$ 26.5-1 all motor vessels after April 25, 1940, which use gasoline as fuel, shall be fitted with an approved device for arresting backfire. VENTILATION § 26.5-1 Where required. All motor vessels which are constructed or decked over after April 25, 1940, and which use gasoline or other liquid fuel having a flash point of less than 110° F., shall be provided with ventilation as follows: (a) At least two ventilators fitted with cowls or their equivalent for the purpose of properly and efficiently ventilating the bilges of every engine and fuel-tank compartment in order to remove any inflammable or explosive gases. (b) Motor vessels constructed so that the greater portion of the bilges under the engine and fuel tanks are open and exposed to the natural atmosphere at all times are not required to be fitted with ventilators. types of fire extinguishers may be substituted according to the following schedule: One 21⁄2-gallon foam-type is equivalent to one 15-pound carbon-dioxide (CO2) type or two 1-quart carbon-tetrachloride type. § 27.3-2 Substitutions. No reduction in the number of extinguishers required by Table III will be allowed by the substitution of extinguishers of the same type of greater capacity. Fire extinguishers of approved types of less capacity are allowable when their content equals or exceeds the required quantity of extinguishing agent. § 27.3-3 Machinery spaces and tank spaces. In addition to the extinguishers required by Table III the machinery spaces of all vessels propelled by internal combustion engines shall be equipped as follows: (a) One extinguisher of the type specified in § 27.3-1 for each 1,000 brake horsepower of the main engines or fraction thereof. However, not more than six such extinguishers need be carried. (b) All vessels of more than 300 gross tons, regardless of the flash point of fuel used, and all vessels of 300 gross tons and under using fuel having a flash point of above 110° F., shall be provided with a 12-gallon foam-type or a 35-pound carbon-dioxide-type fire extinguisher for fighting fire in the machinery space. (c) All vessels using fuel having a flash point of 110° F. and lower and all vessels of more than 300 gross tons regardless of the flash point of the fuel used shall be fitted with an approved carbon dioxide fixed system in the machinery space. In addition all vessels using a fuel having a flash point of 110° F. and lower shall be fitted with an approved carbon dioxide fixed system in the fuel tank space. (d) When a donkey boiler fitted to burn oil as fuel is located in a machinery space, there shall be substituted for the 12-gallon foam-type or 35-pound carbondioxide (CO,) unit required in paragraph (b) of this section one approved 40-gallon foam-type or one approved 100-pound carbon-dioxide (CO2) type which shall be a permanently installed single unit which may by simple means and by a single operator be rapidly put into operation. They shall be equipped with suitable hose and nozzles on reels or other practicable means easily accessible and of sufficient length to reach any part of the spaces protected. 819607-49- -7 (e) In machinery spaces of vessels of over 300 gross tons, which contain electric propelling motors and generators of the open type at least one 15-pound carbon-dioxide (CO2) extinguisher shall be provided for each such electric propelling motor and generating unit. (f) Small compartments of vessels of over 300 gross tons containing auxiliary internal-combustion engines such as emergency generators shall, in addition to any other extinguishers required, be provided with one approved 15-pound carbon-dioxide (CO2) or 22-gallon foam-type extinguisher for each such compartment. This extinguisher shall be located outside of and adjacent to the entrance of the compartment. (g) Fixed carbon-dioxide (CO1) smothering systems shall be arranged to discharge into the lower part of the space protected. The control releasing the gas shall be located in a position outside the space(s) protected and readily accessible when under way. The apparatus furnishing the carbon-dioxide supply shall not be located in the compartment which its discharge outlets protect unless there is no other desirable location available. The quantity of carbon dioxide provided shall be sufficient to flood all protected spaces simultaneously. The whole charge of gas shall be capable of being released simultaneously to all spaces protected by operating the control. All cylinders shall be completely discharged in not more than 2 minutes. The arrangement of the piping shall be such as to give a general and fairly uniform distribution over the entire area protected. When the space protected is part of or directly adjoins spaces where passengers are carried or may congregate, or quarters for crew, or spaces where crew may be stationed or employed, and where the arrangement is such that the discharge of the gas would constitute a hazard, an alarm shall be fitted to the system which will operate simultaneously with the operation of the release control. Screening nozzles shall be provided for all openings which would admit air in such quantities into the lower parts of the space protected as to impair materially the smothering effect. (h) The quantity of gas required is to be based on the gross volume of the space protected. Where bilges are open or communicating to more than one space, such spaces, together with bilge, shall Carbon dioxide (in lbs.) 7.5 10 1 and not over 5.. 6 and not over 10.. 11 and not over 20. 21 and not over 30. 31 and not over 40. 15 41 and not over 50. 20 25 35 6,000-50,000---for each 1,000 cu. ft__ Above 50,000__for each 1,100 cu. ft. 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 50 50 The quantity of gas required for a fixed system on vessels using fuel having a flash point above 110° F. shall be as determined by the following formula: L x B x D W = 22 Where W the weight of CO required in pounds. L the length of machinery space in feet. B-breadth of the machinery space in feet. D-distance in feet from tank top or flat forming lower boundary to the underside of deck forming the hatch opening. (i) Such system shall be in working condition and ready for instant use at all times while passengers are on board. (j) Cylinders, piping, and controls shall be protected from damage and be securely fastened and supported. (k) The Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, shall determine, at least annually, the quantity of gas available for Where use by weighing the cylinders. weight of CO2 in any cylinder is more than 10 percent deficient, the cylinder shall be recharged or replaced. [6 F. R. 86, as amended by Order 138, 6 F. R. 4258, and at 9 F. R. 14343, 10 F. R. 13272] § 27.3-4 Vessels carrying motor vehicles. All motorboats or motor vessels which transport automobiles or motor vehicles shall carry, in addition to any other extinguishers required by the regulations in Parts 24-28 of this chapter approved carbon-dioxide, foam-type or (b) Table IV-A is based upon, in the case of carbon-dioxide or foam-type extinguishers, 15-pound carbon-dioxide units and 21⁄2-gallon foam-type units. In the case of the carbon-tetrachloride type, each extinguisher is to have a capacity of 1 quart. (c) These requirements may be reduced to 25 percent but not less than one of either when an efficient overhead water-sprinkling system, a carbon-dioxide or a foam-type system with sufficient hose to reach all parts of the deck where automobiles or motor vehicles are carried is installed, said systems to be installed in accordance with drawings or blueprints and specifications approved by the Coast Guard District Commander having original jurisdiction. When a vessel is provided with enough fire extinguishers to take care of all the automobiles or motor vehicles that can be carried, no extra fire extinguishers shall be required for any number of motorcycles carried. [6 F. R. 86, as amended at 11 F. R. 9806] § 27.3-5 Location and condition. Fire extinguishers shall be at all times kept in condition for immediate and effective use and shall be so placed as to be readily accessible. § 27.3-6 Inspection. At least annually all fire extinguishers shall be checked under the supervision of the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection, as follows: (b) Foam-type extinguishers. Discharge, thoroughly wash out, and recharge in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. (c) Carbon-tetrachloride extinguishers. Examine and operate (fluid may be discharged into clean, dry glass or porcelain container and returned to extinguisher.) [6 F. R. 86, as amended at 9 F. R. 14343] § 27.3-7 Existing equipment. Approved types of portable fire extinguishers now on board vessels subject to the regulations in Parts 24-28 of this chapter and which are of the carbon-dioxide, foam, or carbon-tetrachloride type may be continued in use. All motorboats and motor vessels will be required to have on board the extinguishers and extinguishing equipment required by the regulations in Parts 24-28 of this chapter by April 25, 1941, except that motor vessels of over 300 gross tons will not be required to be fitted with fixed carbon-dioxide smothering systems until after April 24, 1943. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS USING LIQUID FUELS STORED AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE AND HAVING FLASH POINTS OF 110° F. OR LOWER SOURCE: §§ 27.4-1 to 27.4-4 appear at 10 F. R. 13272. § 27.4-1 Machinery and exhaust pipe. All installations shall be of marine type engines designed for rugged service. The following requirements shall govern all installations and be effective on new vessels or vessels converted to passenger service for the first time, construction of which is commenced on or after December 1, 1945, and to all existing vessels in so far as practicable: (a) Drip collectors under carburetors. All carburetors, except the down draft type, shall have integral therewith or properly connected thereto, a drip collector of adequate capacity which shall be so arranged as to permit ready removal of fuel leakage and to prevent such leakage from reaching the bilge. Drip collectors shall be covered with flame screens. (b) Backfire flame arrestors. All carburetors of every engine installed on all motorboats and motor vessels after April 25, 1940, shall be fitted with approved backfire flame arrestors and air intakes shall be so directed that backfire cannot blow down into the bilge. (c) Exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold shall either be water jacketed and cooled by discharge from a pump which operates whenever the engine is running or woodwork within 9 inches shall be protected by 8 inch asbestos board covered with not less than #22 USSG galvanized sheet iron or non-ferrous metal. A dead air space of 4 inch shall be left between the protecting asbestos and the wood, and a clearance of not less than 2 inches maintained between the manifold and the surface of such protection. (d) Exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe shall be gas tight and the installation shall comply with one of the following requirements: (1) All of the engine cooling water shall be discharged through the exhaust pipe and this water shall enter the exhaust pipe at a point as near to the manifold as practicable. (2) A length of not less than 12 diameters of the exhaust pipe adjacent to the manifold shall be water jacketed and cooled in the same manner as the manifold. The remainder of the pipe shall be kept clear of internal woodwork at least 11⁄2 inches. (3) Woodwork within 6 inches of any part of the exhaust pipe shall be protected by 1⁄2 inch asbestos board covered with not less than #22 USSG galvanized sheet iron or non-ferrous metal. A dead air space of 1/4 inch shall be left between the protecting asbestos and the wood, and a clearance of not less than 1⁄2 of its diameter shall be maintained between the pipe and the surface of such protection. In all of the above cases the exhaust pipe shall be properly supported by noncombustible hangers or blocks and protective gratings shall be provided at such locations where persons or gear might come in contact therewith. Arrangements shall be made to provide access to the exhaust pipe throughout its length. (e) Exhaust pipe bends, packing at bulkheads. Where exhaust lines pass through watertight bulkheads, non-combustible packings shall be installed. Exhaust piping shall be led to the point of escape without traps and with a minimum number of bends and elbows. 90degree elbows or bends of less than 5 diameters radius are not permitted. Where (f) Flexible exhaust pipe. flexibility is desirable a section of flexible metallic hose, or suitably reinforced rubber pipe, may be used in the exhaust line. § 27.4-2 Fuel tanks and piping. The following requirements shall govern all fuel tank and piping installations and be effective on new vessels or vessels converted to passenger service for the first time, construction of which is commenced on or after December 1, 1945, and to all existing vessels in so far as practicable: (a) Fuel tanks, location. Fuel tanks shall be located in watertight compartments separate from but adjacent to the engine room, and accessible for exterior examination. The fuel tank installation shall be such that the tank or tanks may be lifted for periodic examinations. (b) Portable fuel tanks. Portable fuel tanks are not permitted. (c) Construction of fuel tanks. Construction of fuel tanks shall comply with the following: (1) Materials shall consist of copper of thickness not less than #18 USSG or of iron or steel of thickness not less than #14 USSG. Non-corrosive alloys or other non-ferrous metals may be used subject to approval. Steel or iron tanks shall be galvanized both inside and outside by the hot dipped process after completion. (2) Seams of fuel tanks shall be riveted, welded, or brazed, except that rolled and soldered joints may be used on small tanks of 20 gallons or less capacity provided the solder has a melting point of not less than 450° F. (3) Tanks shall be designed with a factor of safety of not less than 4 based on the test head. Tanks shall be tested by static head above tank top of 10 feet of water without showing leakage or permanent deformation. (4) Swash plates of the same material as the tank shall be fitted where necessary. (5) Gauge glasses or try cocks are prohibited. (d) Outlets and drains. Outlets in fuel lines for drawing loose gasoline for any purpose are prohibited. Drains or any openings in the bottom of fuel tanks are prohibited. (e) Connections at tank, fuel suctions. All outlets shall pass through the top of fuel tanks and connections shall be fitted into spuds. These spuds shall either be riveted and soldered, welded, or brazed to the tank. Fuel suction lines shall run inside to near the bottom of the tank. (f) Filling pipes and sounding tubes. Filling pipes and sounding tubes shall be so arranged that vapors or possible overflow when filling cannot escape to the inside of the hull but will run overboard. A pipe made tight to the tank and to the filling plate on deck clear of any coamings, etc., meets this requirement. Filling and sounding pipes shall extend to within 1⁄2 their diameter from the bottom of the tank or from the surface of the striking plate in case of a sounding pipe. A flame screen of non-corrodible wire mesh shall be fitted in the throat of the fill pipe. Sounding tubes shall be kept closed at all times except during the act of sounding. (g) Vent pipes. The net area of the vent pipe shall equal that of the fill pipe. Two vents or reliefs having a combined area equivalent to that specified above may be used in place of a single vent. Terminations of vent pipes shall be at least 2 feet above the deck and not less than 3 feet from any opening into living quarters or other below deck space. These terminations shall be fitted with flame screens. (h) Flame screens. The term "flame screen" as used in paragraphs (f) and (g) of this section means a single screen of corrosion resistant wire of at least 30 x 30 mesh, or two screens, both of corrosion resistant wire of at least 20 x 20 mesh, spaced not less than 1/2 inch nor more than 11⁄2 inches apart. (i) Auxiliary feeds. Auxiliary machinery shall either be supplied by branches from the main fuel line or from auxiliary fuel tanks which shall also meet the requirements previously outlined for main fuel tanks regarding location, construction, outlets, fill pipes, and vent pipes. (j) Shut-off valves. A shut-off valve shall be installed in the fuel line as close to each tank as practicable and one as close to each carburetor as practicable. Arrangements shall be provided for operating all shut-off valves from outside the compartments in which they are located, preferably from on deck. The operating gear for the shut-off valves shall be accessible and in efficient working condition at all times. In addition a heat actuated device shall be located in the |