Opinion of the Court.

party, and any such transfer shall cause the annulment of the contract or order transferred, so far as the United States are concerned."

The rulings of the court in Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co. v. United States, 104 U. S. 680, and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. v. United States, 104 U. S. C87, maintained.

This case came up on appeal from the Court of Claims. The facts which make the case are stated in the opinion of the court.

Mr. J. F. Farnsworth, for appellant.

Mr. Solicitor-General, for appellee.

MR. JUSTICE MATTHEWS delivered the opinion of the court. On the 8th day of October, 1875, the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company entered into a contract in writ ing with the United States, acting by the Postar ter-General, for carrying the mails between St. Paul and Duluch for a term of four years, for an agreed compensation of $13,859.97 per

annum.

On the 20th da of October, 1876, the Post aste neral gave notice to the company of a reduction in its compensation at the rate of $2,772 per annum, in accordance with the Post Office Appropriation Act of July 12, 1876; and on the 28th day of August, 1878, a further decrease was notified by the department under the Post Office Appropriation Act of June 30th, 1878, amounting to $498.96 per annum.

The total reduction amounted to $12,141.36, of which $3,686.76 was made prior to June 12, 1877, and $8,454.60 after that dete. The service rendered during the first period was by the contractor, the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company; during the latter period, by the appellant, the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad Company, claiming to be the successor to all rights of the former under the contract.

Its title thereto arises under a judicial sale by virtue of a decree of the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Minnesota, foreclosing a mortgage given by the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company to trustees to secure its bonds, dated January 1, 1869.

Opinion of the Court.

This mortgage professes to convey the lands of the mortgagor, to which it was or might be entitled under grants from the United States and the State of Minnesota, and its railroad constructed or to be constructed, right of way, and all tracks, bridges, viaducts, culverts, fences, depots, station-houses and other similar houses, superstructures, erections, and fixtures held or to be acquired for the use of the railway, or in connection therewith, or the business thereof; also, all locomotives, tenders, cars, rolling stock or equipments, and all machinery, tools, implements, &c., and also all franchises connected with or relating to said railway and said line of telegraph, and all corporate franchises of any nature, including the franchise to be a corporation, and all endowments, income and advantages, &c., to the above-mentioned lands, railroad, or property belonging or appertaining, and the income, rents, issues and profits thereof.

The decree for sale directs the sale of the mortgaged premises, and a sale thereof was confirmed by the court and a conveyance made to the appeliant, a corporation organized by the purchasers for that purpose, under the laws of Minnesota, on June 27, 1878.

In respect to the claim. of the appellant for so much of the reduction made by the Post Office Department as relates to the service performed prior to the sale by the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company, it would be governed by the decision of this court in the cases of the Chicago & North Western Railway Co. v. United States, 104 U. S. 680, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. v. United States, 104 U. S. 687, if the corporation with whom the contract was made were the claimant; but we do not find in the mortgage, or decree for sale, any terms of description, as to the property and interests conveyed, sufficient to pass the interest therein of the original company to the purchasers at the sale.

The same remark applies to the contract itself. The appellant, by virtue of the sale of the railroad and property rights mortgaged, did not become assignee of the contract between the United States and the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad Company, and can claim nothing as such in this suit.

Opinion of the Court.

There are no words of description in the mortgage which include it. The fact that service was performed in carrying the mail, subsequent to the sale, by the appellant, does not commit the government to a recognition of the contract as if made with it. No such recognition is found as a fact by the Court of Claims, and it is apparent, from the facts found, that the Post Office Department treated the service performed by the appellant as subject to regulation according to the terms of the act of June 17, 1878, which justified the reduction complained of. If it were otherwise, however, the appellant's case must still fail.

That part of its claim for services rendered prior to the sale by the Lake Superior and Mississippi River Railroad Company falls within the prohibition of Rev. Stat. § 3477, which provides that, "All transfers and assignments made of any claim upon the United States, or any part or share thereof, or interest therein, whether absolute or conditional, and whatever may be the consideration therefor, and all powers of attorney, orders, or other authorities for receiving payment of any such claim, or any part or share thereof, shall be absolutely null and void, unless they are freely made and executed in the presence of at least two attesting witnesses, after the allowance of such a claim, the ascertainment of the amount due, and the issuing of a warrant for the payment thereof."

In Erwin v. The United States, 97 U. S. 392, it was held that an assignment by operation of law to an assignee in bankruptcy was not within the prohibition of the statute; and in Goodman v. Niblack, 102 U. S. 556, a voluntary assignment by an insolvent debtor, for the benefit of creditors, was held valid to pass the title to a claim against the United States. But, in our opinion, the present case is not within the principle of these exceptions, but falls within the purview of the prohibition. It is a voluntary transfer, by way of mortgage, for the security of a debt, and finally completed and made absolute by a judicial sale.

If the statute does not apply to such cases, it would be difficult to draw a line of exclusion which leaves any place for the operation of the prohibition.

Opinion of the Court.

So, the transfer, by the same proceeding, of the contract itself, so as to entitle the assignee to perform the service and claim the compensation stipulated for, is forbidden by Rev. Stat.

3737, which provides that "no contract or order, or any interest therein, shall be transferred by the party to whom such contract or order is given to any other party, and any such transfer shall cause the annulment of the contract or order transferred, so far as the United States are concerned."

The explicit provisions of this statute do not require any comment. No explanation could make it plainer.

The judgment of the Court of Claims is affirmed.

Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad Company v. United States was also an appeal from the Court of Claims. See 18 C. Cl. 420. The facts raised the question decided in the second branch of the foregoing case. Judgment below affirmed, see post, 762.

PEUGH v. PORTER & Another.

APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Argued December 17, 1884.-Decided January 5, 1885.

An instrument, by which A, as attorney in fact by substitution, for good consideration, assigns to B an interest in claims to be established against a foreign government in a mixed commission, is valid in equity, although made before the establishment of the claim, and creation of the fund; and may work a distinct appropriation of the fund in B's favor, to the extent of the assignment, within the rule laid down in Wright v. Ellison, 1 Wall. 16.

This was an appeal from a decree in a suit in equity in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. The facts which make the case are stated in the opinion of the court.

Mr. Jeremiah M. Wilson (Mr. Shellabarger was with him) for appellant.

VOL. CXII-47

Opinion of the Court.

Mr. S. V. White, one of the appellees, in person.

MR. JUSTICE MATTHEWS delivered the opinion of the court. Several awards were made by the Mexican Claims Commission, under the treaty between the United States and Mexico of July 4, 1868, in favor of claimants, representatives respectively of three American citizens, Parsons, Conrow and Standish, which amounted in the aggregate to $143,812.32. Of this, one-half was paid to the claimants and the other half remained with their consent under the control of the Secretary of State, to be paid to the agents and counsel of the claimants according to their respective rights and interests. Several bills in equity to determine these interests were filed in the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, to one of which Peugh, the appellant, was made a defendant, and, appearing therein, also filed a cross-bill on his own behalf. On final hearing all the bills and cross-bills were dismissed, Peugh alone appealing. The adverse interest in the litigation is represented by White, who claims as a purchaser of the whole fund. The object of the bill of Peugh was to obtain a declaration of the fact and extent of his interest in the fund, and to enjoin the defendant White from demanding and receiving more than what should remain after satisfaction of the appellant's claim. The Secretary of State was made a party defendant, but did not appear, and no relief is asked against him. The jurisdiction of the court is invoked for the single purpose of determining the relative equities of the parties in the fund, and giving effect to them by an appropriate decree.

The history of the case, so far as material to the determination of the controversy, we gather from a volume of testimony, not without conflict, and find to be as follows:

The three claimants severally employed Richard H. Musser, of St. Louis, to prosecute their claims, and, agreeing that he should pay all expenses and receive half of the net proceeds of the claims after deducting the expenses of their prosecution, executed and delivered to him full powers of attorney, with power of substitution.

Knowledge of the existence of these claims had been first