tion, and related projects. Local flood control and protection projects comprise channel improvements, levees, floodwalls, reservoirs, and other protective works. State and local governments may participate in surveys and construction and may receive technical assistance, reimbursement for specified types of outlays, and other Federal aid.

For some improvements, States and political subdivisions or other local agencies provide lands, easements, and rights-of-way and agree to provide maintenance and operation after completion. In these cases, if the State or local agency expenditures exceed the estimated construction cost, the Federal Government may reimburse the local agency for half of its excess expenditures over the estimated construction cost. The State or local government contribution may be used to acquire necessary lands, easements, and rights-of-way outside the benefited State. Where 75 percent or more of the benefits accrue to property outside the State in which the project is located, the State or local agencies are not required to assure future maintenance and operation of the works.

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315.)

BEACH EROSION CONTROL AND SHORE PROTECTION

The Corps of Engineers of the Department of the Army investigates problems of shore erosion in cooperation with appropriate agencies of the States and may share in the cost of constructing works of restoration and protection. The broad purposes are to prevent damage to the shores by waves and currents and to promote and encourage healthful recreation.

The authorization for studies and financial participation relates to shorelines of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, and lakes, estuaries, and bays directly connected therewith.

Cooperative studies.-Studies of shore erosion control and prevention may be made in States which provide for cooperation and contribute funds or services as required by the Secretary of the Army. The administrative requirement is that the State or local interests meet one-half of the cost of the investigation. Information obtained in these studies may be released to cooperating agencies prior to its formal transmission to Congress.

Financed entirely by the Federal Government are surveys of particular shore areas authorized by resolutions of the congressional Committees on Public Works. Also financed wholly by the Federal Government are general investigations, made by the Coastal Engineering Research Center of the Corps of Engineers, into the prevention of shore erosion and methods of protecting, restoring, and developing beaches.

Construction grants.-Federal contributions for construction are subject to specific congressional authorization for each project, except for small projects in which the Federal share is not more than $400,000. Congressional action on any project is preceded by an engineering study. The engineers' report for each project includes, among other recommendations, an opinion as to what share of expense, if any, should be borne by the Federal Government.

Costs allocated to restoration and protection of Federal property are borne fully by the Federal Government. For other portions of any project, the Federal contribution may not exceed one-half of the cost, with the remainder paid by the State, municipality, or other political subdivision in which the project is located. In the discretion of the Chief of Engineers, the Federal contribution may be increased to as much as 70 percent, exclusive of land costs, where the affected area includes various special features.

For small projects not individually authorized by Congress but otherwise complying with statutory specifications, the Corps of Engineers may finance the Federal share from appropriations for civil works. The maximum allowance for all such projects in any fiscal year is $3 million. The Federal share for any single project may not exceed $400,000 and must suffice to complete the Federal participation, including any periodic sandfills.

Nonpublic shores may share in the Federal assistance if there is a benefit to the public either from use of the shore or from protection of nearby public property, or if private shore benefits are incidental to the project.

Federal assistance for maintenance is not authorized, but the term "construction" may be construed to include deposits of sandfill at suitable intervals in cases where periodic beach nourishment would provide the most suitable and economical remedial measure.

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315.)

PARK AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AT WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

PROJECTS

The Chief of Engineers, under supervision of the Secretary of the Army, is authorized to provide for public park and recreational facilities at water resource development projects under control of the Department. He may construct, maintain, and operate public park and recreational facilities, or he may grant leases of lands, including structures and facilities thereon, upon terms and for purposes which he deems reasonable in the public interest.

Preference is given to State, local, or Federal governmental agencies. Licenses or leases may be given to such agencies without charge for use of all or part of a project area for a public purpose. Where a lease or license to a State, local, or Federal governmental agency involves lands to be used for the development and conservation of fish and wildlife, forests, and other natural resources, the licensee or lessee may be authorized to cut timber and harvest crops, using the proceeds for development, conservation, maintenance, and utilization of the lands.

Leases to nonprofit organizations for park or recreational purposes also are authorized, with reduced or nominal charges in consideration of the public services to be rendered.

In all such projects, where the Secretary of the Army determines that the public interest permits, water areas must be open to public use generally and without charge, for boating, swimming, fishing and other recreational purposes. Ready access along the shores must

be maintained for general public use. prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.

Rules and regulations are

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315.)

WATER RESERVOIRS

In connection with the construction, maintenance, and operation of Federal navigation, flood control, irrigation, or multiple-purpose projects, the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, and the Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, are authorized to cooperate with States and local interests in developing water supplies for domestic, municipal, industrial, and other purposes.

Before work begins on construction or modification of a project which includes water supply provisions, the affected States or local interests are required to agree to pay equitably for the cost of the water supply provisions. The maximum term for recovering project costs is 50 years from the time when the project is first used for storage for water supply purposes.

Part of the cost may be allocated to anticipated future demands in instances where States or local interests give reasonable assurances, and there is reasonable evidence, that demands for use of the storage will be made within a period which will permit paying out, within the life of the project, the costs allocated to water supply. Not more than 30 percent of the total estimated cost of a project may be allocated to anticipated future demands for water supply storage. Where such an allocation is made, payments need not be made with respect to storage for future water supply until the supply is first used, and interest on the investment is not charged until that time. However, the interest-free period may not exceed 10 years.

The interest rate used in computing construction costs and annual charges is based on the average rate payable by the Treasury for outstanding marketable public obligations issued for a term of 15 years or longer.

Congressional approval is required for major changes in structural or operational plans of previously authorized reservoir projects.

Although the scheduled payout period may not extend more than 50 years, the rights of States or local interests continue beyond that limit during the existence of the facility, as long as space designated for water supply storage purposes is physically available. Where siltation requires adjustments in storage capacities, the changes will be apportioned among the purposes served. States or local interests will continue to be assessed for annual operating and maintenance costs allocated to water supply and may be called upon to share in reconstruction, rehabilitation, or replacement costs.

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315. Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240.)

FLOOD CONTROL LANDS: REVENUE SHARING

Of moneys received by the Federal Government on account of leases of lands which it has acquired for flood control, navigation, and allied purposes, including the development of hydroelectric power, threefeths is paid at the end of each fiscal year to the State in which the

property is situated, for expenditure as the legislature may prescribe for the benefit of public schools and roads of the county or counties in which the land is situated. The proceeds may be applied in pay ment of public obligations of levee and drainage districts for flood control and drainage improvements. Matching is not required.

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315.)

FLOOD EMERGENCIES

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is authorized to use an emergency fund in flood emergency preparation, flood fighting, and rescue operations, or in the repair and restoration of flood control works threatened or destroyed by flood. Appropriations for flood control may also be allotted, up to a limit of $1 million a year and $50,000 at any single locality in any year, for the construction of emergency bank-protection works to prevent flood damage to highways, bridge approaches, and public works.

State or local matching is generally not required. However, where flood control works need to be raised, extended, or otherwise modified because of recent or threatened floods, local governments or other local interests are required to provide necessary lands, easements, and rights-of-way and to maintain and operate the works after completion.

(Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Washington, D.C., 20315.)

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Grants to the States help finance vocational education. This is defined as vocational or technical training or retraining, given in schools or classes under public supervision and control or under contract with a State board or local educational agency. The training must be part of a program designed to fit individuals for gainful employment as semiskilled or skilled workers or technicians in recognized occupations, other than those generally considered professional or requiring a baccalaureate or higher degree. Vocational education includes related guidance and counseling and the training of teachers and other personnel for vocational education.

A major revision of the Federal statute, enacted late in 1963 (Public Law 88-210, approved December 18, 1963) broadened Federal financial assistance substantially by adding new authorizations and expanding existing programs. The earlier law imposed categorical distinctions and limitations on federally assisted vocational education programs; the new legislation relaxes these limitations and provides additional aid without limitation to particular occupational fields.

The purpose of the Federal grants is declared to be assistance to the States in maintaining, extending, and improving existing vocational education programs, to develop new programs, and to provide parttime employment for youths who need the earnings to continue their vocational training on a full-time basis. The objective stated in the

law is that persons of all ages in all communities of the State-those in high school, those who have completed or discontinued their formal education and are preparing to enter the labor market, those already in the labor market who need to upgrade their skills or learn new ones, and those with special educational handicaps--will have ready access to vocational training or retraining. This training, the statute declares, is to be of high quality, realistic in the light of actual or anticipated opportunities for gainful employment, and suited to the needs, interests, and abilities of these persons to benefit from such training.

Subject to amendments included in the Vocational Education Act of 1963, Federal grants continue to be available for State programs of vocational education under earlier laws (chiefly the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 and George-Barden Act of 1946). Adjustments to provide a broader range of training opportunities and to serve a larger segment of the population may be spread over a period of several years in many States and communities. The following statement, therefore, describes the terms under which Federal aid is offered under new provisions enacted in the Vocational Education Act of 1963 and also the continuing provisions of the earlier programs as amended and extended by the new legislation.

For purposes of vocational education grants, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa are counted as States.

Federal payments are made in advance, in installments, and are subject to adjustments for overpayments or underpayments.

Allotments to States. Of the annual Federal appropriations authorized for vocational education (exclusive of work-study programs and residential schools), 90 percent is allotted among States on the basis of population in various age groups weighted by a factor representing relative levels of personal income per capita in the respective States. This factor is designated as the "allotment ratio" for the State. It is determined by comparing average personal income per capita in the State with the average for all States and is highest for those States with the lowest average income. The allotment ratio is not less than 0.4 or more than 0.6 and is specified at 0.6 for Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

The allotment is made in four parts, as follows:

(a) Half of the appropriation is prorated among States in proportion to numerical weights determined by multiplying the population aged 15 to 19, inclusive, in each State by the State's "allotment ratio." The minimum amount for each State is $10,000.

(b) Twenty percent of the appropriation is prorated among the States in proportion to numerical weights determined by multiplying the population aged 20 to 24, inclusive, in each State by the State's "allotment ratio."

(c) Fifteen percent of the appropriation is prorated among the States in proportion to numerical weights determined by multiplying the population aged 25 to 65, inclusive, in each State by the State's "allotment ratio."

(d) Five percent of the appropriation is prorated among the States in proportion to the sum of their respective allotments under paragraphs (a), (b), and (c), above.