What is the U.S. Role in Combating the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic?: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, July 22, 1999U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000 - 280 páginas |
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Administration African countries African Medicines Act AIDS crisis AIDS drugs AIDS epidemic amendment antiretroviral drugs Article Bristol-Myers Squibb Chairman clinical committee compulsory licensing Congress costs deaths developing countries developing world disease drug companies Drug Policy drug treatment effective efforts ensure essential drugs funding global HIV/AIDS epidemic hearing HIV infection infrastructure intellectual property rights issue licensing and parallel Malawi Medicines Act Members ment MICA million Nkhoma opportunistic infections orphaned pandemic parallel imports patent protection percent pharmaceutical companies pharmaceutical industry PhRMA population prevention problem programs public health recent regimens research and development role SCHAKOWSKY Siegfried South Africa South African Medicines Special 301 statement sub-Saharan Africa testimony Thailand Thank therapy transmission treat TRIPS Agreement tuberculosis U.S. Government Uganda UNAIDS United USTR vaccine Vice President virus women World Health Organization worldwide Zambia Zimbabwe
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Página 63 - Article, patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to the place of invention, the field of technology and whether products are imported or locally produced.
Página 103 - Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator
Página 64 - Members may also exclude from patentability: (a) diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals; (b) plants and animals other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological processes.
Página 63 - Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.
Página 65 - Kember in the case of a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency or in cases of public non-commercial use.
Página 67 - The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order prompt and effective provisional measures: (a) to prevent an infringement of any intellectual property right from occurring, and in particular to prevent the entry into the channels of commerce in their jurisdiction of goods, including imported goods immediately after customs clearance; (b) to preserve relevant evidence in regard to the alleged infringement.
Página 64 - Members may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
Página 63 - Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3, patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application.
Página 65 - ... to remedy a practice determined after judicial or administrative process to be anticompetitive. The need to correct anti-competitive practices may be taken into account in determining the amount of remuneration in such cases. Competent authorities shall have the authority to refuse termination of...
Página 63 - For the purposes of dispute settlement under this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 above nothing in this Agreement shall be used to address the issue of the exhaustion of intellectual property rights.