31. Before we can learn the full conjugation of a v must acquaint ourselves with all the parts of the au verbs-Shall and Will; Have and Be. (i) If be means existence merely (as in the sentence GODI called a notional verb; if it is used in the formation of the voice, it is an auxiliary verb. In the same way, have is a verb when it means to possess, as in the sentence, "I have a s 32. The following are the parts of the verb Shall : (Should comes from an old dialectic form shol.) 33. The following are the parts of the verb Will : (i) Shall and will are used as Tense-auxiliaries. As a tense-a shall is used only in the first person. Thus we say, I shall thou wilt write; he will write-when we speak merely of futur (ii) Shan't is = shall not. Won't is=wol not, wol being an older form of will. We find wol also in wolde-an old spelling of would. (iii) Shall in the 1st person expresses simple futurity; in the 2d and 3d persons, authority. Will in the 1st person expresses determination; in the 2d and 3d, only futurity. 34. The following are the parts of the verb Have :— (i) Hast=havest. Compare e'en and even. (ii) Had=haved. Same in form as in the Indicative; but with no inflexion second person. Past Perfect Tense. Same in form as in the Indicative; but with no inflexion second person. Plural: Have! IMPERATIVE MOOD.-Singular: Have! INFINITIVE MOOD.—Present Indefinite: (To) have. Perfect: (To) hav PARTICIPLES.-Imperfect: Having. Past (or Passive): Had. Compound Perfect (Active): Having had. 35. The following are the parts of the verb Be : IMPERATIVE MOOD.-Singular: Be! Plural: Be! INFINITIVE MOOD.-Present Indefinite: (To) be. Present Per (To) have been. PARTICIPLES.-Present: Being. Past: Been. Compound: Havir We find the short simple form BE! in Coleridge's line "Be, rather than be called, a child of God!" (i) It is plain from the above that the verb Be is made up of fr of three different verbs. As when, in a battle, several compan regiment have been severely cut up, and the fragments of th came out safely are afterwards formed into one company, so ha with the verb be. Hence the verb ought to be printed thus : Am was been. The m in a Comp (ii) Am is a different verb from was and been. same as the m in me, and marks the first person. same as the th in thou, and marks the second person. and shal-t. Is has lost the suffix th. The Germans retain this ist. Are is not the O.E. plural, which was sind or sindon. are was introduced by the Danes. [The Danish word to this which we have learned to pronounce ar, as we do the er in c Derby.] 7 (iii) Was is the past tense of the old verb wesan, to be. In the dialects of England it appears as war-the German form. (iv) Be is a verb without present or past tense. (v) (a) Be is a notional or principal verb when it means to "God is." (b) It is also a principal verb when it is used as a copula, as in the sentence, "John is a teacher," where the is e to connect John and teacher in the mind. In such instances it a Copulative Verb or Copula. |