or utilitarian theory, 129 ff.; Ends or ideals, 250 ff.
Criterion of morality and highest Epicurus, on highest good, 160 ff.,
Ethical judgment, subject-matter
of, 9 ff.
Ethics, definition of, 4 ff.; differ-
entia of, 7 ff.; and metaphysics,
17 ff.; methods of, 20 ff.; as a
normative science, 23 n. 3; and
politics, 16 f.; and psychology,
13 ff.; theoretical and practical,
22 f.; value of, 23 ff.
Eudæmonism, 126 n. 1, 127 n. 1, 180
ff., 184 ff.
Evaluation, 5.
Explanation, 2 f.
Faust, 289.
Fiat, 212 ff.
Fichte, on free will, 325; on moral
motive, 269 f.
Freedom, of will, 316 ff.; conscio
ness of, 334 ff.; criticism of, 329
ff.; and determinism reconciled,
327 ff.; of indifference, 325 f.,
329 ff.; and metaphysics, 324 ff.;
and science, 320; and theology,
323 f.
Genesis of conscience, 93 ff
Effects of action, 118 ff., 134 ff., Gerson, 117.
258 ff.; motives and, 141 ff.
Effort, feeling of, 216 f.
Egoism, 126 f.; altruism and, 258
ff.; criticism of, 263 ff.; as moral
motive, 272 ff.
Emotional intuitionists, 36 ff.;
criticism of, 91 ff.
Empirical theory of conscience, 47
ff.; and intuitionism reconciled,
59 ff.
End justifies the means, 146 ff.
Gizycki, G. von, 73, 175.
Golden age, 308 ff.
Good, see Highest Good.
Good will, 142 ff.
Green, 63 n. 1, n. 3, 325 n. 1.
Guyau, 72, 80, 93 n. 1, 111 n. 1; on
pleasure-theory, 222 n. 1.
Hamlet, 287, 289.
Happiness and virtue, 303 ff.
Hartley, on conscience, 56 f.; on | Instincts, 210, 224 f.; explanations
sympathy, 262 n. 7.
Hartmann, 289 n. 1.
Hedonism, 126, 155 ff.; critique of,
205 ff.; metaphysical, 247 f.; psy-
chological fallacies of, 236 ff.;
summary of history of, 176 ff.
Hedonistic psychology, 217 ff.
Hegel, 325.
Hegesias, 159.
Helvétius, 262; on conscience, 53.
Herbart, 41, 83 n. 3.
Heredity, conscience and, 70 ff.,
101 ff.; environment and, 313 ff.
Highest good, 205 ff., 250 ff.; biol-
ogy and, 276 ff.; and criterion
of morality, 155 ff.; and moral-
ity, 278 ff.; theories of, 155 ff.
Hobbes, on conscience, 47 f.; on
egoism, 261; on highest good, 190
Höffding, 73, 200, 230 n. 1, 257 n. 1,
262 n. 7; on motives, 228; on will, |
Holbach, 53 n..
.5, 262.
Humanity, ideal of, 253 ff.
Hume, 36 n. 1, 141 n. 1, 177, 262 n. 7,
276; on conscience, 39 ff.; on ego-
ism, 265 n. 1, 266, 267 n. 1; on
highest good, 166 f.
Hutcheson, 132 n. 1, 143 n. 1, 177,
262 n. 7; on conscience, 36 n. 1,
38 f.; on highest good, 165 f.
Huxley, 256 n. 1.
Hypothetical imperatives, 133 ff.
Ideal of humanity, 253 ff.
Ideals, 250 ff.
Ideo-motor action, 211.
Immediacy of conscience, 105 ff.
Impulses, 227 f., 233 f.; physiology
of, 233 f.; and pleasure-pain,
237 f.; and virtues, 312 f.
Impulsive acts, 211 f.
Inclination and duty, 107 ff.
Indeterminism, criticism of, 329 ff.
Infallibility of conscience, 105 ff.
Innate elements in conscience,
100 ff.
Ladd, 98 n. 2, 230 n. 1, 233 n. 4, 240
n. 3; on conscience, 98 n. 2; on
egoism, 265 n. 2.
Lamettrie, 53 n. 5, 262.
La Rochefoucauld, 262.
Lear, 303.
Lecky, 85, 87, 279.
Leibniz, 12 n. 1, 86 n. 1, 164 n.3;
on free will, 326, 333.
Livermore, 315.
Locke, 177; on conscience, 48 ff.;
on highest good, 163 f.
Lotze, 214 n. 2.
Mackenzie, 63 n. 3.
Maine, 278 n. 2.
Mainlander, 289 n. 1.
Mandeville, 53 n. 5; on egoism,
261 f.
Marcus Aurelius, 187.
Marshall, 240 n. 3.
Martineau, 9, 36 n. 1, 81, 85, 142,
178 n. 1; on conscience, 43 ff.; on
free will, 331 f.
Materialism, 324 ff.
Memory, 243 f.
Optimism, 286 ff.
Original sin, 306 f.
Pain, as a motive, 232 ff.; as a
negative quantity, 296 ff.; as a
warning, 242 ff.
Paley, 150, 177, 262 n.7; on con-
science, 54 f.; on highest good,
167 f.
Paul, St., 122.
Paulsen, 73, 115, 125 n. 1, 127 n. 1,
143, 200, 242, 253 f., 259 n. 3, 260,
262 n. 7, 303, 327 f.
Metaphysics, ethics and, 17 ff.; and Pelagius, 29, 324 n. 2.
Mill, James, 57 n. 1, 169 n. 4.
Mill, J. S., 57 n. 1, 126 n. 1, 151 n.
1, 137 n. 1, 177 ff., 207, 226, 262 n.
7, 313; Bentham and, 172 f.; on
highest good, 169 ff.
Perceptional intuitionists, 42 ff.
Perfection-theory, 180 ff.
Pessimism, 286 ff.; and civili-
zation, 299 ff.; emotional, 293 ff.;
intellectual, 291 f.; different
kinds of, 290 ff.; scientific, 289
ff.; subjective, 287 ff.; volitional,
303 ff.
Phylogenesis, 100.
Moral action, 269 ff.; moral codes,
137 ff.; moral evaluation, 5;
moral insanity, 3, 4 ff.; moral
motives, 269 ff.; moral philoso-Plato, 123; on highest good, 181 ff.
phy, 5.
Moralistic pessimism, 303 ff.
Morality, criterion of, 116 ff.; cri-
terion of, and highest good, 155
ff.; and ethics, 23 ff.; and highest
good, 278 ff.; and prosperity, 137
ff.; theological view of, 117 f.
Motives, 206; of action, 209 ff., 261
ff.; and effects, 141 ff.; egoistic
and altruistic, 253 ff.; moral,
269 ff.
Muirhead, 63 n. 3.
Münsterberg, 73, 233 n. 3.
Pleasure, as a bait, 242 ff.; as end
of all existence, 239 ff.; as high-
est good, 207 ff.; as the moral
end, 249; as motive, 218 ff.; of
race, as motive, 239.
Pleasure-pains, as consequence of
action, 239 ff.; as the only feel-
ings, 230, 237; and impulses,
237 f.; as motives, 212, 228 ff.;
physiology of, 246 f.; and preser-
vation, 242 ff.
Pleasure-theory, 155 ff.
Plotinus, 188 n. 1.
Politics, ethics and, 16 f.
Porter, 35 n. 1.
Practical ethics, 285; and theoreti-
cal ethics, 22 f.
Practical philosophy, 5.
Practice, theory and, 5 n. 3, 22 f.
Prayer, 214 n. 2, 233 n. 2.
Preservation, pleasure-pain and,
242 ff.
Psychology, ethics and, 13 ff.
Riehl, on free will, 330, 333; on re- Stephen, 72, 144 f., 262 n. 7; on
Sanction of morality, 129 ff., 146.
Schelling, on free will, 333.
Schoolmen, on conscience, 30 ff.
Schopenhauer, 97 n. 2, 213 n. 1, 232
n. 2, 289 n. 1, 307, 325; on free
will, 319; on moral motive, 269 f.;
on pessimism, 294 ff.; on will, 215
n. 2.
Schwarz, H., 42 n. 1.
Science, and free will, 320; func-
tion of, 1 ff.; interrelation of,
12 ff.; subject-matter of, 3 f.
Self-evidence, of conscience, 90 f.;
of moral rules, 118.
Selfishness and sympathy, 267 ff.
Seneca, 187.
Sensation, and pleasure-pain, 243.
Sergi, 232 n. 2.
Seth, J., 63 n. 3, 200.
Shaftesbury, 261, 262 n. 7; on con-
science, 36 n. 1, 37 f.; on highest
good, 194 f.
Shakespeare, 287, 303.
Sidgwick, H., 113 n. 1, 177, 179,
203 n. 1, 207, 240 n. 3, 262 n. 7;
on consciousness of freedom, 334;
on highest good, 173 ff.; on mo-
tive of action, 222 n. 2; on un-
conscious pleasure-pain, 235.
Simmel, 73.
Smith, A., 41, 262 n. 7.
Socrates, 27, 123; on highest good,
180 f.
Spencer, 259 n. 1, 262 n. 7; on con- Virtue and happiness, 303 ff.
Virtues, and impulses, 312 f.; and Williams, 259 n. 2, 274 n. 1,
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