude 31o 30'. As others may possibly make the same mistake, we think it best to say here in so many words, what it was that we really intended to be inferred from our language, namely, that this insect is much more abundant in southern than in northern latitudes within the limits of the United States.

Aquatic eggs-W. O. Hiskey, Minneapolis, Minn.— The round white semi-transparent eggs, about 0.03 inch in diameter, which you found attached to a stick of wood that had been under water, are most probably those of some air-breathing Water-snail, belonging to such genera as Planorbis etc. They bear a striking resemblance, except in size, to those of the large brown snail commonly met with in English gardens, which last in the days of our boyhood we used often to find in masses a little below the surface of the earth. We know of no aquatic insect that lays such eggs.

Insects named-S. V. Summers, M. D., St. Louis, Mo.-Your insects are as follows: No. 1, Mantis Carolina, Linn. . No. 2, Conorhinus sanguisuga, Le Conte. (See Vol. 1, Fig. 74). No. 3, Chlanius sericeus, Say. No. 4, Scarites subterraneus, Fabr. No. 5, Galerita janus, Fabr. No. 6, Patrobus longicornis, Say. No. 7, Pterostichus sculptus, Lec. No. 8, Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, De Geer. (See Vol. 1, Fig 55). No. 9, Trox punctatus, Germ. No. 10, Oodes cuprous, Chaudoir. No. 11, Agonoderus pallipes, Fabr. No. 12, Bembidium nitidulum, Dej. No. 13, Platynus 8-punctatus, Lec. No. 14, larva of No. 20. No. 15, Diedrocephala mollipes, Say. No. 16, Aretia [Spilosoma] virginica, Fabr. No. 17, Hippodamia maculata, DeGeer. (See Vol. I, Fig. 36.) No. 18, Diabrotica vittata, Fabr. (See Vol. II, Fig. 19). No. 19, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Fabr. (See Vol. I, Fig. 168.) No. 20, Hippodamia convergens, Guer. (See Vol. I, Fig. 39.) No. 21, larva of Arma spinosa, Dallas. No. 22, Tachys pulchellus, Ferté. No. 23, Bembidium near 4-maculatum, Linn. No. 24, of No. 1. No. 25, Haltica cucumeris, Harr. (See Vol. I, Fig. 19). No. 26, Tettigonia [Erythroneura] vitis, Harr. We should like further specimens of No. 23.

Hair-worm or Hair-snake-E. H. King, West Liberty, Iowa.-The insect you send is the pupa of one of our green Meadow Catydids-perhaps Orchelimum vulgare, Harris, perhaps Orch. glaberrimum, Burmeister; but as in this genus there are a great many closely allied species, most of which are either entirely undescribed, or so briefly described that the same description will apply equally well to half a dozen distinct species, we should not like to speak positively as to the species to which your pupa belongs. "The long thread-like appendage issuing from the upper surface of its abdomen, is a Hair-worm (Gordius), respecting which parasitic genus see the Answer to E. Baxter on page 57 of our First Volume. In a future article we shall illustrate this remarkable group of intestinal worms, which has long been known to infest different kinds of Catydids and Grasshoppers. The popular belief that these worms are animated horsehairs is, of course, a simple delusion. Thanks to your careful packing, the specimen reached us in excellent order.

Dahlia Stalk Borer-G. C. Broadhead, Pleasant Hill, Mo.--The two worms which were found in Dahlia stalks, and which seem to have entered when quite young and passed up, eating the pith out of the main stem," are the common Stalk Borer (Gortyna nitela, Guen.), which we have so often referred to and which we figured twice in our first volume (Figs. 11 and 140.) Parsnip Worm-Jno. Adams, Gray Corner, Maine. -The worms found by you on Parsnip last July, were the larva of the common Asterias Swallow-tail (Papilio Asterias, Cram.)

VOL. 2.

NO. 3.

It becomes our painful duty to record the death of Mr. WALSH, the Senior Editor of this Journal. The news of his demise caused many a breast to heave with unfeigned and heartfelt grief, not only in America, but in many portions of Europe; but on no one did the shock fall so suddenly and unexpectedly as on the writer.

On Friday, the 12th of November, he started in excellent spirits on his usual morning walk to the post office, and on his return, while walking toward Moline, on the track of the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, he suddenly noticed the passenger train for Chicago slowly nearing him. Stepping aside, he continued his way on what he supposed was a side-track, which however proved to be the track down which the train in reality came, though he did not discover his mistake until the engine was close upon him. He now had no time to get off the track, and with great presence of mind, flung himself bodily as far away as possible, with the intention, as he afterwards related, of saving his body at the expense of his limbs. Unfortunately his left foot got caught and terribly mangled. The engineer succeeded in stopping the train before the drive-wheels of the locomotive had touched the foot, and Mr. WALSH was taken on board and carried back to the depot, whence he was conveyed to his home. Immediately after the accident, according to his own statement, he was so unconscious of pain, that he actually did not know that his foot was smashed until he attempted to raise himself. It was a

matter of some surprise among his acquaintances, how so proverbially careful a man should allow himself to be thus overtaken; but in all probability his mind was entirely occupied and absorbed at the time, in the contents of a letter which he had opened and was reading. The engineer was ringing the bell and driving quite slowly, and it was so customary for persons to walk along the track, and step off in time, that he did not dream of stopping until it was too late. Mr. WALSH consequently took pains to publish an article exonerating him from all blame.

Doctors Galt and Truesdale were summoned to the house, and found it necessary to amputate the foot above the ankle. Mr. WALSH also insisted on this operation, which was immediately performed with great success. Mr. WALSH bore the amputation remarkably well and soon became quite cheerful, displaying his facetiousness by declaring in the most philosophical spirit, that nothing more fortunate could have happened to him. "Why," he would say to his grieving wife, "don't you see what an advantage a cork foot will be to me when I ain hunting bugs in the woods: I can make an excellent pin-cushion of it, and if perchance I lose the cork from one of my bottles, I shall simply have to cut another one out of my foot."

On the day of the amputation, he sat up in his bed and penciled to us a letter which was written in such a sanguine and cheerful mood, that we felt no apprehension as to any fatal result from the accident. This letter was the last we ever received from poor WALSH, and though written under such trying circumstances, was yet characterized by much grit and humor. It commenced with: "I have been fool enough to get my left foot smashed," and after dwelling at length on matters pertaining to the illustrating of his next State Report, concluded with: "Adieu, Yours ever, the 99th part of a man!"

For a few days he did exceedingly well, and the amputated limb commenced to heal. During these days he was quite bright and cheerful, but suddenly he grew uneasy, and it became evident that he had sustained internal injury,

probably in throwing himself so violently away from the engine. He lingered but a few days, and finally expired on Thanksgiving Day, the 18th of November. His mind was remarkably clear up to within a few hours of his death, and when the physicians informed him that his life was rapidly drawing to a close, he became perfectly calm and resigned to his fate; thanking his numerous friends over and over again for their kind attention, and declaring that he was ready to die-that he had lived beyond the average lot of mortal man, and that he ought to be, and was contented. Indeed, though not a church member, nor professing any religious faith, he met his fate with the calm dignity which befits one who has honestly labored to leave the world better for his having lived in it. During his last moments he dwelt wanderingly on entomological subjects, and finally expired so quietly that considerable time elapsed before those around him could feel assured that his spirit had really departed. On account of the severe storm which was sweeping over the Northwest at the time, and which precluded telegraphic communication, we were not permitted to be at his death bed, but those friends who were present declare that they never knew any one who bore a more perfect expression of life in death.

The funeral services took place on Sunday, the 20th, at the Baptist church in Rock Island, and the large congregation there assembled, and the unusual interest manifested, evidenced the very general respect in which Mr. WALSH Was held, and the sincere regret that was felt at his loss. In the course of some appropriate and impressive remarks that were made on this occasion by Dr. Davis, he paid the following well merited compliment to the deceased:

Mr. WALSH was the friend of social progress and of law and order; believing that all men are born free and equal, and are all entitled to certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. He was a strictly temperate man, himself abstaining totally from ardent spirits, and was decidedly opposed to their unrestrained sale or use. Clear and distinct in the formation of his sentiments, he was bold and fearless in declaring and in defending them. He has left behind him a name and a reputation that will long be remembered and respected. We shall no more behold his rapid walk along our streets, nor hear the well known tap of his staff upon our sidewalks. No longer will his vigorous motions among us bear testimony to the activity and energy of an intellect that tired not by age or was ever fatigued by constant employment.

**

Mr. WALSH came to this country a stranger from Old England-England, which, with all her faults, and faults she has, we still should

respect and love. Here his alien birth and education presented no obstacle to his progress. He asked for no peculiar privileges, he sought for no special favors. Entering the arena of life, he relied upon what he was and what an acquaintance with him would prove to others he possessed, for success and distinction.

He has not toiled in vain. Success and reputation attended him, and he has been and will be no less respected and distinguished because Old England instead of Young America, was his birth-place.

*

*

When the calamity that befel Mr. WALSH was known around, the people of this city and vicinity united in one general lamentation; and when the intelligence of his death was spread abroad, all felt that a great public loss had been sustained, a public calamity had befallen this city and land. And though he is to be borne to the grave with none but his beloved and respected wife to attend him as chief mournerall, all our hearts are dressed in the habiliments of mourning. Better, far better than to be attended to the grave by a community in mourning, though but few relations and kindred unite in the solemnities, than to be followed to the tomb with hosts of kindred and relations, enshrouded in all the pomp and circumstance of mourning, and none but they, and hardly they, to feel any loss.

This city, this community, sympathize with the bereaved, the afflicted widow, and with one heart commend her to the support and grace of that compassionate God, who has said, "Leave thy widows with me."

And thus has this truly great man in his special department of science, been abruptly taken from our midst! Inscrutable, indeed, the ways of Providence must seem, when such a man is called away at the very time of his greatest glory-the moment of his greatest success! In the prime of his intellectual vigor, and not yet beyond the age from which much might have been expected, he would doubtless, had his life been spared, have accomplished more for the good of the world, would have achieved far greater fame, and would have attained a much more exalted position during the ten years to come, than he had done in the whole past course of his life. We are not stepping beyond the bounds of truth in asserting that Mr. WALSH was one of the ablest and most thorough Entomologists of our time; and when we consider his isolation from any of the large libraries of the country, and the many other disadvantages under which he labored, we are the more astonished at the work he accomplished. He was essentially original and sui generis; everything about him was Walshian, and though he had some of those eccentricities which frequently belong to true genius, and though he made many enemies by his bold, outspoken manner, and his hatred of all forms of charlatanism; yet those best acquainted with him know what a deep

feeling, tender and generous heart lay hidden beneath the rough and uncouth exterior. Mr. WALSH leaves no offspring, nor has he any relatives in this country; but fortunately his bereaved widow, who has our heartfelt sympathies in her distress, has connections near Rock Island.

BENJAMIN DANN WALSH was born in Frome, Worcestershire, England, on the 21st of September, 1808, and was therefore in his sixty-second year. He graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and his parents intended that he should enter the ministry; but he was not theologically disposed, and naturally had such a strong hatred of hypocrisy and of everything that had the semblance of wrong, that-judging from what he has told us-the inconsistent conduct of some of the collegiates who were studying for the ministry, in all probability prejudiced him against the church. At all events his tastes and inclinations were of an entirely different character from those which are necessary to make a minister of the gospel. We can learn but ltttle, even from his wife, of his career in England, but we know that he there published a bulky pamphlet on University reforms, almost all the suggestions in which he lived to see practically carried out. He also wrote for Blackwood and other English periodicals, besides newspaper articles without end, and in 1837 published a large octavo volume in London, entitled "Walsh's Comedies of Aristophanes." This volume is in many respects remarkable, embracing as it does the "Acharians," the "Knights" and the "Clouds," translated into corresponding English metres. There are many passages in this work illustrative of that same forcible style and utilitarian logic, which so characterized his Entomological writings.

This work was to have been completed in three volumes, but, owing to some difficulty with the publishers, we believe none but this one volume was ever issued.

Mr. WALSH married in England, and came to America in 1838. All his relatives are in England, and he has yet living five sisters and three brothers. Of the latter, THOMAS WM. WALSH, M. D., still resides at Worcester; J. H. WALSH ("Stonehenge") is the present editor of the London Field, and the well-known author of one of the best works on the horse in the English language; while the third brother, F. W. WALSH, is a clergyman and schoolmaster.

Upon arriving in this country, he went into Henry county, in Illinois, and purchased a farm of three hundred acres, near Cambridge, the county seat, where he determined to retire

in great part from the world, and lead the life of a philosopher. He soon became thoroughly devoted to this country, and never once returned to England or expressed any desire to do so. He remained on the farm for upwards of thirteen years, leading a very secluded life, and associating but little with his neighbors, from the fact that there were few, if any of them, who were his equal in intellect, or could appreciate his learning. Yet he was thoroughly Democratic in his ideas, and had no false pride whatever: he did, as far as possible, all his own work, even to making his own shoes and mending his own harness. Finally, a colony of Swedes settled in his neighborhood, and, by damming up the water at Bishop Hill, produced so much miasma in the vicinity, that very much sickness prevailed there. His own health in time became impaired, and at the suggestion of M. B. Osborn, of Rock Island, he removed to that city in 1851, and entered into the lumber business. He carried on this business about seven years, during which he found time to publish much fugitive matter in newspapers, principally on political topics, always affixing his signature, and scorning even the appearance of deceit.

In politics he was a Radical Republican, hating all forms of slavery and oppression. As late as Grant's campaign he was a member of the Tanner's club of Rock Island; and we shall never forget the enjoyable hours we spent with him at some of the meetings of the club, where one forgot his real age in contemplating his unusual good spirits, activity and vigor. In 1858 he suspected that the City Council was cheating the city, and though no politician, he ran for Alderman for the express purpose of getting at the books, and of thus being enabled to investigate the matter and publish the facts. Such a course naturally made him many enemies, and he was waylaid and his life threatened; but he succeeded in getting elected, and after exposing the frauds, and thus accomplishing his purpose, he resigned. In the same year he retired from the lumber business with something of a competency, and built a row of buildings on Orleans and Exchange streets, known as "Walsh's Row."

Up to this time, though he had formerly made a small collection of insects in England, he had paid no attention to Entomology in this country. But as soon as the buildings were erected, he devoted himself entirely to this, his favorite science. Thus his Entomological career dates back scarcely a dozen years, but how faithfully and perseveringly he labored, the record of those years abundantly testifies. The first pub