944, 284, 321, 347, 361, 387, 389. Their Parlia- ment commented upon, 173, 176, 257, 404, 415. Their Constitution not a proper guide, 188, 215, 234, 237, 283, 387.
BROOKS, COLONEL, a deputy from the army to Congress, 21, 23. Views on the Federal Con- stitution, 572.
BROOM, JACOB, attends the Federal Convention, 23. Opposes an adjournment of the Convention without adopting some plan, 318. In favor of electing the President by electors chosen by the state legislatures, 324, 338. In favor of the Pres- ident holding during good behavior, 325. In fa- vor of nine years as the senatorial term, 242. Claims an equal vote for the small states in the Senate, 293. Thinks members of Congress should be paid by the states, 426. In favor of a negative of Congress on the state laws, 468. Wishes officers in the army and navy excepted from the provision of ineligibility for Congress,
BURGOYNE, GENERAL, 6, 78. BURNET, MAJOR, 26, 58.
BUTLER, PIERCE, a delegate to the Federal Convention from South Carolina, 105. Attends the Federal Convention, 123. Proposes a rule to provide against absence from the Convention, and an improper publication of its proceedings, 125. Objects to reduce the power of the states, 138, 139. Approves of the distribution of the powers of government, 133. Views on the mode of electing the President, 355, 509. Objects to frequent elections of the President, 339. Desires the power of making war to be vested in the President, 438. In favor of a single executive, 149, 153. Opposes an absolute negative of the President, 153. Proposes to confer on the Presi- dent a power to suspend laws for a limited time, 154. Urges a settlement of the ratio of represen- tation in the Senate before deciding on that of the House, 240. Opposes compensation to sena- tors, 187. Proposes that senators be eligible to state offices, 247. Proposes that the states be represented in the Senate according to their property, 275. Thinks that two thirds of the Senate should make peace without the execu- tive, 524. Proposes that representation in the House of Representatives be according to con- tribution or wealth, 178, 181, 281, 290, 302, 303. Thinks representatives should be ineligible to office for a year after their term, 229, 230. Con- tends that blacks shall be equally included with whites in fixing the proportion of representation, 296, 302. Opposes an election of the representa- tives by the people, 137. Opposes too great a restriction of the right of suffrage for representa- tives, 385. Desires to increase the required period of residence of a representative in his district, 390. Opposes the admission of foreigners into Congress without a long residence, 398, 412. Thinks mem- bers of Congress should be paid by the states, 425. Thinks taxation should be apportioned to repre- sentation before a census, 452. Opposes the power of Congress to tax exports, 454, 461. Views as to the exclusive origination of money bills by the House, 189, 394. Does not desire to have a vote of two thirds to pass navigation acts, 490. Opposes the power of Congress to emit bills of credit, 434, 435. Thinks the regulation of the militia should be left to Congress, 444. Opposes the negative of Congress on the state laws, 174. Objects to inferior national tribunals, 159, 331. Views on the payment of creditors under the Confederation, 469, 471, 476. Proposes that fu- gitive slaves should be delivered up, 487, 492. Wishes the seat of government fixed by the Constitution, 374. Thinks the assent of Con- gress should be required to the inspection laws of the states, 539. Thinks no new state should be erected within the limits of another without its consent, 493. Proposes a ratification by nine states as sufficient, 499.
CADWALADER, LAMBERT, proceedings in re- gard to admission of a British consul, 101. CANADA, proposal to add it to the United States, 45. Certain inhabitants of, ask for grant of land, CANALS, power of Congress to make them, 543. 83. Indemnity to refugees from, 89. CAPITA, vote per capita, in the Senate, 356, 377, 398, 539.
CAPITATION TAXES, how proportioned, 130, 379, 471, 545, 561.
CAPTURES, ordinance of the Confederation regu- lating them, 16, 18. Treaty with the Dutch concerning them, 27. Under the jurisdiction of the judiciary by the Constitution, 128, 187, 192. Congress may legislate about, 130, 378, 436, 561. CARBERRY, leader of the mutiny at Philadelphia,
CARDS exempt fron duty, 63.
CARLETON, SIR GUY, his evasive conduct in regard to the murderers of Captain Huddey, 2, 3. His correspondence relative to a settlement of the accounts of the prisoners, 4. Sends the prelimi naries of peace, 74. Refuses to suspend hostili- ties, 80. Sends a proclamation of cessation of hostilities, 84.
CARMICHAEL, WILLIAM, letters from him, 1. CAROLINA. See NORTH CAROLINA and SOUTH CAROLINA.
CARRINGTON, EDWARD, views as to salaries, CARROLL, DANIEL, represents Maryland in 93. Knows Mr. Madison's sentiments, 575, 576. Congress, 1. Reports against the proposal of Pennsylvania to provide for public creditors with- in the state, 5. Advocates coercive measures against Vermont, 10. Proposes a letter to the governor of Rhode Island relative to Mr. How- ell's publications, 15. Considers an impost the only practicable tax, 55. Remarks on the conduct of the American commissioners at Paris, 74. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in apportioning the representation of the states, 79. Remarks on di-banding the army, 89. Pro- poses that there be no foreign ministers except on extraordinary occasions, 90. Attends the Federal Convention, 287. In favor of choosing the President by electors chosen by lot from the national legislature, 362. Advocates an election of President by the people, or by electors chosen by them, 472, 473. Is in favor of a negative on the acts of Congress, 430. Doubts relative to the senators voting per capita, 357. Proposes that senators may enter their dissent on the journal, 407. Proposes to confine the yeas and nays to the House of Representatives, 407. Does not think the apportionment of representation before a census should be a rule for taxation, 451. jects to members of Congress being paid by the states, 426. Thinks a vote of two thirds should be required to expel a member of Congress, 407. Remarks on bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, 463. Thinks more than a majority should be required in certain cases, 432. The discrimi- nation as to money bills, a continual source of difficulty, 420. Opposes the provision to dis- qualify persons having unsettled accounts from being members of Congress, 372. Thinks the states should be guarantied against violence, 333. Thinks the states should be allowed to lay ton- nage duties, to clear harbors, and build light houses, 548. Desires a regulation as to the trade between the states, 478, 503. Views in regard to the large territorial claims of the states, and the public lands, 494, 496. Views in regard to the ratification of the Constitution, 452, 499. Thinks an address to the people should accompany the Constitution, 546.
GAES within jurisdiction of the judiciary, 128, | COCOA, duty on, proposed, 67. 131, 187, 188, 205, 208, 332, 376, 380, 462, 471, 483, 535, 563. CATILINE, 153.
CENSUS triennial, proposed under the Confedera- tion, 64. As fixed by Congress in 1783, 82. Provision to be made for, in the Constitution, 129, 130, 375, 379. Senate to be apportioned after it by the representatives, 131. Representation to be apportioned by it, 279, 288, 294, 302, 305, 30. 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Term of, 302, 305, 316, 375, 379, 559. Direct taxation to be apportioned by it, 304, 305, 306, 375, 379, 559. When the first one shall be inade, 379, 451, 559. CESSATION of hostilities, 80, 84. CESSION. See LANDS, PUBLIC. CERTIFICATES, of loan-office, 54, 60, 83.
be given at a certain rate for paper money, 7, 14. To the army not to be paid to the states, 88. To the army for lands, 90. CHARLEMAGNE, 200.
CHARLESTON, its evacuation, 25.
CHARTER, powers of Congress in regard to, 440. CHESAPEAKE, jurisdiction over, 114. CHIEF JUSTICE, to preside on the impeach- ment of the President, 507, 559. To be a mem- ber of the executive council, 442, 445, 446, 462. To be a provisional successor of the President, 480. CHITTENDEN, THOMAS, 14, 25.
CINCINNATI, dangerous influence of that so- ciety, 367, 368.
CITIZEN, President to be, 462, 507, 562. Repre- sentatives to be, 129, 370, 376, 377, 389, 411, 559. Senators to be, 129, 370, 376, 377, 398, 414, 559. Of each state to have the privileges and iminu- nities of the others, 132, 381, 563. Of different states within the jurisdiction of the national judiciary, 128, 187, 380, 483, 563. Committing crimes in another state to be deemed guilty as if they had been committed by a citizen of the state, 192, 381.
CIVIL LIST, reduction of, 99.
CLARK, ABRAHAM, objects to military meas- ures against Vermont, 9, 10. Vindicates the propriety of making public the negotiations with Sweden, 13. Proposes to exempt the American commissioners from the control of France, 18. Remarks on the conduct of the commissioners at Paris, 68, 73, 75. Proposes to submit the im- post separately to the states, 73. Proposes to limit the apportionment, 77. Opposes the state debts being included in the general provision for the public debt, 78. Advocates an apportion- ment by numbers, 79. Urges the settlement of a system relative to public lands, 83. Remarks on disbanding the army, 89. Remarks on the ces- sion of public lands, 91, 92. Proposes a re- moval of the military stores from Springfield, 97. Remarks on the admission of a British consul, 101. Remarks on the negotiation relative to Mississippi, 102, 104.
CLARK, GENERAL, seizure of Spanish property, 100.
CLASSES, Senate divided into, 129, 241, 245, 270,
377, 397, 541, 559. States divided into, for the choice of senators, 171, 174.
CLEARANCE of vessels trading between the states, 479, 484, 502, 561.
CLINTON, GEORGE, his letter relative to Fed- eral Constitution, 574.
CLYMER, GEORGE, represents Pennsylvania in the Congress of the Confederation, 1. Spoken of as secretary of foreign affairs, 16, 91. Attends the Federal Convention, 124. Objects to ap- pointments by the Senate, 517. His views as to a duty on exports, 455. Prefers that the term "slaves" should not be introduced, 477. Views as to commercial regulations between the states, 487, 489. Views as to the ratification of the Constitution, 501, 534.
COERCION of the states by the general govern ment, 127, 140, 171, 192, 200, 217, 218. COIN, to be regulated by Congress, 130, 378, 434, 560. Congress to legislate on counterfeiting, 130, 378, 436, 500. The only tender by the states, 131, 381, 484, 561. Not be made by the states, 381, 546, 561.
COLONIES, their state before the revolution, 109. British, early design to tax them, 110. Nega- tive of Parliament on their laws, 173. Their mode of granting supplies, 180, Effect of the separation from Great Britain on their mutual independence, 213, 286. Trade with the West Indies proposed, 19, 119.
COLLECTION, of the duties and taxes by Con- gress, 130, 191, 378, 432, 462, 506, 560. Of reve- nue, jurisdiction over, 188, 192. Of taxes, to be for debt and necessary expenses, 462, 506. COLLECTORS, on the appointment of by Con- gress, 33, 63, 64, 65. Advocated by Mr. Hamil- ton, 35. Appointed by the states, 49, 54. COLLINS, JOHN, opposes the commutation of half pay, 57.
COLUMBIA, DISTRICT OF, Congress may es tablish, and have jurisdiction over, a seat of government, 130, 511, 561. A seat of govern- ment to be fixed by the Constitution, 374, 511. COMMAND of the army and navy in the Presi dent, 131, 205, 380, 562. Of the militia in the President, 131, 380, 480, 562.
COMMERCE, effect, during the Confederation, of regulations of, upon the states, 113, 119, 120. Regulations of, proposed to be made at Annapolis, 113. How regulated among the states by the Confederation, 115, 118, 119, 126. Could not be properly regulated under the Confederation, 127. To be regulated by Congress, 130, 192, 378, 433, 434, 534, 553, 560. Certain regulations of, to be by two thirds of Congress, 130, 379, 489, 552. ties and imposts to be laid and collected by Congress, 130, 191, 378, 544, 560. Department of, 466. Regulations of that between the states, 378, 433, 454, 478, 484, 486, 489, 502, 538, 540, 545, 548, 561. With the Indians, 439, 462, 507, 560.
COMMERCIAL TREATY with the Dutch, 27. With Austria, 52. With Russia, 84, 89. With the British, 88, 101.
COMMISSION, of Mr. Oswald, 16. To be given to officers by the President, 131, 380. To be in the name of the United States, 446. When it expires in a recess of the Senate, 524, 563. COMMISSIONERS on the boundary of Maryland and Virginia, 114. On the negotiations at Paris, 65. Control of France over them, 18, 36. Con- duct of those at Paris, 65, 68, 73, 74. On the adjustment of debts of the states, 86. On the cession of western lands, 92. On the valuation of lands, 48.
COMMITTEE In the Congress of the Confedera tion. On the resolutions of Virginia as to the export of tobacco, 48. On proceedings of execu tive departments, 80, 91. On a reorganization of the Court of Appeals under the Confederation, 2. On the differences between New York and Vermont, 4 On a valuation of land as a basis of taxation, 5, 24, 34, 43, 45, 46. On the frank ing privilege, 12. On the plan for permanent revenue, 18. On the memorial and deputation from the army, 20, 21, 22, 23. On the finances, 21, 80, 91. On increasing foreign loans, 26. the treaty of commerce with the Dutch, 27. On the purchase of books by Congress, 27. On the seizure of goods sent to prisoners under pass- port, 28, 50. On the means of restoring public credit, 57. On the discontents in the army at Newburg, 66. On a general arrangement of the government, consequent on the peace, 82. On a system relative to the public lands, 84, 92. On the ratification of provisional articles, 85. On the mutinous conduct of troops at Philadelphia
92. Rule of voting in the committee of the whole, 45. In the Federal Convention. On rules, appointed, 124. On rules, reports, 124. To be chosen by ballot, 125. Of the whole on Mr. Randolph's resolutions, 128, 132. Of the whole reports a series of propositions, 189. Of the whole given up, 191. Of a member from each state to propose a plan of compromise be- tween the large and small states, 270. Of detail
to prepare a draught of a Constitution, 357. Of detail has the resolutions adopted by the Con- vention referred to it, 374. Of detail has the plans of Mr. Pinckney and Mr. Patterson referred to it, 376. Of revision of the draught of the Constitution as amended, 530. Of revision re- ports the second draught of a Constitution, 535. COMMON DEFENCE to be provided for by the Constitution, 127, 506, 558.
COMMUTATION, allowance of, 30, 31, 44, 55, 57, 59, 61, 64, 72, 73, 128.
COMPACTS, between the states during the Con- federation, 120. Insufficient for a union, 132, 206. Between the states under the Constitution, 131, 381, 548, 561. Effect of their violation by the parties, 207. Nature of those made by the state legislatures, 354, 356.
COMPENSATION, of the executive, 128, 131, 190, 192, 343, 370, 376, 380, 562. Increase or dimi- nution of that of the executive not to be made during his term, 128, 192, 370, 376, 389, 562. Of the executive to be paid out of the national treasury, 343, 376. Of the executive not to be received from the states, 549. Of the electors of the President, 344. Of senators, 127, 130, 187, 190, 246, 271, 375, 378, 425, 560. Of Senators to be paid by the states, 187, 246, 378. Senators to receive none, 246, 271. Of representatives, 127, 130, 184, 189, 225, 230, 375, 378, 404, 425, 560. Of representatives to be paid out of the na- tional treasury, 185, 225, 230, 375, 425, 560. Of members of Congress should be fixed, 184, 189, 227, 560. How that of members of Congress should be fixed, 404, 553, 560. Of members of Congress to be paid by the states, 210, 226, 378. Of the judges, 128, 131, 153, 156, 190, 192, 330, 376, 380, 481, 563. Increase or diminution of that of the judges not to be made during their term, 128, 131, 155, 193, 192, 330, 376, 380, 482, 563. Of all officers to be fixed by the representa- tives, 274. It ought to be sufficient, 136, 228. COMPROMISE, of the vote of the large and small states in Congress, proposed by Mr. Ellsworth, 260. Dr. Franklin proposes one between the large and small states, 266. Mr. Pinckney pro- poses one between the large and small states, 270. Mr. Wilson proposes one between the large and small states, 266. Plan of, reported and dis- cussed, 274, 282, 283, 310, 316, 317, 318, 394, 395, 411, 418, 511, 514, 529. Between the North- ern and Southern States relative to slaves, navi- gation, and exports, 460, 461, 471, 489, 532. CONDITIONS to be made with new states, on their admission, 381, 492.
CONFEDERACY, Achæan, 208. Amphictyonic,
200, 208. Dutch, 149, 154, 196, 208. German, 199, 204, 208, 252. Lycian, 264. Swiss, 201, 208. CONFESSION OF TREASON, 451, 563. CONFISCATION, proceedings of states upon, discussed, 26, 88, 89.
CONFEDERATION. See ARTICLES OF CONFED- ERATION. Those of ancient times, 109 Pro- posed in the old Congress, 110. Great difficulties in adopting it, 111. Rule of voting under it, 45. Its powers of coercion towards Verinont, 12. Its inadequacy to furnish a revenue, 55. Encroach- ments of the states upon it, 173, 208. Its defects, 111, 115, 120, 126, 127, 133, 172, 180, 196, 197, 199, 210, 215, 219, 248. Its tottering condition, 106, 112. Amendment of it, 96, 106, 107, 191, 193, 354. Mode of its dissolution, 206, 214, 381. How far it is to be followed in the Constitution, 133. Fulfilment of its engagements, 128, 157, 332, 440, 441, 451, 463, 470, 471, 475, 564. Its legis- ! VOL. V. 77
lative rights to be conferred on the new Congress, 127, 139, 317. CONGRESS OF THE CONFEDERATION, 1754, meets at Albany, 110. 1774, meets at Philadel- phia, 110. Independence declared, 110. Articles of Confederation reported and debated, 110. Receives accounts of the mediation of Russia and Austria for peace, 1. Discusses the conduct of Col. H. Laurens, 6, 7. Discusses retaliatory measures for Huddy's murder, 2. Members pres- ent at the meeting on the 4th November, 1782, 1. Discusses the principles to be adopted in exchan- ging prisoners, 1. Appoints a committee to re- organize the Court of Appeals, 2. Agrees to release Captain Asgill, 2. Discusses the propriety of authorizing military commanders to retaliate, 3. Appoints Mr. Jefferson minister to negotiate peace, 4. Discusses the report relative to Ver- mont, 4, 12. Dissents to the proposal of Penn- sylvania to provide for the public creditors within the state, 5, 10, 29, 42. Appointment of a committee, and discussion on the mode of valua tion of land as a basis of taxation, 24, 34, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50. Discusses the mode of crediting the states for redemptions of paper money beyond their quotas, 7. Discusses the mode of proceed- ing with Vermont, 8, 10. Discusses the conduct of Mr. Howell in his letter published in a Provi dence newspaper, 13. Sends a deputation to Rhode Island to urge the impost, 13. Discusses the depreciation of paper money, 14. Much excited from distrust of the conduct of France in the negotiations for peace, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. 1783, discusses the rule of secrecy in their pro- ceedings, 22. Refuses to communicate Dr. Franklin's letter relative to the negotiations about refugees and British debts, 26. Passes a resolution complimentary to General Greene, 26. Refuses to purchase books, 27. Represents to the states the difficulty of paying the public cred- itors, 29. Discusses the adjustment of arrears of the army and debts to public creditors, 30, 44, 59. Discusses a plan for raising a permanent and adequate revenue, 32, 39, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55, 72, 77, 87, 112. Discusses the rule of voting, 45, 61. Discusses the proceedings on the seizure of goods under passport, 50, 54. Suspends the departure of Mr. Jefferson, 50. Declines making its discus- sions public, 52. Its powers as to revenue dis- cussed, 55. Discusses the establishment of duties. on specific articles, 60. Refuses an abatement of the proportions of certain states, 62. Refuses to adopt any general system of taxation, except duties on foreign commerce, or to change the ad valorem impost for a general tariff, 64, 65. Discusses the conduct of the American commis- sioners towards France in negotiating the treaty, 65, 68, 73, 74. Grants licenses to protect the whale fisheries, 73. Receives news of the pre- liminary articles of peace being signed, 74. Dis- cusses the proportion of whites and negroes in apportioning contribution, 79. Proposes to sus- pend hostilities, 80. Issues a proclamation of peace, 84. Proceedings on the provisional arti- cles, 85, 86, 88, 90. Agrees to indemnify the officers of the army, 88. Refuses to pay the states the certificates due to the troops of their lines, 88. Discusses a commercial treaty with the British, 19, 119. Votes a statue of Gen. Washington, 88. Discusses the propriety and mode of dis- banding the army, 89, 90. Discusses a system of foreign affairs, 90. Discusses a proposal to give the army certificates for land, 90. Resumes the discussion of the Virginia cession, 91, 92. Proceedings on the mutinous conduct of the troops at Philadelphia, 92, 93. Adjourns to Tren- ton, 94. Appoints a court to try the controversy between Connecticut and Pennsylvania, 102. 1787, proceedings relative to the insurrection in Massachusetts, 94. Proceedings relative to a Convention to revise the Federal Constitution, 96, 106. Discusses the effect of treaties on the states, 98, 107. Discusses the reduction of sala- ries and the civil list, 99. Discusses the proceed. ings of Spain about the Mississippi, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107. Discusses the admission of British.
consuls, 101. Discussion as to voting to suspend the use of the Mississippi, 103. Discussions rela- tive to the Federal Constitution, 566, 568. 1788, elects Cyrus Griffin president, 572. Its ineffi- ciency, 216, 248. Unable to counteract the commercial policy of the British, 119. Has lost confidence and influence at home and abroad, 120. Addresses the states on the necessity of harmony and yielding local considerations, 111. Not deemed so proper as a Convention to amend the Confederation, 116. Favors the idea of a convention as early as 1785, 118. Its legislative powers to be vested in the legislature under the Constitution, 127, 139, 190, 317, 375. Its execu- tive powers to be vested in the executive under the Constitution, 128. To be continued until the new Constitution goes into effect, 128, 157. Its engagements to be fulfilled, 128, 157, 332. Its proceedings in regard to the new Constitution, 382, 501, 532, 541.
CONGRESS OF THE CONSTITUTION.
MEMBERS, SENATE, REPRESENTATIVES. To con- sist of two branches, 127, 129, 135, 166, 189, 195, 196, 205, 213, 216, 218, 375, 377, 558. To consist of a House of Delegates and Senate, 129. To meet annually, 129, 377, 383, 385, 559. Qualifi- cations of those entitled to elect members of, 129, 377, 385, 559. Representation in it to be in the same proportion as direct taxation, 302, 316, 375, 379, 391, 559. Representation before a census, 129, 288, 290, 316, 375, 377, 539. Representation to be fixed by a periodical census, 129, 130, 131, 274, 279, 268, 294, 301, 302, 306, 307, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Slaves to be considered in fixing the proportion of representation, 181, 190, 192, 281, 288, 295, 302, 316, 375, 377, 379, 391, 559. Repre- sentation in it to be proportioned to the number of inhabitants, 129, 134, 190, 239, 312, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Representation in it to be equal among the states, 124, 134, 173, 175, 238. Vote of the states to be equal in it, 194. Its independ- ence of the executive, 335. Danger of its en- croachment on the other departments, 346. Property qualification of its members, 217, 272, 370, 378, 402. Disability of persons having un- settled accounts to be members, 370. Its mem- bers shall not be electors of President, 343, 562. Its permanent seat, 409, 561. Adjournment of both Houses, 130, 378, 406, 408, 560, 563. Privi- A leges of, 130, 378, 404, 445, 510, 560. May alter he state regulations relative to elections of members of Congress, 378, 401, 542, 553, 559. To judge of the elections, qualifications, aud returns, of its members, 378, 559. To legislate on the qualifications, pay, and privileges, of its members, 378, 402, 404. Compensation of, 130, 184, 187, 189, 205, 375, 378, 560. Absence of its members, 406, 560. Attendance of its members, 406, 559. Expulsion of its members, 378, 406, 560. Behavior of its members, 378, 406, 560. To vote by yeas and nays, 378, 407, 560. Journal, 130, 378, 407, 408, 560. The publication of its proceedings, 378, 407, 408, 512, 560. Nega- tive of each House on the other, 377, 382. Mode of its vote by ballot, 382, 436, 472, 520. Mode of passing laws, 378, 428, 560. Its acts to be the supreme law, 131, 320, 379, 467, 564. Its acts may be negatived by the President, 130, 151, 190, 378, 560. Its acts subject to a council of revision, 128, 151, 153, 164, 344, 428. May reenact laws negatived by the executive or council of revision, 128, 130, 151, 154, 190, 328, 348, 376, 378, 429, 53, 540, 560. The specific enumeration of its powers, 139, 161, 172, 285, 317, 378, 569. May remove the President on application of the state legislatures, 147. To choose the President, 128, 140, 142, 145, 192, 322, 335, 358, 369, 375, 380, 472, 508, 510. To receive information from the President, 131, 380, 562. To appoint the judges, 128, 156, 188. To admit new states, 128, 132, 157, 192, 376, 381, 492. 493, 554. To provide for the amendment of the Constitution, 128, 157, 182, 190, 351, 376, 381, 564. To call a convention to amend the Consti- tution, 132, 190, 381, 498, 530, 564. To amend the Constitution with the assent of a certain aumbe of the state legislatures. 132. 564. To
call out the military force in certain cass, 128 130, 140, 192, 195, 200. To negative state laws, 127, 132, 139, 170, 190, 195, 210, 215, 468, 249, 251, 321, 548. To vest the appointing power in the courts and heads of departinents, 550. To fulfil the engagements of the Confederation, 128, 157, 190, 332, 440, 441, 451, 463, 469, 471, 475, 5.4. To make provision in regard to the proceedings of the electors of the President, 507, 520, 562. To possess the legislative powers of the Congress of the Confederation, 127, 139, 190, 317, 375. To legislate where the states are incompetent, 127, 139, 190, 195, 317, 320, 375, 462. Its general legislative powers, 130, 139, 190, 286, 317, 320, 375, 378, 432, 439, 445, 451, 462, 506, 560. To lay and collect duties and taxes, 139, 191, 378, 432, 462, 469, 506, 560. For what objects it may lay taxes, 379, 456, 462, 469, 471, 477, 506, 534, 500. The proportion by which they shall regu- late direct taxes, 130, 302, 316, 379, 391, 559 The proportion in which they shall regulate capitation taxes, 130, 379, 545, 561. To lay no taxes on exports from the states, 130, 302, 379, 391, 561. To assent to imposts laid by the states, 131, 381, 561. Its proceedings on money bills, 129, 188, 274, 282, 310, 316, 375, 377, 394, 396, 410, 414, 427, 510, 529, 559. Vote on money bills to be in proportion to contribution, 266. Must make appropriations before money can be drawn from the treasury, 274, 316, 377, 428, 510, 529, 561. To raise taxes by requisitions, 453. To regulate commerce, 130, 191, 378, 433, 453, 552, 560. Two thirds of those present necessary to make com- mercial regulations, 130, 379, 461, 471, 489. To revise the inspection laws of the states, 540. To regulate commerce between the states, 378, 433, 454, 478, 424, 502, 560, 561. To establish a law To relative to bankruptcy, 488, 503, 54, 560. establish a law relative to damages on bills of exchange, 488. To borrow money, 130, 378, 560. To emit bills of credit, 130, 378, 434. To con money, 130, 378, 434, 560. To regulate the value of coins, 130, 378, 434, 560. To secure the public creditors, and the payment of the public debt, 440, 451, 462, 463, 469, 475, 500, 5 0, 564. To assume the state debts, 441, 471. To publish the public accounts, 545. To establish post-offices, 130, 191, 378, 431, 560. To establish post-roads, 434, 560. To regulate stages on post-roads, 440. To estab lish post and military roads, 130, 560. To make canals, 543. To make war, 379, 438, 561. To grant letters of marque and reprisal, 440, 510, 561, To raise armies, 139, 379, 442, 510, 561. To equip fleets, 139, 379, 443, 561. To arm, organ- ize, and regulate the militia, 130, 440, 443, 464, 561. To subdue insurrection, 130, 132, 209, 332, 379, 437, 497, 534, 561. To call out the militia in certain cases, 130, 379, 467, 561. To repel inva- sions, 130, 233, 379, 467, 561. To legislate con- cerning captures, 130, 378, 436, 561. To hold and to provide dock-yards, magazines, arsenals, and fortifications, 130, 440, 561. To exercise jurisdiction in arsenals, dock-yards, and fortifi- cations, 130, 511, 561. To make peace, 439. To enforce treaties, 130, 379, 467. To ratify treaties by law, 469, 523. All cases arising under its laws, within the jurisdiction of the national judiciary, 380, 563. To legislate concerning piracies and felonies at sea, 139, 331, 378, 436, 543, 561. To legislate on counterfeiting_coin, 130, 378, 436, 5.0. To legislate on offences against the law of nations, 130, 378, 436, 561. To fix the place of trial, in certain cases, 484, 563. To punish treason, 130, 379, 447, 563. Not to pass bills of attainder, or ex pot facto laws, 462, 488, 560. When it may suspend the habeas cor- pus, 131, 445, 484, 551. Its power relative to the migration and importation of slaves, 379, 457, 471, 477, 561. Its power of taxation on the migration or importation of slaves, 379, 457, 471, 477, 551. Its power of prohibiting the migration or importation of slaves, 379, 551. To consent to certain acts of the states, 131, 381, 484, 486, 548, 561. Not to interfere with the police of the states, or matters to which they are competent, 462, 552 To e tablish territorial governments, 439, 564
To regulate Indian affairs, 439, 462, 507, 560. To make conditions with the new states, relative to the public debt, 492. To make regulations relative to the public lands, 439, 497, 564. To fix the standard of weights and measures, 130, 378, 434, 560. To grant charters of incorpora- tion, 440, 543. To secure copyrights and patents, 440, 511, 561. To promote science, 440, 511, 561. To establish a university and seminaries, 130, 440. To establish, and have jurisdiction over, a seat of government, 130, 373, 439, 561. To ap- point to great offices, 442. To provide an occa- sional successor in a vacancy of the executive, 480, 552. To appoint a treasurer by ballot, 130, 378, 436, 542. To constitute inferior courts, 130, 131, 159, 190, 331, 378, 436, 560. To apply for the removal of the judges, 481. To require the opinions of the judges, 445. To make a great seal, 446. To enact sumptuary laws, 447. To direct a periodical census, 379, 451, 559 To call a convention to amend the Constitution, 498, 530, 551, 564. To make all laws necessary to execute its powers, 130, 379, 447, 561. Not to pass laws on religion, 131, 544. Not to abridge the liberty of the press, 131. To judge of the privileges of its members, 510, 559. First election of, under the new Constitution, 381, 503.
CONNECTICUT, her contest with Pennsylvania, 19, 208. Her delegates in Congress, November, 1782, 1. Opposes a commutation of half pay, 45, 57. Is interested in the establishment of a gen- eral revenue, 59. Number of inhabitants and proportion of contribution in 1783, 82. Adopts exclusive commercial regulations, 119. Conduct during the revolution, 265. Proceedings on the Federal Convention, 96, 106. Sends delegates to the Federal Convention, 124, 132, 144. Wishes the Constitution to be merely an enlargement of the Confederation, 191. Proportion of represen- tation in the House of Representatives before a census, 129, 288, 290, 316, 375, 377. Proportion of representation in the Senate before a census, 129. Proportion of electors of President, 338, 339. Proceedings of the legislature on the Fed- eral Constitution, 567. Opinions there on the Federal Constitution, 569, 571. CONNECTICUT LINE, sends a deputation to Congress, 26.
CONSENT of Congress to certain acts of the states, 131, 381, 484, 486, 547, 561. Of Congress to amendments of the Constitution, 128, 157, 182, 564. Of both Houses to adjournments, 130, 378, 380, 406, 409, 560. Of the Senate to appoint- ments, 131, 205, 328, 349, 507, 523, 562. Of the Senate to pardons, 480. Of the Senate to treaties, 205, 507, 522, 562. Of the states to amendments of the Constitution, 132, 381, 552, 564. Of Congress and the state legislature to the erection of a new state within the limits of a state, 493, 564. Of the states to purchases by Congress, 511, 561. Of the Congress of the Confederation to the Constitution, 532. CONSOLIDATION, objected to by Mr. Madison,
"ONSTITUTION, proposal for a Federal, 81, 96, 114. Proposed at various times, 117. Its neces- sity, 210, 255, 257,258, 276. Proceedings of Con- gress upon it. 366. Mr. Madison's suggestions of a new one, 107. Mr. Randolph's plan of one, 126, 127, 189. Mr. Pinckney's plan of one, 128. Mr. Patterson's plan of one, 191. Mr. Hamilton's plan of one, 198, 255. (Appendix, No. 5,) 584. Objects for which it should provide, 126, 132, 161, 176, 191, 193, 198, 234, 237, 242, 255, 262, 558. The adoption of a good one involves the fate of a republic and the states, 243, 245, 255, 258, 268. Whether it should derive its authority from the people or legislatures of the states, 352, 355. How far it should deviate from the Confedera- tion, 132. It ought not to encroach unneces- sarily on the states, 139, 18. Plan of, too ex- tensive, 193, 194. Ought to operate on individu- als, not on the states, 133. Its effect on the sov- ereignty of the states, 212. A national system
adopted as the basis of it, 212. Compromise as to the rule of representation under it, 274, 28, 316, 317, 318, 394, 396. Whether representation under it ought to be by a different rule from the Confederation, 134, 190, 248, 250, 260. Resolu tions adopted for its basis by the Convention, 375 Committee of detail appointed to draught one, 357. Preamble of it, 376, 382, 558. First draughi of it reported, 362. First draught of it referred after amendment to a committee of revision, 530. Second draught of it reported, 535. Second draught of it after amendinent, ordered to be engrossed, 555. Final draught of it adopted, 558. Mode of signing it, 555. Mode of submit- ting it to the Congress of the Confederation, 541. Oath to support it to be taken by the President, 131, 380. Oath to support it to be taken by all officers, 128, 157, 183, 190, 351, 376, 564. Mode of its amendment, 131, 132, 157, 182, 190, 351, 376, 381, 498, 530, 564. Mode of its ratification, 128, 157, 183, 190, 199, 352, 376, 381, 452, 498, 501, 532, 541, 554. To be organized when rati- fied by a certain number of states, 132, 354, 381, 502, 564. Opinions of the states in regard to, 567, 570, 572, 573.
CONSULS, convention with France in regard to, Admission of British, debated, 101. Cases of, under the jurisdiction of Supreme Court, 131, 380, 563. Appointment of, 524.
CONTRACTS, violated by state laws during the Confederation, 119. Effect of those made by the state legislatures, 354. Private contracts not to be impaired by the states, 485, 561. CONTRIBUTIONS (see TAXES) should form the rule of representation in the legislature, 127, 134, 178, 181, 200, 276, 281. Of the states, to be in proportion to the freemen and three fifths of the slaves, 192.
CONTROVERSIES, decision of those between the states, about territory or jurisdiction, 131, 379, 471. Between Pennsylvania and Connecti- cut, 19. CONVENTION, of the Eastern States and New York proposed, 81, 117. At Annapolis, 96, 113, 114, 118. Proposals for the Federal, 96, 106, 114, 115, 117. Character of the Federal, 122. bers who attend it, 123, 124, 126, 132, 135, 140, 143, 144, 155, 174, 178, 214, 220, 287, 376. As- sembles at Philadelphia, 123. Elects General Washington president, 123. Elects William Jackson secretary, 124. Adopts rules, 125, 126. Commences the main business, 126. Extent of its powers, 133, 193, 194, 195, 199, 206, 263, 268. Importance of its decision, 242, 244, 245. Deter- mines to adopt a national, in preference to a fed- eral system, 212. Goes into committee of the whole, 132. Committee of the whole reports a series of propositions, 189. Determines not to go again into a committee of the whole, 191, 382. Clashing opinions endanger its dissolution, 253. Prayers in it proposed, 254. Appoints a com- mittee of one from each state, to suggest a com- promise between the large and small states about representation, 277. Secession threatened by some of the members, 278, 317. Adjourns for an opportunity of making a compromise between the large and small states, 318. Informal meet- ing relative to the representation of the large and small states, 319. Appoints a committee of de- tail to draught a Constitution, 357. Its resolu- tions, as adopted after discussion. 375. Refers its resolutions, as adopted, to the committee of detail, 374. Refers the plans of Mr. Pinckney and Mr. Randolph to the committee of detail, 376. Refers the amended draught of the Con- stitution to a committee of revision, 530. Second draught of a Constitution reported to it, 535 Adopts the final draught of the Constitution, 558, Gives directions as regards its Journals, 558. Provision for its expenses, 510, 512. Second Federal one proposed, 570. CONVENTIONS OF STATES, Constitution to be submitted to, 128, 157, 183, 190, 199, 214. 352
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