first volume, of both sizes, was printed by Richard Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, the second by W. C. Featherstone, Exeter. In the British Museum copy of this work is inserted a letter, received in reply to an inquiry as to the completion of the work, from Richard Culliver, dated Exeter, July 18, 1836. He says that theHistory' had not been completed, that it was his intention to have finished the "Biography' as speedily as possible after he had to do with it, "but on discovering that the author was likely to controul me when he thought he had me at his command, and carry the work to what extent he pleased, I stopt it." He then goes on to say that he proposed to be in London shortly, “after which no time will be lost in getting it completed, either as Mr. Moore has wrote it, or abridged." It would seem, therefore, that Mr. Moore had completed his work (although it is not quite clear whether the biography alone is intended), and that the expense of the printing had frightened those who had undertaken its publication. I am quoting myself (vide Transactions of Devonshire Association, vol. xiv. p. 54). The quarto was published in parts at 2s., and the octavo size was probably issued in the same way. J. B. R. of THRONGED (7th S. xii. 105, 378, 456).-In the Scottish provinces 66 throng," in the form "thrang," is quite common in the sense extremely busy." The tailor is so "thrang" at the beginning of a season that his customers have simply to wait his time for the supply of their needs. Scott, of course, employs the word appropriately in this sense; probably he puts it into the mouth of that sagacious and cracky Scotsman Bailie Nicol Jarvie, but at the moment I cannot give an exact reference. "Thrang likewise signifies intimate or familiar. Two young people, e. g., are thrang" when their courtship is an undoubted fact, and 66. ower thrang" is indicative of a relationship heartily condemned by honest country folk. For a modern instance of "thronged," in the sense of crowded, see Arnold's 'To a Gipsy Child,' st. 15: BEAUTIES OF CATALOGUING (7th S. xii. 485).It may interest MR. MARSHALL to know tha Mill on the Floss' was never perpetrated in French biographical dictionary under the heading "Mill." It was a little joke upon the slips tha occurred in these compilations made some thirt years ago by URBAN. ASSASSINATION OF THE DUKE OF BUCKING HAM (7th S. xii. 327, 472).-One of Houbraken "Heads" represents the Duke of Buckingham, fro the bottom is a small view of the assassination, a picture by C. Johnson at Somerset House. A which the dagger is pretty clearly seen-a pointe dagger, with little or no guard, and short. Th article "Felton" in "Dict. Nat. Biog.' should E referred to. "A double-bladed knife at New ham Padox, Warwickshire, the seat of the Earl Denbigh, is stated to be the weapon used Felton" (see xviii. 307-8). W. C. B. If MR. MASON will look at the Gent. Mag. f August, 1845, he will find a lengthy account the assassination of the Duke of Buckingham, a an engraving of the knife, "which is still preserve at Newnham Padox, in Warwickshire, the seat the Earls of Denbigh, having been traditional handed down as the instrument of the duke assassination, preserved by his sister, the fir Countess of Denbigh " (p. 141). G. F. R. B. POEMS CONCERNING THE CAT (7th S. xii. 14 249, 453). Shakspere has a large number references to the cat. Ayscough's Index' (81790) gives twenty-one, exclusive of two to co a-mountain. Some of these may be noticed deserving a place in cat poetry. Our great d matist takes advantage of the well-known prove (found in Heywood's Collection,' 1566), "T cat would eat fish, but would not wet her feeIt is thus alluded to in 'Macbeth,' I. vii., "Li 702 3,000 guineas had been refused, was bequeathed by Miss Linwood to Her Majesty, Queen Victoria. Miss Linwood died, at the age of ninety, in 1845, and in the year after her productions were sold at Christie & Manson's, when they realized what may be called ridiculously low prices considering how highly they had been prized. Theatre. the poor cat i' the adage." In another case the very familiar proverb, still in use, "When the cat's away the mice will play," is taken advantage of in 'Henry V.,' I. ii. While the king is making war in France he must provide against the inroads of the Scotch, who will be "playing the mouse in the absence of the cat "; whereupon the Duke of Exeter remarks, "It follows, then, that the cat The vicissitudes of Savile House were remarkmust stay at home." Nor is the well-known anti- able. Frederick, Prince of Wales, the father of pathy to a cat on the part of some temperaments George III., had it for a time for his children. It forgotten. Thus the Jew in the 'Merchant of was attacked by storm and given up to pillage Venice,' IV. i., remarks, "Some are mad if during the Gordon Riots. After Miss Linwood's they behold a cat." And in All's Well,' IV. time it became a refuge for panoramas and poses , Count Bertram says, "I could endure any-plastiques; afterwards for billiards and cheap thing before but a cat; but now he's a cat to me," dinners; and on its site now stands the Empire that is on hearing the verses of Parolles. H. MURRAY. Familiar names of cats, now obsolete, as well as some old customs, may be traced in such a remark as that of Falstaff in '1 Henry IV.' I. ii., "I am as melancholy as a Gib cat." Gib and Tib were old English names for a male cat. In Romeo and Juliet' Tybalt is called "Prince of cats," probably with reference to Tybert, the name of the cat in 'Reynard the Fox. Chaucer translates Thibert, Gibbe. Hotspur, in '1 Henry IV., III. i., speaks ramping cat," that is, romping or wanton. With reference to old customs, in 'Much Ado about Nothing,' I. i., Benedict "Hang me says, in a bottle like a cat." A cat was formerly hung in a bottle to be shot at. In the same play, V. i., we have the expression which is still popular, "Care killed a cat." of "a The vigilance of the cat-"the cat-like watch". is referred to in As you Like It,' IV. i.; and Falstaff says in 1 Henry IV.,' IV. ii., "I am as vigilant as a cat to steal cream.' eLastly, I shall be glad to have some information to the precise meaning of "Fortune's Cat." In All's Well,' V. ii., the old Lord Lafeu "Here is a purr of Fortune's, sir, or of Fortune's Oat (but not a musk cat) that has fallen into the unclean fish-pond of her displeasure." kel first H says: Also as to the meaning of "Cat o' the mountain," in 'The Tempest, IV. i., and "Your cat a mountain looks" in the Merry Wives,' II. ii. C. TOMLINSON. Highgate, N. THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD' (7th S. xii. 267, 337, 438).-K. P. D. E. asks what has become of Miss Linwood's works. He will find an inter eating account of Miss Linwood and her collection of needleworks, and what became of them, in Chambers's Book of Days,' under date March 9, engraving of the large room or gallery in vile House, Leicester Square, in which they exhibited. The collection ultimately conor ted of sixty-four pictures, most of them of gallery size. The gem of the gallery, Salvator Mundi,' after Carlo Dolci, for which ith an t k 85, Gracechurch Street. influenced Darwin's boyhood, must have been a "The Wonders of the World,' the book which very popular book in its day. My copy is dated 1829, and is of the nineteenth edition. Ricardo del Campo seems to have been the regular printer of Protestant books for Spain in Queen Elizabeth's time. I have Institution | De la Religion Christiana, &c. Por Juan riano | De Vallera. [The same printer's device as on Calvino traduzida en Romance | Castellano por Cypthe Testament.] En casa de Ricardo del Campo | 1597. It is a small folio, very well printed, with ornamental headings and capital letters. It has always been a puzzle to me how such expensive books of in Spain at the end of the sixteenth century. Who Protestant literature could have found purchasers paid for their publication ? J. C. J. The New Testament in question is one of the rare copies of Ciprian de Valera's proscribed and suppressed version, printed under his superintendence in London, by Richard Field, whose name is scarcely veiled under its Spanish disguise, R. del Campo. No example occurs in the Caxton Exhibition Catalogue. It was almost exterminated by the Holy Inquisition. My own well-preserved vellum-bound copy belonged to "R. Surtees," and C. K. contains his library label ("Mainsforth Library") Fairholt furnishes the names of twenty-one places, and autograph. at home and abroad, where giants took their part Torquay. in the midsummer pageants. No mention is made of Hob-Nob, who probably was an addition when BARBER'S SIGN (7th S. xii. 408).—In the "History"St. Christopher" was removed to the local of Signboards,' by John Camden Hotten, 1866, a EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. somewhat different version is given of this sign. He says: "David's unfortunate son, Absalom, was a perukemaker's very expressive emblem, both in France and in England, to show the utility of wigs. Thus a barber at a town in Northampton used this inscription: Absalom, hadst thou worn a perriwig, thou hadst not been hanged.' Which a brother peruke-maker versified under a sign representing the death of Absalom, with David weeping. He wrote up thus : Oh Absalom! Oh Absalom! If thou hadst worn a perriwig, ST. CHRISTOPHER : HOB-NOB (7th S. xii. 368).The late F. W. Fairholt, an accomplished artist and antiquary, read a paper before a meeting of the members of the London and Middlesex Archæological Society, held in the Council Chamber at Guildhall on June 14, 1859, On the History of the Giants in Guildhall.' This paper was afterwards enlarged by its author, and published under the title of "Gog and Magog, the Giants in Guildhall; their real and legendary history. With an account of other Civic Giants, at home and abroad. 1859." When Mr. Fairholt visited Salisbury in 1844 the figure called St. Christopher was in the hall of the Tailors' Company, where it was mouldering to decay. The frontispiece to his volume is from a sketch of the "Tailor's Giant," drawn by the author, who states it was the last of the old perambulating English giants, and the only one whose figure has been delineated. Mr. museum. The following, upon the subject of patrons of churches, from MS. Cotton, Claud. A. II. may interest J. D. S., and perhaps suggest an answer to his query. It is part of the sermon for St. Alkemund's Day, and I take it from Horstmann's Altenglische Legenden,' cxxiv., where the whole sermon is given. It is in the Shropshire dialect :"Than schul ye know that a patron in englys is a defendur. Wherefore ye schul vnderstande that iche chirch bath too patronus: one in heven, anothyr in erthe on to defende hur from gostely enmyes, and another to defende hur from bodyly enmyes. He that is patron in erth, he is haldon to defende hys chyrch from alle here enmyes, nyght and day, so that thei that. done dew seruys ther-ine beth not dysturbut no lettyd be no wyse. From the begynnynge of holy chyrch whan sum were cristen and sum were paynemys, the payemy haddyn suche envye to holy crysten men, that whan mer weron at the plowgh and at here other labores, their payemys comyn to hem and dyden hem grete dyspyte and desese, so that thei durste not gone to here labores for hem; and also thei yodon in-to here chyrches and die poyled the prestes, as thei weron at hure messe, and casten down the chalys with goddys blode and toky goddys body and trade it vndur here fete; and if th cristenmen weren byggar than thei, than thei sche langed the prestes and saydon that the gospel was fale and of no fayth. And thus dudon grete disese an grete disturbans in holy chyrch. Than lordys an grete gentellys for grete luf that thei hadde to god, th tokon sum of hem to hon chyrch and some to anothy to ben patronus to defende vche man hys chyrch, and s with strong hand kepton the parischon that thei yodo in pes to here labores and kepton so here chyrches i goddys seruise. So it was done withowte disturbans d any paynim. Wherefore yitte in the londe of Surre it an usage that, whan the gospel schal ben redde, anoc [anon] iche knythe that is in the chyrch drawyth h swerde and so haldyth it stylle nakyd in hys hand, til be done, in schewing that he is redy to fython with ar man that wol comyn and chalangen any-thing that redde in this gospel; for that londe is faste be th payemys. Thus patronus in holy chyrch begonne furste in hurthe. Holy Chyrch hath also a patron heven, that is the seynte in worchep of the wyche th chyrche is makod and halowod. This patron keputh h parich, preying for hem bysyly to god nygh an day; f be hur mayn swyng holy chyrch is holdyn vp and godd seruise therine maynteind. He also takyth alle th preyeres of goddus servandus that ben done in h schyrch, and offereth hem vp beforen the hegh maies of god and rythe os temporal lorde helputh ar sokuruth hys tenauntes rythe so the seynt that is of chirch helputh and defenduth all that ben parychen to bym and doth hym worschep, halowyng hys da offering to hym." It is hoped that the interest attaching to th extract will excuse its length and whatever the may be in it that is not quite relevant. I ha throughout written th, y, &c., in place_of_tl obsolete characters. C. C. B. 292 place P ma AX. i th letr BYRON VOLUME (7th S. xii. 347, 389). Unforwhtunately I have not the Indexes to N. & Q. loa with me, but am sure if MR. CUTHBERT WELCH and MR. BERTRAM DOBELL would consult that portion of 'Byronic Literature' which has already ons appeared, they will find the said Byron volume Irelegated to its proper place under that section which deals wtih Fiction relating to Byron.' I for have waited, before making any reply to this query, Amto see whether Mr. H. S. Schultess Young, who is wh responsible for the book, would offer an explanaection as to the sources whence these purely imaginative letters were obtained. But as the matter is before the public, and because 'N. & Q.' by has opened its columns to this question, I will endeavour to supply an answer. In the first place, the volume in question was never published. In the second, the letters are not genuine. Mr. Young seems to have stumbled across some of the many well-known forgeries of Byron, and without sufficient inquiry strung these letters into a volume. The book was shown to me some years ago, and I recollect at once writing to Mr. George Bentley a letter on the subject, which that gentleman was pleased to say should be kept for future reference in case the subject should come to be discussed. I cannot pretend, at this distance of time and place, to recapitulate my humble judgment; but I have no doubt that Mr. George Bentley would be willing to give 'N. & Q.' the opportunity of judging whether I was justified in proclaiming the entire collection as pure and nnadulterated fiction. I remember also that Mr. H. S. Schultess Young met my challenge at the time by stating that when he edited those letters he was a very young man. I took that statement to mean that he was both older and wiser at the time of his rejoinder. ter es f es! Hotel National, Montreux. RICHARD EDgcumbe. PLANETOID (7th S. xii. 448).-Perhaps I may be allowed to quote from my own little book, Celestial Motions,' seventh edition, p. 125 :— "Early in the present century four new planets were fo discovered, revolving between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, which are so much smaller than all the others, that distinct terms-planetoids or asteroids-were suggested for them. But as they differ from the others only in respect of their comparatively minute size, it is now more usual to call them small or minor planets." The fact is this designation may be described, according to a phrase which has become common, as the survival of the fittest. It was Sir William Herschel who, shortly after the discovery of the first four, suggested the name asteroids, which seems to exclude their planetary nature. Nor is the term "planetoid" much more appropriate, since it signifies having the form of, or a resemblance to, planets; whereas these bodies are planets in every sense of the word, and primary The planets as revolving directly round the sun. younger Herschel often called them—that is, the earlier known ones-ultra-zodiacal planets, but they are not all ultra-zodiacal, and the eccentricities and inclinations of the orbits of many of them do not exceed those of some of the large planets. And even in size the demarcation, although sufficient to separate them from the latter and justify us in giving them the distinctive adjective "small," is not enough to deprive them of their rank as planets. Jupiter would contain our earth as many times as Mercury would one of the largest and earliest discovered of the small planets. "Viewed exactly," says MR. HALL, a comet is as much a planet as Jupiter." I presume he means by this that both not only move (for that, the etymological sense of planet, probably every body in the universe does), but move or revolve round the sun. Of course, as any science advances its terminology becomes more difficult to preserve as its classified subjects runs more and more into one another. Still, there is reason to think that comets are bodies of a nature different from that of the planets, and therefore it is well to keep them in a distinct class, although the forms of the orbits of a few do not differ greatly from those of some of the planets, and the etymological meaning of the word by no means belongs to all. But in all these things we must do the best we can. Meteoric streams, like comets, revolve in orbits directly round the sun-some not only in similar, indeed, but almost identical orbitsyet it is surely desirable to keep the designations distinct. W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. This is a term that has been used for the "minor planets," formerly usually called "asteroids," which revolve round the sun in the space between Mars and Jupiter, where "major planet" might have been expected to exist. It small objects formed fragments of a large planet was at one time thought that these comparatively which had by some catastrophe been broken to pieces. They were therefore called "asteroids" star-like, or "planetoids" planet-like, but "the investigations of the motions of the numerous minor planets discovered in later years do not tend to confirm" this theory (See Dunkin's Midnight Sky,' 1891, p. 257). Comets are wanderers which it would certainly be a mistake to confound with planets. J. F. MANSERGH. Liverpool. = = NAKED (7th S. xii. 365, 436).-Having already, in Blackwood's Magazine for June, expressed an opinion on the merits of Mr. Calderon's remarkable picture, I will not venture into the fray of dispute about the meaning of a good, plain Latin word, and its equally good and plain English equivalent; but I may be permitted to call attention to one point which seems to have escaped notice, namely, that to strip oneself naked seems to have been a recognized proceeding in moments of extreme spiritual exaltation. When Saul went to Naioth in Ramah, we read that the Spirit of God came upon him, and "he stripped off his clothes [se nudavit], and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Is Saul also among the prophets?"-1 Sam. xix. 23, 24. HERBERT Maxwell. DR. NICHOLSON may possibly care to have his attention directed to the following passage with reference to 'Othello,' IV. i. 3, alluded to by him (ante, p. 365):— I'll send me fellows of a handful high The Merry Devil of Edmonton,' 1608, Hazlitt's F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. celebration of the Mass. Thus the old 'Liber Sacrarum 999 Mr. Maskell also refers to the custom o admitting the newly consecrated prince a canor of some cathedral church (v. Ducange "Canonic Honararii "), and states that a stall in th Cathedral of St. David's is attached to the English Crown. NATHANIEL HONE. Liverpool. 66 The fact that the imperial dalmatic is preserve in the treasury of St. Peter's does not imply tha the medieval Roman emperor was a deacon, according to Webster's Dictionary' the dalmati Was worn by kings in the middle ages on solem occasions." Moreri's 'Dict.' (1694), howevel ECCLESIASTICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEDIEVAL EM-states that after the emperor was elected at Aix-ls PERORS (7th S. xii. 369).—It may have been cus-Chapelle he was made a Canon of the Collegiat tomary for the emperor to read the Gospel at his Church" of that city. J. F. MANSERGH. coronation, but no mention is made of it in the 'Ordo Romanus ad Benedicendum Imperatorem' (Muratori, tom. i. p. 103). At this part of the service the rubric directs as follows: "Hac laude finita legitur Epistola et cantatur Graduale & Allelina Post quæ Imperator & Imperatrix deponunt Coronas Tunc legitur Evangelium." The dalmatic was originally proper to the deacons of Rome, conceded gradually to abbots and bishops, and later to kings and emperors. It was used at the coronations of kings of England at least as early as Richard I., and still continues to be one of the coronation vestments of English sovereigns. Of itself, without Order, it would give no ecclesiastical status; but it appears from the Ordo above quoted that it was customary for the Pope to confer the tonsure on the emperor elect. At the vesting ceremony the rubric runs : "Finita oratione vadit Electuo ad Chorum Sancti Gregorii. Et inducunt eum Amictu et alba & Cingula. Et sic deducunt eum ad Dominum Papam in Secretorium Ibique fuciat eum clericum. Et concedit ei Tunicam et Dalmaticam et Pluvialem et Mithram Caligas et Sandalia quibus utatur in Coronatione sua.” I may add that Mr. Bryce, in his 'Holy Roman Empire,' states that the subdiaconate was conferred, and gives as references the 'Liber Ceremonialis Romanus' and 'Coronatio Romana Henry VII.,' Pertz. Since writing the above I have come across a note in Mr. Maskell's Monumenta Ritualia,' vol. ii. p. 17: "It was an ancient custom, now omitted in the Roman Pontifical, that the Emperor after his consecration should attend upon the Pontiff as subdeacon, during the PONTEFRACT CASTLE (7th S. xii. 188).-I mus apologize to ASTARTE for so long delaying a repl to her inquiry; but I have mislaid my reference and extracts. I may, however, say, in the absenc of fuller particulars, that the quotation is at leas inaccurate. This may be seen by reference to th original, which is the fiftieth letter to Stella unde date July 17, 1712 :— "You hear Secretary St. John is made Viscou Bolingbroke. I could hardly persuade him to take the title, because the eldest branch of his family had ittake it, I advised him to be Lord Pomfret, which I thin an earldom-and it was last year extinct. If he did no is a noble title. You hear of it often in the Chronicle Pomfret Castle; but we believed it was among the titl of some other lord." · The passage appears on the title-page of Booth I have seen it elsewhere somewhat after th fashion: Its name 's in all the histories: Our histories are full of Pomfret Castle. This latter passage-still, however, a paraphraseis certainly more rhythmical than that of Bootl royd, and it is evidently that which ASTARTE ha in mind. I therefore exceedingly regret that cannot point to its locality; but I think it may ป relied on that the original of both is that which have quoted, and to which I have given the exa reference. Its appearance in Boothroyd as blan verse, however rugged, has, I have no doub |