can I suppose it necessary for me to vindicate my motives, either as an an individual, or as a member of a commitmittee of this House, against the aspersions of that gentleman.

[Here Mr. WRIGHT gave the floor for Mr. STEWART to explain. Mr. S. said he was not conscious of having said any thing calculated to impute improper motives to the committee. He had only supposed their views were mistaken. He was far from imputing improper motives. He had controverted the policy of the committee only.] Mr. W. continued. I will not, Mr. Speaker, violate the terms of the explanation. I am willing to believe that the gentleman is unconscious of many things he has uttered in the course of his remarks, or I am sure he would not have uttered them for the sake of the cause he professes to advocate. I shall take it for granted that he has not intended to impute improper motives, but he has said the bill was reported with a view to deceive the agri. cultural interests of this country; that the high duties proposed by the bill upon hemp, flax, wool, &c. were intended to produce a belief, among the farmers, that they would be benefitted, while the bill, in fact, could not be expected to realize their hopes.

I have said, Mr.Speaker, all I proposed to say by way of reply to the gentleman. I had not intended, and I shall not attempt any answer at length to any thing offered by him; nor shall I say any thing by way of self-defence against any of the allusions or reasoning of the honorable member.

[APRIL 8, 1828.

not the only comparison the gentleman has brought to urge us to the support of this system. He has presented us with the condition of poor, miserable, oppressed Ireland, and that too is urged as an example for our imitation. Will it be urged as good policy to reduce these States to the condition of Ireland Shall we be told that because Ireland exports more than the United States she is the more prosperous country? If not, why is the comparison introduced? I renounce this doctrine, sir, as repulsive and odious to the free people of this community. I really hope the state of Ireland may not be taken as the result of policy such as is recommended by this bill. Could I believe that such would be its tendency or its effect, could I even think it possible that this bill, or the system it pursues, would reduce this country to that situ ation, I never would vote for it. But, sir, it will not be so. The comparison is not applicable, and the argument drawn from it is not sound. Such consequences will not follow, unless the monopoly system of certain gentlemen shall be adopted.

One single observation more. The gentleman tells us that the bill, if adopted, is calculated to injure the interests of agriculture. What will be the effect of the amendment of the gentleman from Vermont, [Mr. MALLARY] and which the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. STEWART] advocates, if that is adopted? I will be to reduce the present duty upon wool. The gentleman has talked much of the necessity of protection against the skill of England. If he had been fortunate enough to have been able to keep his place in the House during this debate, or if he had read the testimony of the manufacturers, taken before the committee, he would have learned that no such protection is required; he would have seen that the protection required is against the difference in price of the raw wool, which is much cheaper abroad than it is here, and that the manufacturers swear the cloth can be made as cheap in this country as it can in England, if the wool is the same. Will the gentleman, then, protect the farmers of his District by reducing the present duly upon their wool, and thus, take away the protection they now have? Such will be the effect of the measure he

ble to the farmers of my district. Such is not the protection I will offer them

Mr. STEWART rejoined, and explained his former remarks, contending that they had been grossly misunder stood, or misapprehended.

I am already aware of the views of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, [Mr. STEWART.] He has, upon a former occasion, declared upon this foor, and in his place, that he never had, and that he never would vote against any tariff bill, or against any bill for internal improvements. Why, then, should I spend the time of the House in reasoning with him? Why should I answer his arguments against this bill, when he has told us he will not vote against any bill upon the subject? Why should I pretend to persuade him not to do what he has officially declared he never will do? No, sir, I will not so waste our time. I must, however, notice some few things he has said, and with one view only to rescue this bill, and the pro-advocates, and such protection, sir, will not be acceptaposed amendment, from the dangerous arguments of that ardent advocate. I have long been aware that there are men in this country who look back to our colonial existence with pleasure; and who would even now see many things in that condition to be preferred to our present situation. Yet, Mr. Speaker, I have been told from my Mr. OAKLEY suggested to Mr.. MALLARY, an objec childhood, and I have believed it to be true, that we tion as to the legal effect of the wording of his amend have been and are a prosperous, free, and happy people. ment, as taken in connexion with the first clause of the That has not generally been said with reference to our bill. The clause says, "that, from and after the 30th day colonial state. I now understand the gentleman, how-of June, 1828, in lieu of the duties now imposed by law, ever, to measure our prosperity by the amount of our on the importation of the articles hereinafter mentioned, exports, and to state that this trade, and consequently there shall be levied, collected, and paid, the following the balance of prosperity, is in favor of our situation as duties, that is to say," and the first paragraph of Mr. MALcolonies. The gentleman, further to convince this body LARY'S amendment, commences with these words: "On that they should sustain and support the protecting sys- all wool unmanufactured, the actual value of which, at the tem, compares our situation with that of England, and tells place whence imported, shall exceed eight cents per pound us-what? Why, that England, in one single year, rais-twenty cents per pound;" and Mr.OAKLEY contended that ed a poor fund of 30 millions. How? By means of her the effect of these two clauses taken in commexion would manufactories. For whose benefit? To support the be to abolish the existing duties on wool under eight cents. poor of England. Would the gentleman then have us to Mr. MALLARY said, that it had not been his intention transfer ourselves to that condition? Would he urge to produce such an effect, and expressed a different opin us to reduce ourselves to the necessity of raising so enor-ion from that of Mr. OAKLEY, as to the legal interpretation mous a tax, and that only for the support of our poor? of the two clauses thus connected. Such, sir, are not the arguments I would use in favor of this bill. I will ask the gentleman, are the citizens of this country, at this moment, willing to change places with the Englishman? Would they exchange their freedom, their prosperity, or even their wealth, with him? Nay, sir, would they exchange that miserable policy, as the gentleman terms it, for the policy of the British Government? No, they would not. This however, is | do now adjourn.

Mr. OAKLEY replied, and insisted that such would be the effect.

Cries for the question were now loud in all parts of the House, when

Mr. BARNARD, with a view of giving the gentleman from Vermont a fuller opportunity to examine the legal question which had been started, moved that the House

APRIL 9, 1828.]

The motion was negatived.

Tariff Bill.

And the question being then put on the amendment of Mr. MALLARE, it was rejected, by yeas and nays, as follows:

[H. OF R.

might render it impolitic that the facts of the case should at this moment be disclosed. The clause, at all events, could do no harm; and, as the gentleman from Georgia seemed unwilling to adopt his suggestion as a modification, he would move it as an amendinent.

Mr. GILMER said, that the cause of complaint in this case had already been examined into, and reported upon by the Government; and as the reasons urged by the gentleman from New Hampshire did not apply, he hoped the motion would be withdrawn.

of the charges having been brought against this Agent by the Creeks themselves.

[Here Mr. T. quoted the report.]

He said his object was to get at what these charges were, and what had been reported by the Department upon them. He thought the clause entirely superfluous. If the production of these charges would at present be injurious to the public welfare, the President, of course, would withhold them.

YEAS.-Messrs. Allen, Mass. Anderson, Pa. Bailey, Baldwin, Barber, Conn. Barker, Barnard, Barney, Bart. lett, Bartley, Bates, Mass. Beecher, Blake, Brown, Buckner, Buck, Burges, Butman, Chase, Clark, Ky. Condict, Creighton, Crowninshield, Davenport, Ohio, Davis, Mass. Dickerson, Dorsey, Dwight, Everett, Garnsey, Gorham, Healy, Hodges, Hunt, Ingersoll, Mr. THOMPSON stated, that when the resolution Jennings, Johns, Lawrence, Leffler, Letcher, Little, had been introduced some time since, inquiring into the Locke, Mallary, Markell, Martindale, Marvin, McLean, reasons of breaking a certain Indian Chief, this subject Merwin, Miner, O'Brien, Pearce, Phelps, Pierson, Plant, had been partially presented to the notice of the House; Reed, Richardson, Russell, Sloane, Smith, Indiana, but not in so distinct a manner as he could wish. The Sprague, Stewart, Strong, Storrs, Swann, Taylor, Thomp-Secretary of War, in his report to the President, speaks son, N.'J.Tracy, Tucker,N. J. Vance, Varnum, Vinton, Wales, Ward, Whipple, Whittlesey, Wilson, Pa. Silas Wood, Woods, Ohio, Woodcock, Wright, Ohio,-80. NAYS.-Messrs. Addams, Alexander, Allen, Va. Anderson, Maine, Archer, Armstrong, John S. Barbour, Phillip P. Barbour, Barlow, Barringer, Bates, Missouri, Belden, Bell, Blair, Brent, Bryan, Buchanan, Bunner, Cambreleng, Carson, Carter, Chilton, Claiborne, Clark, N. Y. Conner, Coulter, Crockett, Culpeper, Daniel, Davenport, Va. Davis, S. C. De Graff, Desha, Drayton, Duncan, Earll, Findlay, Floyd, Va. Floyd, Geo. Fort, Forward, Fry, Garrow, Gilmer, Green, Gurley, Haile, Hallock, Hall, Hamilton, Harvey, Haynes, Hobbie, Hoffman, Holmes, Isacks, Keese, King, Kremer, Lecompte, Lea, Livingston, Long, Lumpkin, Lyon, Magee, Marable, Martin, Maxwell, McCoy, McDuffie, McHatton, Mr. THOMPSON replied, that the charges he refer McIntire, McKean, McKee, Mercer, Metcalfe, Mitchell, red to had been preferred since the period to which that Pa. Mitchell, Tenn. Moore, Ky. Moore, Alabama, New- book referred. The gentleman now at the head of the ton, Nuckolls, Oakley, Orr, Owen, Polk, Ramsey, Rip-Indian Bureau had heard of them in his late Southern ley, Rives, Roane, Shepperd, Smyth, Va. Sprigg, Stan- excursion. berry, Stevenson, Pa. Sterigere, Stower, Sutherland, Thompson, Geo. Trezvant, Tucker, S. C. Turner, Van Horn, Verplanck, Washington, Weems, Wickliffe, Wilhams, John J. Wood, Wolf, Wright, N. Y. Yancey-115.

The resolution following, moved by Mr. THOMPSON, of Geo. yesterday, and laid on the table, was read: "Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to send to the House of Representatives, copies of any charges which have been preferred against the United States' Agent for the Creek tribe of Indians, since the 1st of January, 1826, with the name of the person, or persons, by whom such charges (if any) have been made; and also, that the President be requested to inform this House, whether such charges, (if made) have been inquired into by order of the President, or the Department of War, and if so, by whom, and under what instructions, and what report was made in pursu

ance thereof."

Mr. BARTLETT suggested to the gentleman from Georgia the propriety of inserting in his resolution the usual clause, "if not inconsistent with the public welfare." Mr. THOMPSON replied, that, if the thought had ever entered his mind that it could be possible that answering this call would be inconsistent with the public interest, he should have inserted such a clause when he drafted the resolution; and if the gentleman from New Hampshire would state in what manner the public interest could be injured by an answer to this call, he should have no objection to inserting the clause.

Mr. BARTLETT replied, that the resolution referred to a charge against a Public Agent, and circumstances

The question was then taken on the amendment of Mr. BARTLETT, and it was adopted.

Mr. HAILE said, that all the charges inquired for by this resolution had, as he understood, been already published, in a large book on the Georgia Question, which was before the House.

The question being put, the resolution of Mr. Tuompsox was adopted.

THE TARIFF BILL.

The House then resumed the consideration of the Ta

riff bill, together with the amendments thereto reported by the Committee of the Whole; and the question_recurring on the motion of Mr. STEVENSON, of Pennsylvania, made yesterday, to amend the bill in the 2d paragraph of the 1st section, line 10, by inserting the words "and bolt," so as to make the section read," on bar and bolt iron, made wholly or in part by rolling, thirty seven dollars per ton,"

Mr. STEVENSON briefly explained that the amendment was only intended to make the language of the bill correspond with the language of the existing law. If this should not be done, the duty on bolt iron would be repealed.

Mr. BARNEY remarked, that each succeeding morning presented a new proposition to extend the sphere of this bill. It was but yesterday that we were invoked to augment the duty on foreign spirits, annually imported into the country, one million of dollars, viz : 30 cents per gallon, on 3,300,000 gallons. By exposing to the House the amount involved in this proposition, he had contributed in reducing the tax to 15 cents, or half a million of dollars, and would esteem himself singularly fortunate, should the same successful result follow his exertions to-day.

Have we not gone far enough, Mr. Speaker, in imposing burthens on the nation?

It has been decided to augment the duty on molasses, $700,000; on spirits, $500,000; on iron, $100,000; wool and woollens, 3 to $400,000; hemp, flax, cordage, canvass, cotton bagging, steel, &c. 2 to $300,000; making an aggregate, exceeding two millions of dollars-and to benefit whom? The manufacturer? No, sir. The agricul turist, planter, farmer, mechanic, ship builder? No, sir.

H. OF R.]

Tariff Bill.

[APRIL 9, 1828.

the mechanic, the manufacturer, and the laborer, and thereby enlarge the ample possessions of the wealthy iron master.

The iron master stands alone in the benefits to be derived from our labors, to protect the interests of the country; unlike the manufacturer," who no revenue hath, save his good name;" who proves, under the solemn obliga. I am aware that there are many sceptics as to the praction of an oath, that year after year he has toiled in vain, ticability of rail roads to any beneficial extent. I was one sustaining himself in adversity with hope," which springs of them, until a personal examination of every work of eternal in the human breast," that each succeeding Con- the kind in operation in this country, removed all my gress would extend to him that protection, without doubts on this subject, and I am now under the firm conwhich, ruin must be his ultimate doom; unlike him, I re-viction, that, while we are railed at by unbelievers, we peat, we find the iron master in possession of boundless shall railway to the Ohio, that will make converts of a wealth; his forges and furnaces yielding a clear income whole nation. Sir, if rail roads and inclined planes be of thousands and tens of thousands. This is not an asser- not the screw and the lever of Archimedes, by which to tion drawn from the furnace of a heated imagination, move a world-they are destined to produce a revolution prolific in invention-as liquid metal, in a state of fusion, in this Western hemisphere that will annihilate space, is productive to the possessor-but an undeniable fact, and, by causing the lofty Alleghany to bow its head to the which the gentlemen from Pennsylvania must admit, from supremacy of human ingenuity--bring the waters of the their own knowledge of the princely estates enjoyed by Ohio in such close proximity to the Atlantic, that the prodistinguished individuals in that Commonwealth. ducts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Indies, discharged one day on the shores of the Chesapeake, shall, before the next setting sun be deposited on the banks of the Ohio, and thus Cincinnati, the Queen of the West, be. come emphatically a seaport town. And now to the proof. In England, more than two thousand miles are in successful operation-a late English paper states;

This additional duty appears entirely gratuitous, thrown in as a make weight, not to buy golden opinions from all men, but to propitiate votes, in favour of the most ironhearted bill that ever engrossed the attention of a delibe. rate body, for six successive weeks. Sir, the recklessness of consequences, with which it proposes to scuttle ships, is only surpassed by the ferocity with which it resolves to slaughter sheep. Already is every bolt, rope, and nail, used in ship building, taxed to the utmost farthing that commerce can bear, and still we must go on inventing new sources of imposition.

In the construction of a ship of 300 tons, the following quantity of iron is required, viz. for fitting and rigging, 6,470 lbs. ; anchors, 4, 100 lbs.; chain cable, of 90 fathoms, and fixtures, 9,500 lbs. ; spikes, 9,000 lbs. ; bolts, 10,000 lbs. ; and if iron fastened, 4,600 lbs. additional; making in all 43,670 lbs. The minutes of evidence by which we are impelled to action, prove, in answer to queries addressed to Mr. Joseph Jackson, of New Jersey, page 33, that the business of making iron has increased within the last two or three years--new works have been erected, and a few of the old been revived-and the Hon. Richard Keese testifies, that, in the State of New York, several important establishments, erected during the war, and subsequently declined, have, within two or three years, revived again very considerably, and new works been

erected.

In South Carolina, from Charleston to Hamburg, and Augusta.

In New York, from Albany to Boston,and Schenectady. Catskill to Ithaca and Owego-from the Deleware and Hudson Canal to the Lakawaxen Coal Mines.

In Massachusetts, from the Quincy quarries to navigable water, 3 miles in extent, already completed.

In New Jersey, from the Delaware to the Raritan. In Pennsylvania, from Mauch Chunk Coal Mountains, to the Lehigh River, now in successful operation, and many others projected and sanctioned by Legislative en

⚫ctment.

A new Railway, of 25 miles, from the Collieries in Dur. ham County to London, was opened in the beginning of October. A coach with the committee, 21 wagons with passengers, and 12 wagons with coal, weighing altoge ther, about 90 tons, were attached to a locomotive en. gine built by Mr. J. Stephenson, and the immense train travelled at the rate of about eight miles an hour! There were nearly six hundred passengers.

Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway.-The formal opening of that stupendous work, which effects a communication between the port of Stockton and the coal field in the interior parts of this county, took place on Tuesday last. About 8 o'clock, thirteen wagons, twelve of them laden with two tons of coal each, and the other with sacks of flour, the whole covered with people, were drawn up the inclined plane at Brusselton, in admirable style. This inclined plane is 3,000 yards, or above a mile and a half long, yet, by means of the two powerful steam engines erected at its top, (each being thrty horse power,) the wagons, with their immense load, were drawn up in eight minutes, by a patent rope, in one piece, which extends the whole length. After remaining a short time at the top of the inclined plane, the wagons de scended the other side of the hill from the permanent engine, and took their station on the level below. From the Helton collieries to the town of Sunderland, on a rail road of 7 miles, an elevation and depression of 812 feet is overcome with perfect ease. On the Peak Forrest and Bromford road, the ascent and descent exceeds 1700 feet. The Manchester and Liverpool rail road is in rapid progress, as will be seen by the following statement:

A tem.

"The work proceeds with spirit and success porary railway has just been laid over the whole length of the Moss, (a Morass at Chatmoss,) which serves to bring on the materials, and to convey the work people and superintendents with great facility. Every morning and evening the wagons are seen hurrying along; a single man will convey, by this means, eight or ten of his fel. low workmen, at the rate of six miles an hour, with ease, and, one active fellow, more swift of foot than his com In Maryland, one from Baltimore to the Ohio, another panions, last week pushed a wagon containing ten pas to the Susquehannah, at York Ilaven, a third to this city, sengers, across the Moss, a distance of four miles and a and a fourth from the Chesapeake to the Delaware Bay-half, in the short period of thirty minutes." requiring at least one hundred thousand tons of iron, This work was undertaken alongside of, and in compe which cannot be obtained in this country without delay. tition with, the celebrated canal of the Duke of Bridge. ing the completion of those important works for many water, which annually produces a net revenue of 800 years, and which, when obtained, must have the effect to 100,000 pounds sterling, near half a million of dollars, raise the price of every ploughshare, axe, spade, shovel, and with a knowledge that he has it in his power to pick, and hammer, required by the planter, the farmer, duce the tolls to one-tenth of their present rates;

it is

fearlessly undertaken, confident of success, notwithstand. ing the extensive Morass just alluded to, and the locali. ties of Liverpool, which being surrounded by lofty hills, renders it necessary to tunnel more than two miles, so that the train of cars pass under the town, and, without entering its streets, discharge their loads on the quay along side of the ships destined to receive them. The time required on the canal is 36 hours--on the rail road but 34. On the Leeds road, each locomotive engine propels 27 wagons, carrying 90 tons, or two hundred and one thousand six hundred pounds.

Mr. B. then proceeded to state to the House the result of his own observations in the United States, with the exception of the rail way car at Charleston, South Carolina, which is thus described :

[H. OF R.

Inishes the pressure on the wheels, and, thus regulating their revolutions, travels at the rate of one, two, ten, or twenty miles an hour, or stops entirely, at will; and, by the same process, a train of pleasure wagons, containing thirty or forty persons, fly through the air, the conductor seated in front, regulating their speed by the pressure of his foot on a board, which communicates with the wheels. These are facilities afforded in a descending course. ascend, a single horse, by way of experiment, has drawn up twenty-seven persons; but the usual number is fourteen, with which he travels six or seven miles an hour, with less fatigue and exertion than, on an ordinary turnpike, two persons are conveyed.

Το

The effect on the price of transportation is to reduce the rates 5-6th; that is, a ton of coal which previously "Rail way Car.-In consequence of the disappoint-cost 60 cents, is now transported for 10 cents; and it is ment expressed by several citizens, who had not witness- contemplated to reduce this rate by constructing a paraled the car in motion with a load of cotton, arrangements lel track, on a range of mountains behind the present are made to exhibit its operations a few days longer. The road, which, declining in the direction of the coal works, car weighs upwards of one ton, and is now loaded with will enable the empty wagons, after being elevated by 47 bales of cotton, averaging in weight upwards of 300 water-power to its summit, to descend by their own grapounds each. The road, commencing on Wentworth vity, and thus horses be dispensed with altogether. street, ascends, during the first 90 feet, in the proportion of 22 feet per mile. The remainder is on a level. It requires 16 horses, 16 drays, and 16 hands to convey the cotton to the spot; yet, one car, one horse, and one hand, ia addition to the weight of the car, is sufficient to move The committee, after a careful examination of this it with facility. The total weight, including the car, is work, do not hesitate to state to the Board, that it is on between 15 and 16,000 weight; notwithstanding, a single so simple a plan, that mechanics of ordinary skill would horse draws it with apparently less exertion and fatigue, be fully competent to the construction of one similar, and than either of the 16 horses employed to bring it up, un-in every respect equal to it, at the same time it appears derwent."

Three distinguished and intelligent citizens, interested in the success of rail-roads, having made an able report on the subject, Mr. BARNEY submitted the following, in exemplification of his remarks:

to be extremely well adapted to the object for which it At Salem, there has been in operation, for several years, was intended. The loaded wagons, each carrying 14 an inclined plane, by which a brig of 200 tons is, in the tons of coal, descend in brigades of 6, 8, or 10, connectspace of a few minutes, drawn out of the water, by a sin-ed together by iron chains, each brigade being attended gle horse, with masts and spars standing, and placed on her appropriate position, on land, to undergo the neces sary repairs of caulking, sheathing, &c. In Boston and New York three horses are found sufficient to accomplish the same object, with ships of the largest class, which must be considered an almost incredible exertion of power.

On the Genesee river, near Carthage, where the elevation is 250 feet, the ascent over the tops of forest trees, a single horse elevates and descends twenty barrels of salt and twenty of flour, at the same moment. At the citadel of Cape Diamond, on the St. Lawrence, near Quebec, the British are constructing most extensive works, calculated to make that fortress as impregnable as the Rock of Gibraltar; and, to carry up the necessary materials, an inclined plane ascends three hundred and forty-eight feet; the cars appear from the river to be creeping up a dead wall, so perpendicular are its banks.

On the rail road at the Quincy Quarries, one horse draws twenty two tons, and such has been the effect of this operation, on the prices of building materials, that a house can now be constructed of solid granite, of which there are several in Boston, and the cost does not exceed brick at four dollars per thousand.

by two men These wagons descend from the summitlevel to the top of the inclined plane at the river, a distance of 8 miles, in 30 minutes, exclusive of a few mi nutes consumed in greasing the wheels on the route.

On arriving at the inclined plane, the loaded wagons are let down, one at a time, by a rope, worked upon a horizontal shaft, which is regulated by a powerful brake, and each loaded wagon as it descends, draws up an emp ty one. In this manner they pass a loaded wagon down, and an empty one up the inclined plane, each travelling a distance of 700 feet in 45 seconds, which is at the rate of 12 miles an hour, and the operation seems to be performed with great ease and safety.

The empty wagons are returned to the coal mine by horses, each horse drawing from 3 to 4 of them up in 3 hours, that is, at the rate of 3 miles an hour, and each wagon weighing from 1200 to 1500 lbs. The average acclivity of the road, including the whole distance, from the top of the inclined plane, being about one degree. ❤

The committee were taken up the road by one horse, drawing an empty wagon, and two cars conveying 14 persons, the whole weighing about 23 tons, at the rate of 4 miles an hour, and they descended in the same cars, with the same persons, in 45 minutes, (exclusive of the The Mauch Chunk rail road was commenced and com- time lost by detention, from meeting wagons returning pleted last Spring. It is nine miles in extent, leading to the mine.) Part of the time the cars, for a short dis from the coal mountains to the Lehigh river, and over. tance, ran by their own gravity, at the rate of more than comes, in this nine miles, an elevation of three hundred 20 miles an hour, and they ran one entire mile in 3 mifeet more than the Erie Canal, in three hundred and six-nutes and 15 seconds, which is at the rate of 18 miles ty two miles, where the whole elevation and depression is but six hundred and eighty six feet.

Nothing can surpass the astonishment of a traveller, on beholding a train of ten or eleven wagons, each carrying a ton and a half of coal, gliding down the side of a mountain, propelled by the power of gravity, and controlled in its velocity by a single individual, who sits in the sixth car, with check-strings, attached to pegs on a cross bar, in front of him, by means of which he increases or dimi

an hour; on ather parts of the road, where there are sharp turns, or but little descent, the speed of the cars was reduced to 4, or even 3 miles an hour.

I am aware that many of the benefits anticipated from rail-roads have already been accomplished by canals. But the one possesses this indisputable advantage over the other; and in the comparison which I am about to draw, I avow the most friendly disposition towards a great and important work which has long engrossed the attention

H. OF R.]

Tariff Bill.

[APRIL 9, 1828.

Mr. CONDICT replied, and explained that they were sometimes made from hammered and sometimes from rolled iron.

of this House, and undergone a thorough investigation by some of its most distinguished members. I allude to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. I look upon that proMr. MERCER, apprehending that his silence might be ject as not only rational, but easy of accomplishmentconnected with a rail-road on the middle section, let ca- considered as an acquiescence in what Mr. BARNEY had nals, on each side, be constructed to the base of the said, as to the relative advantages of canals and railroads, mountains, and then, in conformity with the plan of the expressed his dissent from this part of that gentleman's Board of Engineers, the rail-road connect them together. speech, but expressed himself as very friendly to rail But it is self-evident, that rail-roads possess decided ad- roads. He opposed the duty on iron, as operating not to prepare the nation for war, but, on the contrary, im. vantages. In all the valleys contiguous to, or shaded by moun-pair its resources for that emergency. tains, the navigation is obstructed by ice, from the month of November to the middle of April, embracing that precise period of the year, when the leisure of the farmer enables him to send his produce to market-and freshets in the spring, exhausting the resources of all mountain torMr. MALLARY now moved the following amendment, rents, leave them, in midsummer, a diminished stream, scarcely sufficient to float a feather, or to drown a fly-on which he demanded the yeas and nays, and they were ordered by the House : while a rail-road can be used every month in the year.

The question was then taken on the amendment of Mr. STEVENSON, and decided affirmatively, by yeas and nays :-Yeas 117-Nays 71.

So the House determined to extend the duty to bolt iron.

"Strike out of 2d section from the 1st to the 6th paragraph To canal across lofty mountains must be considered as a physical impossibility. It is at their base that an ade-inclusive, and insert: quate supply of water can ever be found-to search for it at their summit, is to look to the Heavens, and depend on the clouds: for, on no other dependence can you rely.

1st. On all unmanufactured wool 40 per cent. ad valorem, until the 30th June, 1829, afterwards five per cent, per annum in addition, until the duty shall amount to fifty per cent. “2d. All manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a component material, except blankets, worsted stuff goods, If the despots of Europe and of Asia, with the resour-bombazines, hosiery, caps, gloves, mits, and bindings, the acces of Empires at their unlimited control, with a dense tual value of which, at the place whence imported, shall not population and myriads of famished subjects, willing to exceed fifty cents the square yard, shall be taken and deemed labor for a groat a day, have not been able to complete to have cost fifty cents the square yard, and charged with a any canal where the summit level has exceeded 700 feet duty to be paid and collected, of forty per cent. on such cost, above tide water, it cannot be anticipated that, in this until the 31st day of June, 1829-after which time, five per Republic, where there can be no forced contributions of cent. per annum in addition, until the duty shall amount to either labor or money, that a scheme, involving an ele- fifty per cent. vation of 2,400 feet, embracing an expenditure of twentyeight millions, can ever be accomplished by voluntary contribution ; or that the resources of the nation can be levied on, to make the experiment.

3. All manufactures of wool, or of which woo! shall be a component material, (excepting as aforesaid) the actual value of which, at the place wheure imported, shall exceed fifty cents the square yard, and shall not exceed two dollars and fifty cents the square yard, shall be deemed to have cost two dollars and It is contemplated to transport travellers on the rail-fifty cents the square yard, and charged with the amount of road, at the rate of three cents per mile-in England duty on such cost, and in the manner as is in this section bethey pay one penny sterling, or two cents. Flour, which fore provided. now costs 14 per barrel, will be transported for one dollar and twenty-five cents, and the mail, which requires 4 days, will be delivered in 30 hours-while the greatest profitable speed, on a canal, cannot exceed 3 to 4 miles an hour. I wish to be understood by the word profitable, that, to travel at a faster rate, would be destructive to its banks-on a rail-road, the momentum being given, the requisite amount of draft-power diminishes as the motion is accelerated, until it attains the rate of 13 miles an hour, and becomes almost nothing; a car moving at this velocity resembles the vessel in the Games of Eneas, and is borne along by its own impetus.

Should I have trespassed unreasonably on the attention of the House, my apology must be found in the interest of my immediate constituents, and the nation at large, in the success of the undertading, which this bill most deeply compromises. The present duty on iron, drilled and bored as is required, is 25 per cent. on its cost, of 9 to £10 sterling, equal to about $10 per ton-the proposed duty is $37 per ton, and the consequent increase on 15,000 tons, required by the Company, amounts to the enormous sum of four hundred and five thousand dollars, which, unless the Government should remit in whole or in part, is calculated to paralyze the exertions of the Company, and retard, if not to arrest forever, this great work-so justly the pride of its projectors.

Mr. CONDICT spoke briefly in reply, and in defence of the amendment, concluding his remarks by a demand for the yeas and nays; which were ordered by the

House.

Mr. WHIPPLE thought the amendment useless, as bolts, he believed, were usually made from hammered iron.

“4th. All manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a component material, except as aforesaid, the actual value of which, at the place whence imported, shall exceed two dollars and fifty cents, and not exceed four dollars the square yard, shall be deemed to have cost four dollars the square yard, and be charged with the amount of duty on such cost, and in the manner as is in this section before provided.

"5th. All manufactures of wool, or of which wool shall be a component material, except as aforesaid, the actual value of which, at the place whence imported, shall exceed four dol lars the square yard, and shall not exceed six dollars the square yard, shall be taken and deemed to have cost six dollars the square yard, and be charged with the amount of duty, and in the manner as is in this section before provided. “6th. All manufactures of wool, or of which wool is a com ponent material, except as aforesaid, the actual value of which at the place whence imported, shall exceed six dollars the square yard, shall he charged with the amount of duty, and in the manner as in this section before provided.”

Mr. BUCHANAN moved the following amendment to that just offered by Mr. MALLARY :

"Strike out after the word " bindings," in the 2nd paragraph, and insert:

Instead of the present duty of 33 1-3 per cent. ad valorem, a duty of 40 per cent. ad valorem, until the 30th day of June, 1829, and after that time, a duty of 5 per cent. per ano num, in addition, until the whole amount of duty shall be 50 per cent. ad valorem: Provided, That all manufactures of wool, except flannels and baizes, the actual value of which, at the place whence imported, shall not exceed 33 1-3 cents per square yard, shall, instead of the present duty of 25 per cent. ad valorem, be charged with a duty of 30 per cent. ad valo rem, until the 30th day of June, 1829, and, after that time, a duty of 5 per cent. per annum, in addition, until the whole amount of duty shall be 40 per cent. ad valorem."

Mr. BUCHANAN advocated his amendment in a short