as a check. The yields of seed cotton per acre were as follows: On the peanut-grazed plat, 1,771 pounds; on the chufa-grazed plat, 1,200 pounds; on the soy bean-grazed plat, 1,588 pounds; on the corn plat, 1,005 pounds. During the succeeding year the cotton yield was noted on the same plats, no fertilizers having been applied. Some decrease of yield was caused by unfavorable climatic conditions. The yields were: On the peanut-grazed plat, 1,134 pounds; on the chufa-grazed plat, 981 pounds; on the soy bean-grazed plat, 1,020 pounds; on the corn plat, 798 pounds. These figures show that during the first year after grazing on peanuts, soy beans, and chufas the manure left by the pigs, supplemented by the fertilizing properties of the plants themselves, increased the yield of seed cotton from nearly 20 to more than 76 per cent per acre over the yield from a plat where corn had been grown; and that during the second year the yield in favor of the grazed plats was still apparent, ranging from over 22 per cent to over 42 per cent more on the grazed than on the ungrazed plats. Naturally some of the increased yield must be attributed to the fertilizing value of the peanuts and soy beans, but as chufas are not leguminous plants, and therefore are not equipped with nitrogen-gathering bacteria, the figures, where they were used, show quite accurately the manurial effect of the grazing. The increased yield on the chufa-grazed plats was nearly 20 per cent the first year after grazing and over 22 per cent the second year after. The Tennessee Station" calculated the value of the manure made by pigs in experiments at Knoxville. In the experiments of 1902-03 the available manure was estimated at 75 per cent of the excrement voided by the animals, and its value was calculated by estimating nitrogen at 15 cents per pound, potash at 5 cents, and phosphoric acid at 5 cents. The following table shows the estimated value of the manure made. There were 3 pigs in each lot in the tests of 1902 and 4 in each lot in 1903. They were fed sixty days in 1902 and seventy-seven days in The high fertilizing value of rations composed to a considerable extent of nitrogenous feeds, such as the skim-milk rations and the soy-bean-meal ration, is apparent. The value of manure as a by-product of animal husbandry can not be too strongly emphasized, especially in those sections of the country, like the South, where the fertility of the land has, to a certain extent, been lost. The South supports the greater part of the business of the country in commercial fertilizers, and, while paying enormous sums annually in this manner, can not look forward to anything but greater impoverishment of the soil unless the production of live stock is increased and the manure carefully utilized. GROWTH OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY OF CUBA. By IGNACIO Diaz Lopez, Chief of the Department of Claims in the Customs Division of the Treasury Department of Cuba. The law regulating the importation of cattle into Cuba admits free of duty cows for breeding purposes and their calves; also bulls of the following breeds: Jersey, Guernsey, Devon, Durham, and Hereford. These concessions were made to benefit our country and improve the cattle in our pastures. The same law provides for the low duty of $2 (American money) per head on all thin cattle brought from certain countries into the Island to be fattened on its rich pastures, provided they do not exceed the following weights: Cattle from Florida exceeding 500 pounds must pay a duty of $5 per head, those from Honduras exceeding 600 pounds must pay $6 per head, those from Mexico exceeding 700 pounds must pay $7 per head, and those from Venezuela and Colombia and other countries not mentioned exceeding 800 pounds must pay $8 each per head. The law prohibits the killing of thin cattle until fully three months shall have elapsed after their importation. At the time of their importation each animal must be branded with the date thereof in the following manner: 9-1-03-signifying the month, day, and year; whereupon they must also be registered and their pasture destination made known to the authorities. Before any cattle bearing this form of brand can be killed a permit from the proper authorities must be obtained and proof submitted that the stock has been in pasture the time specified by law. Failure to do this results in heavy fines upon detection. It can not be denied that the long war resulted in the practical disappearance of the cattle in Cuba; the extensive and rich pastures of Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago Provinces were deserted. The good effects of this law, however, early became apparent, for on December 31, 1901, according to the statistics of the treasury department, the following number of cattle existed in the respective Provinces: 312 The same statistics show that on December 31, 1902, there existed, as registered in the official live-stock registers of the Island, 555,563 males and 444,299 females, or a total of 999,862 animals, which shows an increase of 316,509 head over the previous year. The total registrations in the Island during the year 1902 were 1,358,749 and the total withdrawals for the purpose of butchering or of driving into other districts were 1,048,240. This shows a discrepancy of 6,000 head, which small percentage is due to loss from sickness during the year. The general consumption, by Provinces, for the years 1900, 1901, and 1902 was as follows: Number and total weight of animals slaughtered for consumption in Cuba, 1900, 1901, and The total number of head of cattle killed throughout the Island for the three past years were 171,071 in 1900, 174,887 in 1901, and 176,962 in 1902, with the following weights for the respective years: 60,788,329, 65,311,639, and 68,845,352 pounds. The importation of cattle during the above-mentioned years was as follows: 1900, 288,324; 1901, 368,793; and 1902, 267,281 head. The importation of cattle from various countries for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903, was as follows: Number and value of cattle imported into Cuba, fiscal year 1902–3. Upon arrival in Cuban ports an inspection charge of 10 cents is made for each head. In Habana there is also a dockage charge of 12 cents per head. The statistics above show that the cattle imported into Cuba from Costa Rica commanded the highest price, which was an average of $46.61 per head. Those from Santo Domingo come next in order at the price of $34.42 per head. The other countries which ship cattle to Cuba are the English West Indies with an average value of $34.21; Nicaragua, $28.78; Colombia, $23.41; Honduras, $20.09; Porto Rico, $20.05; Venezuela, $19.14; Mexico, $19.09, and the United States, $16.03. With a population of 1,572,797, there were 176,962 head of cattle butchered in Cuba in 1902, averaging a fraction over 389 pounds (dressed), each, or a total of 68,845,352 pounds of beef for the year. The consumption of beef, therefore, was 43.07 pounds per capita for the year; the consumption of pork was 6.82 pounds per capita, while the consumption of mutton was but nine-tenths of a pound per 100 inhabitants. The consumption of beef per 100 inhabitants, according to provinces, during the past year was as follows: From these figures it is plain that the concentrated population in the cities largely governs the consumption of meat, the country people living mostly on vegetables. By the above figures it will be plainly seen that the importations are on the decrease. The present conditions in Cuba have been completely changed by the building of the Cuba railroad, which now facilitates |