but still fired with the love of liberty. Young girls strewed flowers in his path. Orators eulogized his noble life, newspapers were full of his praises, poets lauded him, and sermons were preached in his honor. Congress gave him a large tract of land and fitted up the ship Brandywine to carry him home. In 1834 he died, and Seward pronounced an eloquent oration in the New York senate on his career. To-day a bronze statue of him, given by the French in New York City, stands between Washington and Lincoln on Union Square. Later Visitors.-Napoleon III., emperor of France, Dickens the novelist, Marryat the English traveler, and the Prince de Joinville visited New York in one year (1839). Later came Lady Franklin, Garibaldi the Italian patriot, the Prince of Wales, now Edward VII. of England, Prince Arthur, the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, the Emperor and Empress of Brazil, and many eminent scientists, scholars, orators, artists, musicians, travelers, and business men from all parts of the world. Not a few came as exiles for political or religious reasons, and became excellent citizens of their adopted country. IV. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1812-1835 1. Primary Sources Watson, "History of the ... Western Canals in the State of New Watson, "Annals and Occurrences of New York City and State." Barber and Howe, "Historical Collections of the State of New York." Williams, "New York Annual Register" (1830-1840). State Assembly and Senate Documents. Newspapers. United States Census (1820, 1830). Dwight, "Travels in New England and New York" (1821-22). Gordon, "Gazetteer of the State of New York." Munsell, “ Collections on the History of Albany,” Vols. II. and III. "The Annals of Albany." 10 vols. 66 "Constitutional Convention of 1821." Staats, "De Witt Clinton." Hosack, “Memoir of De Witt Clinton." 2. Secondary Sources Bruce, "The Empire State in Three Centuries," II., pp. 52–128. Lossing, "Empire State," pp. 387-487. Randall, "History of New York State." Roberts, "New York," II., pp. 524–578. Brooks, "Story of New York," pp. 145-219. Wilson, "Memorial History of the City of New York," III., pp. 219-364. Jenkins, "Lives of the Governors of the State of New York.” Lamb, "History of the City of New York," II., pp. 587-727. Booth, "History of the City of New York," pp. 700-742. Roosevelt, "New York," pp. 145–190. Todd, "Story of the City of New York." Thompson, "History of Long Island." Stiles, "History of the City of Brooklyn," II., pp. 1-249. Hotchkins, "History of . . . Western New York." Turner, "Pioneer History of the Holland Purchase." 66 Hammond, History of Political Parties in the State of New York." 3 vols. Ketchum, "History of Buffalo." 2 vols. Renwick, "Life of De Witt Clinton." Baker, "Works of William H. Seward," IV., p. 206. Campbell," Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton." Historical Magazines. Local Histories. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1812. Common-school system organized. 66 Bank of America chartered. 66 West Point Military Academy established. 66 Battle of Sacketts Harbor. 66 Gideon Hawley Superintendent of Schools. 1814. Appropriations to colleges. 66 Canal meetings in New York and Albany. 1816. $20,000 voted for Erie Canal. 66 66 66 Slavery abolished after July 4, 1827. Bucktail and Clintonian parties formed. 1819. Canal opened from Rome to Utica. 1820. Controversy between Clinton and Legislature. 1821. Constitutional Convention called. 1822. New York adopts her second Constitution. 66 Delaware and Hudson Canal completed. 1829. Banking law passed. Presidential electors chosen by general ticket. Van Buren made Secretary of State. Throop chosen Governor. Chenango and Chemung canal bills. John Jay dies. 1831. First railroad opened between Albany and Schenectady. 1832. Marcy made Governor. 66 Van Buren elected Vice-President. 1833. Chemung Canal completed. 1834. Whig party formed. 1835. State banks loan state $5,000,000. Provision for the education of teachers. 66 III. RAILROADS AND PROSPERITY CHAPTER XXXIV.-SOCIAL MOVEMENTS The Antimasons originated in 1826. William Morgan, a thriftless Virginia printer and jack of all trades living at Batavia, New York, was writing a book to reveal the secrets of the masonic order of which he was a member. Threats and inducements were alike disregarded, so the masons of Batavia conspired with their brethren in western New York to abduct him. He was arrested first for theft, then for debt, and put in jail at Canandaigua (Sept. 12). He was taken from the jail, driven, bound and gagged, to the magazine at Fort Niagara, and then suddenly disappeared (Sept. 29). The greatest excitement prevailed, and committees of safety arose. The masons were charged with his murder. A body found in Niagara River was identified as his, but the masons charged Thurlow Weed with having mutilated it to make it resemble Morgan. Agitation in the State. Mass-meetings were held to suppress the secret order and to hunt down the murderers. Books and pamphlets appeared denouncing the deed. The masons simply ignored the charge. Washington, Jefferson, and Jackson had belonged to the order, and Clinton was head of the lodge in New York. The members covered the state like a spider's web, influenc 167 |