T.

TAXATION, mode of valuation as basis of it, 21.
Amount borne by United States, 32. Different
modes of, 38, 39, 55, 64, 77. Difficulties in regard
to, under the Confederation, 112. Proportion of
suffrage in the legislature to be regulated by, 127,
130, 375, 377, 379. To be laid and collected by
Congress, 130, 378, 462, 500. Not to be laid on
exports, 130, 379, 432, 454, 561. Capitation to be
in proportion to number of inhabitants ascer-
tained by census, 130, 379, 391, 559. Direct, to
be in proportion to number of inhabitants ascer-
tained by census, 130, 316, 375, 379, 559. Direct,
to be in proportion to representation, 302, 310,
375, 379, 391, 559. Direct, to be in proportion to
the free inhabitants and three fifths of the slaves,
304, 305, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Proportion of,
before a census, 30i, 307, 316,451,453,550. On
the migration or importation of slaves, 379, 457,
471,477, 561. Means of direct taxation, 451.
Proposal to raise it by requisitions, 453. Com-
promise between the Northern and Southern
States as to that on exports, navigation, and
slaves, 460, 471. To be laid only to pay debts
and necessary expenses, 462, 469, 560. Capita-
tion, 130, 379, 470. On navigation, 130, 379, 461,
470. To be uniform among the states, 478, 484,
489, 502, 543, 560.

TEMPLE, SIR W., 175.

TEMPLE, MR., admission of, as British consul,

101.

TENURE, of the judiciary, 128, 131, 156, 190, 205,
3:9, 376, 380, 563. Of the executive, 128, 142,
149, 190, 325, 327, 334, 338, 363, 365, 369, 375, 380,
472, 507, 512, 562.

TENDER, none to be authorized by the states but
gold and silver, 131, 381, 484, 561. Bills of credit
not to be made one, 434, 435, 561.

TERM, of the executive, 128, 142, 149, 190,205,
325, 327, 334, 338, 363, 365, 359, 375, 380, 472, 507,
512, 562.
Of residence and citizenship of the
President, 162, 562. Of the Senate, 127,129,185,
190, 205, 241, 375, 377, 559. Of the representa-
tives, 127, 129, 183, 189, 205, 224, 375, 377, 558.
Of residence and citizenship for members of
Congress, 379 389 398,411, 559. Of the judi-
ciary, 128, 131, 156, 190, 205, 369, 376, 380, 563.
Of census, 301, 375, 379, 559.

TERRITORY. See LANDS, PUBLIC. Expense of
their government, 92. Discontent in regard to
Spain and the Mississippi, 101, 107. That of
each state guarantied, 128, 157, 182, 190. De-
cision of controversies about, between the states,
131, 379, 471, 493, 497. Regulation of, by Con-
gress, 439, 493, 564.

TEST of religion not to be required, 446, 498, 564.
TITLE, of nobility, not to be given, 130, 131, 379,

381, 561. Of the President, 131, 380, 471. Not to
be accepted, 467, 561.

TOBACCO, exported under passports from Con-
gress, 43, 47. Virginia opposes the right to grant
them, 43, 47.

TORIES, stipulations concerning, in provisional
articles, 88, 89.

TRADE. See IMPOST; NAVIGATION. Reciprocal,
with Britain and West Indies, 19. Treaties in
regard to, ought to be carefully considered, 85.
Convention at Annapolis to regulate it, 113. Be-
tween the states, under the Confederation, 115,
118, 119. Regulation of, by Congress, 130, 191,
378, 478, 560. Between the states, 478, 484, 489,
502, 539, 545, 548, 552 With the Indians, 439,
462, 597, 560.

TREASON, members of Congress may be arrested
for, 138, 378, 500. Definition and punishment
of, 130, 379, 447, 563. President to be removed
for, 131, 380, 480, 528, 563. Pardon in cases of,
5:5

TREASURER may be appointed by Congress by
ballot, 130, 378, 436, 542.

TREATY, commercial one with Dutch, 27, 38, 119.
Commercial one with Sweden, 12. With Austria
proposed, 52. Preliminary articles with Great
Britain negotiated and signed, 65, 68, 73, 74, 105.
Secret article relative to Florida and Spain, 65,
67, 68, 71 72 73, 74. Commercial, with Russia
proposed, 84, 89. Provisional articles ratified by
Congress, 86, Commercial, with the British, 88,
101. With Spain, relative to boundaries and the
Mississippi, 98. Operation of, on the states under
the Confederation, 99, 119, 126. Infractions of
British treaty, 119, 120, 126. Violations of, by
the states during the Confederation, 119, 127.
Infractions of that with France, 119. President
to have an agency in them, 469. To be made by
the Senate, 131, 205, 245, 379, 428, 469. To be
made by the President, with the advice of the
Senate, 205, 507, 522, 562. Not to be made oy,
the states, 131. To be the supreme law, 131,
192, 322, 375, 379, 467, 478, 483, 564. To be en-
forced by Congress, 130, 192, 379, 467. Ratifica.
tion of them, 469, 507, 524. The power of the
Senate in regard to, 131, 205, 245, 379, 428, 469,
508, 524, 526, 562. Laws of states contravening
them to be negatived by Congress, 127, 190.
Plans of, to be prepared by the secretary of for-
eign affairs, 446. Not to be published in the
Journal of the Senate, 408. How far they are to
be considered as laws, 382, 483. Between the
states without consent of Congress, 208, 381.
Between the states and the Indians, 208. Be-
tween the states not sufficient for a union, 132,
206. Effect of their violation on the rights of the
parties, 207.

TRENTON, Congress adjourns to meet there, 94.
TRIAL, to be in the state where the crime is com-
mitted, 131, 381, 484, 563. Of impeachments,
462, 484, 507, 528, 529, 534, 559.

TROOPS not to be kept by states during peace,
131, 381, 445, 548, 561.

TRUMBULL, JONATHAN, nominated as secre-
tary of foreign affairs, 91.

TUCKER, ST. GEORGE, appointed to convertion
at Annapolis, 113, 114.

TYLER, MR., proposes the appointment of dele-
gates to the convention at Annapolis, 114.

U.

UNIFORMITY, of commercial regulations, the ob-
ject of the convention at Annapolis, 113, 114.
As to bankruptcy and naturalization needed dur
ing the Confederation, 120. Of regulations rela.
tive to trade between the states, 478, 484, 489,
502, 540, 545, 548, 552. Of regulations relative
to bankruptcy, 488, 503, 504, 560.

UNION, a more lasting one than that of the Con-
federation desired, 111, 116, 117. Commercial
regulations necessary to preserve it, 113. Endan
gered by conflicting regulations of the states, 113
Glootny prospects of, in 1787, 119, 120. Division
of, desired by some, 96, 120. Its dangerous situ-
ation in 1787, 127. Merely federal, not sufficient,
132. To be divided into senatorial districts, 138.
Objects of it, 161. How to be dissolved, 206. Its
nature, 207. Necessity of it, 210, 255, 257,258,
276. Proposed, by throwing the states into one
mass, and dividing them anew, 194, 202, 211.
UNITED STATES, government to be so styled,
129, 377, 382, 559. To form a corporation, 446,
Treason against them, as distinguished from that
against the individual states, 448.

UNITY of the executive, 140, 149, 150, 165, 190,
192, 197, 322, 358, 375, 380, 471, 562.
UNIVERSITY, establishment of, by Congress.
130, 440, 544.

ས.

VACANCY, in the House of Representatives, 129,
377, 559. In the Senate, 129, 377, 395, 559. In
the executive, 131, 380, 480, 507, 508, 520, 522,
562-

VALUATION. See LAND. Mode of making val-
uation discussed, 24, 34, 43, 45, 46, 63, 77.
Committee appointed to report mode of, 5, 24.
Discussion whether it should be made by the
states, 21, 24, 46, 48. Period during which
valuation of land should continue, 46, 47, 77.
VARNUM, MR., views of operation of treaties on
the states, 98. Remarks on admission of British
consul, 101. Remarks on negotiations about the
Mississippi, 102, 104. Letter relative to Rhode
Island. (APPENDIX, p. 577.)

VERGENNES, COUNT, intercedes for Captain
Asgill, 2. Remarks on course of American com-
missioners in negotiations at Paris, 17, 66, 68, 74,
76. Urges establishment of revenue to pay debt
to France, 76. Writes to Luzerne relative to
loans and negotiations, 76, 77.
VERMONT, disregards recommendation of Con-
gress, 4.
Alleged intrigues of Knowlton and
others there with British, 7, 8, 10, 31. Proceed-
ings in Congress in regard to them, 8, 10, 12, 14,
25, 44. Remonstrance from, against proceedings
of Congress, 44.

VETO. See NEGATIVE. See REVISION.
VICE-PRESIDENT, his election, 507, 520, 562.
His powers and duties, 507, 508, 520, 559. Im-
peachment and removal, 529.

VIRGINIA, repeals her laws authorizing impost
duties, 17. Denies right of Congress to grant
passports for tobacco, 43, 47. Her delegates in
Congress, November, 1787, 1. Votes for Mr.
Bland as President, 1. Repeals the impost, and
declares her inability to pay her quota, 33, 37, 40.
43. Opposes abatement in apportionment of
certain states, 58. Interested in general revenue,
60. Number of inhabitants, and proportion of
contribution, in 1783, 82. The completion of her
cession of western lands urged, 87. Discussion
of her cession resumed in Congress, 91, 92.
Desires to confine her within Alleghany, 93.
Enlists troops, on account of insurrection in
Massachusetts, 94. Instructions relative to the
Mississippi, 97, 103. Sends papers relative to
Spanish seizures, 99, 100, 101. Prohibits impor-
tation of various articles, 119. Averse to extend-
ing power of Congress of the Confederation, 113.
Appoints delegates to the convention at Annapo-
lis, 113, 115. Passes law appointing delegates to
the Federal Convention, 116. Prefers a revision
of the Confederation by a convention instead of
Congress, 116. Proceedings relative to Federal
Convention, 116. Sends delegates to the Federal
Convention, 123. Advocates equal vote of large
and small states in the convention, 125. Looked
to for a plan for the new government, 126, Pro-
portion of representation in the House of Repre-
sentatives before a census, 129, 283, 290, 316, 375,
377, 559. Proportion of represent tion in the
Senate before a census, 129. Desires a propor-
tional representation in both branches of Congres
240. Proportion of electors of President, 338, 339,
562. Opinions there about the Federal Constitu-
tion, 567, 568, 569, 571, 574, 576.

VOTE, rule in committee of whole discussed, 45.
When that of nine states required, 61, 62, 88, 92,
102, 103. Difficulties in regard to, in Confedera-
tion, 111. Equality of, insisted on by Delaware
for each state, 124. Equality of, in the convention,
objected to, 125. Of two thirds in Congress
required in certain cases, 166, 379, 407, 508.
Required to reenact laws returned by the Presi-
dent, 128, 130,151,155,376,378,560. Equality
of, in Congress, 135, 173, 194, 248, 250, 317. On
money bills to be in proportion to contribution,
266.

Mode of, when Congress elects by ballot,
382. In the Senate per capita, 356, 377, 397, 559.
By yeas and nays, 378, 407. Of the Senate on

impeachments, 507, 559. Of the Senate in elect-
ing a President, 507, 512, 514. Of the Senate on
treaties, 508, 524, 526, 562. Of the representa-
tives in electing a President, 519,562.

W.

WAR, reorganization of department of, 82, 99.
Not provided for sufficiently by the Articles of
Confederation, 127. Levying in cases of treason,
130,379,563 To be declared by the Senate, 131.
Not to be engaged in by the states, 131, 381, 561.
Ought not to depend on the executive, 140. To
be made by Congress, 379, 439, 561. Department
of, 442, 446, 462.

WASHINGTON, GENERAL, informs Congress
of discontents of army, 66. Directed to arrest
Luke Knowlton, in Verinont, 8. Communicates
certificate of Mr. Chittenden, 25. Said to be
unpopular from opposition to proceedings of the
army about their pay, 55. Addresses officers of the
army about their pay, 73. Announces satisfac-
tion of army, 82. Recommends soldiers retain-

ing their arms, 87. Statue of, proposed, 88. To
carry into effect arrangements for delivery of
posts, negroes, &c., by British, 88. Delegate to
Federal Convention from Virginia, 116. Receives
from Mr. Madison his plan of a national govern-
ment, 121. Attends Federal Convention, 123.
Elected President, 123. Addresses the Conven-
tion on taking the chair; 124. Remarks of Dr.
Franklin in regard to, 147. Wishes the ratio of
representation reduced, 555. Disapproves the
exclusive provision as to money bills, but yields
it for the sake of compromise, 420. Signs the
Constitution, 564. Written to by Mr. Madison,
on public affairs, 566, 568, 509, 572.
WAYNE, GENERAL, 19.

WEBSTER, MR., deputy of Massachusetts line to
Congress, 26.

WEBSTER, NOAH, proposes a national govern-
ment, 118.

WEBSTER, PELATIAH, proposes a Federal
Convention, 117.

WEIGHTS, standard of, may be fixed by Congress,
130, 378, 434, 488, 560.

WESTERN TERRITORY. See LANDS, PUBLIC;
TERRITORY.

WEST INDIES, trade with, 19, 119.

WHARTON, SAMUEL, represents Delaware in
Congress, 1.

WHITE, PHILLIPS, represents New Hampshire
in Congress, 1.

WHITES, as to distinguishing them in enumera-
tions under the Confederation, 46, 48, 79.
WIDGERY, MR., course in Convention of Massa-
chusetts on Federal Constitution, 572.
WILLIAMSON, HUGH, represents North Carolina
in Congress, 1. Opposes exchange of Cornwallis
for Colonel H. Laurens, 7. Moves for committee
relative to Mr. Howell's letter, 13. Proposes
pledge of secrecy in certain cases, 29. Advocates
purchase of books by Congress, 27. . Discussed
plan of permanent revenus, 35, 41. Opposes
military force to retake goods seized while under
passport, 50. Opposes discriminations among
public creditors, 53. Opposes limiting duration
of impost, 54. Remarks on the conduct of com-
missioners at Paris, 69. Advocates apportion-
ment by numbers, 79. Remarks on proportion
of freemen and slaves in apportioning the contri
butions of states, 72. Opposes hasty ratification
of provisional articles, 86 Remarks on disband-
ing the army, 89. Proposes that there be no
foreign ministers, except on extraordinary occa-
sions, 90. Remarks on rule of voting if new
states are admitted, 92. Attends the Federal
Convention, 123. Proposes impeachment of the
President for malpractice or neglect, 149. Prefers
the consent of an executive council to appoint

ments instead of either branch of the legislature,
522. Suggests the appointment by Congress of
a provisional successor of the President, 480.
Views as to the election of the President, 145,
324, 338, 358, 366, 509, 514, 515, 516, 517, 519.
Prefers six years for the presidential term, 339.
Wishes the proportion of electors among the
states to be the same as that of representatives,
340. Prefers an executive of three persons, 358.
Views as to the negative of the President on
laws, 536. Disapproves of the seat of govern-
ment being at a state capital, 374. Wishes the
Senate to be small, 166, Proposes six years as
the senatorial term, 241. Prefers the senators
voting per capita, 357. Advocates a proportional
representation of the states in Congress, 178, 250.
Prefers a payment of the representatives by the
state legislatures, 226. Thinks the ratio of
representation too great, 512, 530. Urges a com-
promise between the large and small states
relative to representation, 273. Desires repre-
sentation to be fixed by a periodical census, 295.
Approves of three fifths of the slaves as the prop-
er apportionment of representation, 296. Urges
the protection of the southern interest in appor-
tioning representation, 291. Objects to the plan
of compromise reported, 278, 282. Objects to
giving Congress too much latitude in fixing the
qualifications of its members, 404. Opposes a
short term of citizenship for members of Congress,
411. Views as to the eligibility of members of
Congress to office, 428, 505. Proposes that a vote
of two thirds be required on legislative acts, 166.
Opposes the negative of Congress on state laws,
171. Desires to preserve the efficiency of the
states, 240. Prefers a vote of two thirds to pass
a navigation act, 490. Approves of exclusive
right of representatives over money bills, 395,
423, 428. Approves of the prohibition of a tax on
exports, 433, 454. Views on the provisions rela-
tive to the importation of slaves, 460, 477. Ap-
proves of the prohibition on Congress to pass
attainders and ex post facto laws, 463. Doubts
whether controversies between the states should
be decided in all cases by the judiciary, 471.
Objects to a Vice-President, 522 Views on the
treaty power. 525, 526, 527. Thinks the territo-
r I claims of the states should be left unaltered,
494. Views as to the rule of representation as
applied to the new as well as to the old states,
289, 492. Thinks the oath should be reciprocal
in regard to the national and state constitutions,
352. Wishes a provision for the trial by jury,
538. Prefers the ratification of the Constitution
by conventions in the states, 355. Signs the
Constitution, 5 5.

WILSON, JAMES, proposes to refer resolutions,
relative to Vermont, to the secretary of war, 15.
Proposes to fix contributions of states by the num-
ber of inhabitants, 25. Advocates purchase of
books by Congress, 27. Discusses plan for per-
manent revenue, 32, 35, 37, 39, 48, 78. Urges
collection of revenue by officers of Congress,
34, 65. Representations in favor of creditors in
Pennsylvania, 42, 43. Complains of obscurity
of ordinance against piracy, 44. Advocates com-
mutation of half pay, 44. Advocates same rule
of voting in committee as in Congress, 45. Op-
poses military force to retake goods seized while
under passport, 50. Opposes discrimination
among public creditors, 51, 53. Advocates pub-
licity of debates, 52. Vindicates Robert Morris,
62. Opposes limitation on impost, 65. Advo-
cates general land tax, 67. Remarks on conduct
of American commissioners at Paris, 70, 73, 74,
75.
Advocates apportionment by numbers, 79.
Remarks on proportion of freemen to slaves in
fixing contributions of states, 79. Proposes a
system relative to public lands, 83. Objects to
proclamation about peace, 84. Remarks on ob-
scurity of provisional articles, 86. Remarks on
western limits of states, 87. Remarks on ex-
ecutive of Pennsylvania in regard to mutinous
conduct of troops, 92. Attends the Federal
Convention, 123. Reads Dr. Franklin's speeches
in the Convention, 122. Nominates Temple

Franklin as secretary. 124 Desires the depart
ments to be independent of each other, 43.
Wishes to guard the general government against
encroachments of the states, 172. Desires the
preservation of the state governments, 212, 221.
Contrasts the plans of Mr. Randolph and Mr.
Patterson, 195, 219. Thinks the separation from
Great Britain did not make the colonies inde-
pendent of each other, 213. Contrasts a national
with a merely federative government, 219 Itors
not think the individuality and sovereignty of the
states incompatible with a general government,
221. Opposes a committee to prepare a plan of
compromise between the large and small states on
the question of representation, 273. Wishes the
executive to consist of one person, 140, 141, 150
197. Views on the election of President, 142, 143,
322, 324, 337, 360, 362, 382, 472, 513, 516. Proposes
that the President be chosen by electors chosen by
the people, 144. Opposes removal of President by
Congress on application of the states, 148. Ob-
jects to an executive council, 151. Wishes the
President to have an absolute negative on the
legislature, 151, 152. Wishes a provision for the
impeachment of the President, 340. Urges a
council of revision of the President and judges,
344, 348, 429, 430. Prefers a long term for the
executive, 300. Thinks the power of the Presi
dent to parden should exist before conviction, 480.
Urges election of senators by the people, 138, 167,
239. Proposes to divide the Union into senatorial
districts, 138 Advocates six years as the sena
torial term, 241, 245. Opposes an equal vote of the
states in the Senate, 21, 315, 416. Proposes one
senator for every one hundred thousand persons,
266. Not satisfied with the plan, giving an equal
vote to the states in the Senate, 274, 285. Ob
jects to state executives filling vacancies in the
Senate, 395. Objects to the dissent of senators
being entered on the Journal, 407. Objects to
the Senate being united in the power of appoint-
ment, 523. Objects to the Senate being separately
convened, 530. Urges election of the representa-
tives by the people, 136, 160, 223. Advocates a
proportional representation of the states in Con......
gress, 177, 196, 239, 261, 311, 315. Suggests the
number of freemen and three fifths of the slaves
as a ratio of representation, 181. Advocates
the same proportion of representation in both
Houses, 182, 261, 315. Prefers annual elections
of the representatives, 225. Opposes the pay
ment of the representatives by the state legisla
tures, 227. Objects to the compensation of the
representatives being fixed, 227. Opposes quali-
fication of representatives as to age, 228. Op.
poses disqualifying representatives for office,
229, 231, 423, 506. Does not approve of exclu-
sive origination of money bills by the repre
sentatives, 282, 284, 416. Considers the adinis
sion of slaves into the ratio of representation a
matter of compromise, 301. Proposes that slaves
should be introduced into the ratio of taxation,
rather than representation, 304, Thinks the
rule for proportioning taxation to representation
should exist before as well as after a census, 307.
Thinks that population is the best rule, both for
estimating wealth and representation, 308. Ob
jects to disqualifying persons having unsettled
accounts as members of Congress, 372. Thinks
the vote by ballot, in Congress, should be a joint
one, 3-2.
Prefers making the qualification of
the electors of representatives the same with
those of electors of state legislatures, 385. Ob-
jects to residence as a necessary qualification
of a representative, 390. Remarks on a term of
citizenship required for members of Congress,
399, 411, 412. Thinks a quorum in Congress
should not be less than a maj rity, 406. Thinks
Journal of Congress should be published, 408.
Views as to the privileges of members of Con-
gress, 510. Desires a provision, to show that
the contracts of the Confederation will be ful-
filled, 332. Advocates a guaranty to the states
of republican institutions, and protection from
violence, 332, 333. Doubts the advantage of
requiring an oath to support the Constitution,

352. Objects to a prohibition to tax exports, 433,

455.

Views on the provision respecting treason,
448, 449, 450. Objects to prohibiting a tax on
the importation of slaves, 459. Objects to a vote
of two thirds to pass a navigation act, 461, 490.
His views in regard to attainders and ex post
facto laws, 463. Opposes the proposition to al-
low the states to appoint to national offices, 475.
Doubts whether habeas corpus should ever be
suspended, 484. Desires an absolute prohibition
on the states relative to paper money, 484.
Thinks the states should be prohibited from
passing laws impairing private contracts, 485.
Thinks the territorial rights of the United States
and individual states should not be altered, 494,
496. Views as to the effect of judicial acts of
the several states among each other, 504. Views
as to the treaty power, 523, 524, 526. Proposes
the appointment of the judges by the President,
155. Advocates a national judiciary, 159. Objects
to the appointment of the judges by the Senate
alone, 328. Objects to the removal of the judges
on application of Congress, 481. Proposes the
assent of three fourths of the states as necessary
to future amendments, 531. Views as to the
mode of ratifying the Constitution, 498, 499, 500.
Thinks unanimity of the states in ratifying the
Constitution should not be required, 158. Signs
the Constitution, 565. Is not a native of the
United States, 412

WITHERSPOON, DR JOHN, represents New
Jersey in Congress, 1.
WOLCOTT, OLIVER, opposes disclosure of ne-
gotiations relative to confiscations and British
debts, 26. Remarks on Virginia repealing the im-
post, 33, 41. Objects to crediting states with the
revenue collected on their imposts, 41. Objects
to coercive measures against Vermont, 44. Op-
poses commutation of half pay, 45, 57. Opposes
valuation of lands by commissioners appointed
by states, 48. Opposes alteration of impost, 49,
54. Remarks on conduct of American commis-
sioners at Paris, 68, 73, 74.

WYNKOOP, HENRY, represents Pennsylvania in
Congress, í.

WYTHE, GEORGE, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 123. Appointed on committee to prepare
rules for the Convention, 124. Reports rules for
the Convention, 126, 124.

Y.

YATES, ROBERT, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 123.

YEAS AND NAYS, objected to in the Conven-
tion, 124. Rule, requiring them, rejected, 124
To be entered on the Journal of Congress, 130,
378, 407, 560.