See Debates above, 8th June, 1787, p. 173; 6th August, 1787, pp. 378, 379, 381; 21st August, 1787, p. 453; 25th August, 1787, p. 479; 28th August, 1787, pp. 483, 485.
See references at note 187.
See Debates below, 14th September, 1787, p. 546; 15th September, p. 549.
Debates in the Convention of Virginia, 17th June, 1787, Elliot, vol. 3, p. 481.
Address of Luther Martin to the Legislature of Maryland, 27th January, 1787, Elliot, vol. 1, p. 375. Objections of George Mason to the Constitution, Elliot, vol. 1, p. 495.
The Federalist, No. 44.
NOTE 249, PAGE 503.
After article 7, sect. 1, clause 3, of the Constitution, as reported on the 6th August, 1787, above,
See Debates above, p. 183, and references at note 102. NOTE 260 PAGE 534.
See Debates above, p. 158, and references at note 93.
See "A letter of Edmund Randolph, Esq., on the Federal Constitution, addressed to the speaker of the House of Delegates of Virginia, Richmond, 10th October, 1787," in Elliot, vol. 1, p. 482
Debates in the Convention of Massachusetts, 30th January, 1788, Elliot, vol. 2, p. 109.
July, 1788, Elliot, vol. 2, p. 409.
Debates in the Convention of New York, 7th
Debates in the Convention of Pennsylvania, 28th 1787, Elliot, vol. 2, p. 453; 11th December, 1787, October, 1787, Elliot, vol. 2, p. 434; 4th December, Elliot, vol. 2, p. 515.
Debates in the Convention of Virginia, 9th June, 1788, Elliot, vol. 3, p. 190; 12th June, 1788, Elliot, vol. 3, p. 316; 16th June, 1787, Elliot, vol. 3, p. 21st June, 1788, Elliot, vol. 3 p. 573. 443; 20th June, 1788, Elliot, vol 3, pp. 544, 560;
Debates in the Convention of North Carolina, 28th July, 1788, Elliot, vol. 4, pp. 143, 148; 29th July, 1788, Elliot, vol. 4, pp. 153, 160, 164, 175.
Address of Luther Martin to the Legislature of Maryland, 27th January, 1788, Elliot, vol. 1, p. 380. Letter of Elbridge Gerry to the Legislature of Massachusetts, Elliot, vol. 1, p. 492.
Objections of George Mason to the Constitution, Elliot, vol. 1, p. 494.
Amendments to the Constitution proposed by the states; supplement to the Journal of the Federal Convention, pp. 402, 403, 413, 417, 426, 439, 453,
Address of the Minority of the Convention of Pennsylvania, 12th December, 1787; American Museum, vol. 2, p. 540.
The Federalist, No. 3; No. 84.
Debates in Congress, (Gales and Seaton's First Series,) 8th June, 1789, vol. 1, p. 448.
The letter to Congress, transmitting the Constitution, was read by paragraphs, and agreed to. Debates above, p. 536. Journal of the Federal Convention, p. 367.
See Debates above, 28th August, 1787, p. 485. See Debates below, 15th September, 1787, p. 548 Debates in the Convention of Virginia, 17th June 1788, Elliot, vol. 3, p. 481. The Federalist, No. 44.
Referring to the articles so numbered in the draft of the Constitution reported on 6th August, 1787. See Debates above, p. 381.
The proceedings on these resolutions are not given by Mr. Madison, nor in the Journal of the Federal Convention. In the Journal of Congress, 28th September, 1787, vol. 4, p. 781, they are stated to have been presented to that body, as having passed in the Convention on the 17th September, immediately after the signing of the Constitution.
NOTE 267, PAGE 553.
See Correspondence below, p. 570.
The letters of Mr. Randolph, Mr. Mason, and Mr. Gerry, stating their reasons for not signing the Constitution, will be found in Elliot, vol. 1, pp. 482, 492, 494.
See Debates above, 6th August, 1787, p. 378; 4th September, 1787, p. 506.
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ACHEAN LEAGUE, 208, 209, 219.
ACCOUNTS relative to prisoners with the British,
4. Of the army to be settled, 30. To be rendered
to states, 63. An examination of, by a committee
of Congress, 80. The mode of adjusting those of
the states, 86, 100. All relating to public money
should be made public, 284. Unsettled, to dis-
qualify persons from being members of Congress,
371. To be published from time to time, 546,
561.
ACTS to be originated by each branch of the legis-
lature, 127, 139, 190, 375, 378. Each house to have
a negative on them, 377, 382. Mode of passing
them, 378, 428, 560. To be subject to revision,
128, 130, 151, 153, 164, 205, 344, 358, 376, 379, 428,
534, 536, 560. To be reenacted by a certain
vote after revision, 128, 130, 151, 155, 328, 348,
376, 379, 426, 537, 541, 560. To be passed, in cer-
tain cases, by two thirds, 166, 379, 470, 489, 560.
To be suspended by the executive for a limited
time, 154. To be the supreme law, 131, 192, 322,
375, 379, 467, 564. Relating to money, to originate
in the House of Representatives, 129, 188, 274,
282, 310, 316, 375, 377, 394, 396, 410, 414, 423, 427,
452, 510, 529, 560. Relating to money, to be voted
on in proportion to the contributions of the states,
266. Relating to money, when altered, 274, 316,
375, 377, 394, 410, 415, 428, 560. Relating to
bankruptcy, 488, 503, 504, 560. Relating to nat
uralization, 192, 378, 398 411, 560. Relating to
the migration and importation of slaves, 379,
157, 471, 477, 561. Relating to navigation, 130,
379, 461, 470, 534, 539, 540, 548, 560. Ex post
facto, 462, 485, 488, 545, 546, 561. Of the states
to receive full credit, 132, 381, 488, 504, 563. Of
the states to be negatived by Congress, 127, 139,
171, 193, 210, 215, 249, 251, 321, 468.
ADAMS, JOHN, negotiates a treaty of commerce
with the Dutch, 27. Distrusts the French min-
isters in the negotiations for peace, 18. Prophetic
observations relative to Gibraltar, 27. His con-
duct towards France, during the negotiations,
discussed, 65, 68, 73, 74. Sends the prelimina-
ries of peace, 84. Has leave to return, 567, 568.
ADAMS, SAMUEL, introduces a person from Can-
ada, 45. Views on the Federal Constitution, 571.
ADDRESS of the Congress of the Confederation
to the states, 88, 111 Of the Congress of the
Confederation to Rhode Island, 88. Of the army
to Congress, 20. For the formation of a new
state in Pennsylvania, 31. Of the Convention
at Annapolis, 115. Of the Federal Convention
to accompany the Constitution, 535, 546.
ADHERENCE to enemies constitutes treason, 30
379, 448, 563.
ADJOURNMENT of the Convention may be by
less than a quorum, 124. Of the Houses of Con-
gress, 130, 378, 380, 406, 409, 560, 563.
ADMIRALTY, courts of, to be established by
Congress, 131, 159. Cases of, under the juris-
ADMISSION. See NEW STATES.
diction of judiciary, 131, 378, 563.
AFFAIRS, Indian, 440, 462, 560. Department of
domestic, 442, 446, 462. Department of foreign,
under the Confederation, 9, 82, 89, 99. Depart
ment of foreign, under the Constitution, 442, 446
AFFIRMATION. See OATH.
AGE of Representatives, 127, 129, 184, 228, 319,
377, 559. Of Senators, 127, 129, 186, 189, 241,
375, 377, 559. Of the President, 300, 462, 507.
562. Disability on account of, 360, 413.
AGRICULTURE, promotion of, 446.
ALBANY, deputies meet there in 1754, 110.
ALIENS. See NATURALIZATION. Remarks on
their admission to political rights, 398, 411.
ALLIANCE; discussions on the conduct of the
American ministers at Paris in regard to alliance
with Spain, 65. Danger of foreign, 258. Of
small states with foreign powers, 268, 269.
Treaties of, 470. Forbidden to the states by the
Constitution, 131, 546, 561.
ALLEGHANY, how far a boundary of states, 87,
AMBASSADORS to be appointed by the President
and Senate, 205, 507, 523, 562. To be appointed
by the Senate, 131, 379, 468, 469. To be received
by the President, 131, 380, 479, 563. Cases of
under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 131,
192, 380, 563.
AMENDMENTS of the Articles of Confederation
strongly desired, 114. A Convention for, pro-
posed at various times, 117. Of the Constitution
to be provided for therein, 128, 157, 182, 190, 351,
376, 381, 551, 564. To be made by a Convention
to be called by Congress, 132, 381, 498, 530, 551
564. To be made by Congress, with the assent
of a certain number of the states, 132, 551, 564
A second Federal Convention for, proposed, 552,
553. Of money bills by the Senate, 274, 316, 375,
377, 394, 410, 415, 427, 510, 529, 560.
AMERICAN REVOLUTION, its effect in produ-
cing reform in Europe, 575.
AMPHICTYONIC LEAGUE, 200, 208, 209, 210.
ANARCHY, danger of, in 1787, 127.
ANNAPOLIS, Convention at, 96, 113, 114, 118.
ANNUAL meetings of Congress, 129, 377, 383,
385, 559. Election of representatives 1, 224
Publication of the accounts, 545
APPEAL, COURT OF, under the Confederation, 2. !
Judges elected, 11.
APPELLATE jurisdiction of the national judicia-
ry, 131, 159, 192, 205, 208, 380, 483, 484, 563.
APPLICATION to Congress to subdue insurrection,
130, 378, 437, 497, 534, 564. Of the states to Con-
gress to remove the President, 147. Of the states
to Congress for a Convention to amend the Con-
stitution, 381, 498, 551, 564.
APPOINTMENTS, danger of conferring the power
of, on the President, 154, 329. The responsibility
of the President in its exercise, 349. Of the
President, 128, 140, 142, 143, 322, 358, 363, 370,
380, 471, 507, 512, 515, 562. Of the Vice-Pres-
ident, 507, 508, 520, 522, 562. Of an executive
council, 446, 462, 525. Of senators by the Pres-
ident, 167. Of judges, 128, 131, 155, 156, 188,
205, 238, 349, 350, 376, 378, 379, 468, 469, 507,
524, 562. Of a treasurer, by ballot, 130, 378, 436.
Of ambassadors, 131, 379, 467, 469, 507, 54, 562.
Of heads of departments, 446. Of officers in
the militia, 443, 451, 464, 561. Of state ex-
ecutives by the general government, 205, 468.
By the President, with the advice of the Senate,
131, 205, 328, 349, 507, 516, 524, 562. By the
President, 141, 190, 192, 325, 334, 376, 380, 421,
446, 474, 505, 517, 550, 562. By the Senate, 131,
144, 156, 317, 328, 379, 467, 507, 508, 509, 513, 516,
525. By Congress, 127, 140, 147, 190, 192, 322,
335, 358, 366, 369, 375, 380, 382, 442, 472, 507, 508,
510, 513, 520, 525, 550. By an equal vote of the
states, 266. By the courts, 550, 563. By the heads
of departments, 550, 563. By the state author-
ities to national offices, 475, 479. Not to be
made to offices not previously created by law,
474, 528, 529, 563.
See QUOTA, PROPORTION.
Of the Senate to be made after a census by the
representatives, 131. Of the Senate into classes,
129, 270, 377, 559. Of representatives by a peri-
odical census, 129, 131, 279, 280, 288, 316, 375,
377, 392, 559. Slaves to be considered in making
that of representatives, 288, 290, 295, 296, 316,
375, 379, 391, 553, 559. Of representatives be-
fore a census, 129, 288, 290, 316, 375, 377, 541,
547, 553, 559. Of electors of the President, 338,
339, 507, 520, 552. Of direct taxation to be in
proportion to representation, 304, 305, 306, 316,
375, 379, 391, 545, 559. Of taxation before a
census, 306, 307, 357, 451, 452, 559. Of the
adjustment of the state debts according to the rule
of representation and taxation, 452.
APPROPRIATIONS, to be made by law when-
ever money is drawn from the treasury, 274,
316, 375, 377, 415, 420, 427, 510, 529, 561. To
be limited in their duration, 510,561.
ARISTOCRACY, 271, 283, 386, 394, 418, 419, 420,
ARMAND, mutinous conduct of the troops in his
legion, 92.
ARMING the militia, 130, 443, 451, 464, 544, 561.
ARMY, to be called out by Congress against a
state failing in its constitutional duty, 128, 378.
To be raised by Congress, 130. 379, 442, 510, 553,
561. To be commanded by the President, 131, 380,
562. To be superintended by a secretary of war,
446. Not to be kept by the states, 131, 205, 381,
548, 561. Officers of, not to be members of Con-
gress, 422, 425. Provision as to a standing army,
442, 445, 466, 511, 544.
ARMY, AMERICAN, very much discontented,
23, 50, 66, 92. Goes into winter quarters, 1.
Promotion should not be by districts, 10. Sends
a memorial to Congress, 20. Conferences of
deputies from the army with committee of Con-
gress, 21, 23, 26. Suggestion to fund the debt
due to it, 23, 51. Plan of settlement of its arrears,
30, 36, 51, 57, 59, 83. Proposal to appropriate
the proceeds of impost to it, 51. Its deterinina-
tion to have provision for its pay, 55, 73. Reor-
ganization of military affairs, 82. Satisfaction of,
announced to Congress, 82. Amount of the
army debt in 1783, 83. Furloughs granted, 8"
Indemnity to officers of, 88. Mode of disbanding
it, 89, 90. Proposal to give them certificates
for land, 90. Mutinous conduct of the Pennsyl
vania troops, 92, 93, Enlistment of troops on ac-
count of the insurrection in Massachusetts, 94
99. Troops kept by the states without the assent
of Congress, 119.
ARMY, FRENCH, proposal to employ a legion
of, in retaking goods seized while under pass-
port, 50.
ARNOLD, JONATHAN, represents Rhode Island
in Congress, 1. His correspondence about Ver-
mont, 31. Opposes the commutation of half
pay, 45.
ARREARS to the army very large, 50, 51. Some
provision for, asked, 24. Report for their settle-
ment, 29, 30. Proposal to pay those to the army
first, 51.
Mode of settlement, 30, 31, 44, 57, 59,
64, 83. Amount in 1783, 83. Unprovided for in
1787, 119.
ARREST, freedom from, 130, 378, 445, 560.
ARSENALS, may be provided by Congress, 130
Jurisdiction in, to be exercised by Congress, 130,
511, 561.
ARTICLES.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, reported in
Congress, 110. Adopted, 111. Fifth article, 103
Eighth article, 21, 24, 63. Ninth article, 28, 36,
55, 88, 92, 102, 103. Twelfth article, 57. Rules
of voting under, 61, 88, 92. Their violation by
the states, 206, 208, 214. Necessity of enlarging
them, 127. Amendment of them, 34, 63, 127,
191, 193, 197, 354.
ASGILL, CAPTAIN. Congress discusses the
question of, 2. He is released by Congress, 2.
ASSAULT on members of Congress, 445.
ASSENT, of the states to the Constitution, 541.
Of the Congress of the Confederation to the
Constitution, 532. Of Congress and the state
legislatures to a division of the states, 381, 493,
563. Of the Senate to treaties, 205, 507, 524,
562. Of the states to purchases by Congress,
511, 561. Of the states to certain acts of Con-
gress, 552, 564. Of the states to amendments of
the Constitution, 132, 381, 564. Of both Houses
to an adjournment beyond a certain period, 130,
378, 560. Of Congress necessary to certain acts
by the states, 131, 381, 484, 486, 548, 549, 561
Of Congress to amendments of the Constitution,
128, 157, 182, 564. Of the Senate to pardons,
480. Of the Senate to appointments, 131, 205,
329, 349, 507, 523, 562.
ASSOCIATION, to promote American manufac-
tures, proposed in the Federal Convention, 540.
ASSUMPTION, of the engagements of the Con-
federation, 128, 157, 190, 332, 440, 441, 451, 471,
564. Of the debts of the states, 441, 451, 452,
471.
ATTAINDER, not to work corruption of blood or
forfeiture beyond the life of the party, 379, 451,
563. Bills of, not to be passed, 462, 485, 528, 545,
546, 561.
ATTENDANCE of members of Congress to be
provided for, 406, 560.
ATHENIANS, 159, 162, 252, 398.
AUSTRIA, her mediation, 1. Commercial treaty
with, 52.
AUTHORS, protection of by Congress, 440, 511,
561.
BALDWIN, ABRAHAM, attends the Federal
Convention, 178. Views on the mode of elect-
ing the President, 509. Thinks there should be
a representation of property in the Senate, 260.
Views as to the eligibility of members of Con-
gress to office, 505, 542. Thinks the qualification
as to citizenship should apply as much to the
Views as to pro- | BLACKS. See SLAVES.
present as the future, 414.
visions about slaves, 459, 478. Prefers a provis-
ion that the claims to the public lands shall not
be affected by the Constitution, 497.
BALLOT, mode of voting by in Congress, 382,
436, 472, 520. President to be chosen by, 507,
512, 514, 520, 562. President to be chosen by
electors by, 143, 507, 520, 562. President to be
chosen by the state legislatures by, 359, 472.
President to be chosen by Congress by, 380.
Electors of President to be chosen by, 514.
Senators to be chosen by, 129. Congress to ap-
point a treasurer by, 130, 378, 434. Committees
of the Convention chosen by, 125
BANK, proposed by P. Webster, 117. Remarks
upon in the Federal Convention, 544.
BANKRUPTCY, laws for, needed under Con-
federation, 120. Congress to establish a uniform
law of, 488, 503, 504, 560.
BARCLAY, THOMAS, 14.
BARNEY, CAPTAIN, 65.
BASSET, RICHARD, attends the Federal Con-
vention, 123.
BEDFORD, GUNNING, remarks on the terms of
cession of the public lands by Virginia, 92, 93.
Attends the Federal Convention, 124. Denies
the right of the Convention to change the princi-
ple of the Confederation, 268. Opposes a nega-
tive of Congress on the state laws, 173. Insists
on an equal suffrage of the states, 173, 267, 277.
Accuses the large states of seeking to aggrandize
themselves at the expense of the small, 267.
Threatens an alliance of the small states with
foreign powers, if oppressed by the large ones,
268. Explains his remarks as to the circum-
stances which would justify the small states
in a foreign alliance, 277. Wishes to define
more accurately the legislative power of Con-
gress, 320. Opposes the conferring of the ap-
pointing power too entirely on the President, 329.
Prefers three years as the executive term, 143.
Advocates the removal of the President by Con-
gress, on application of the states, 147. Opposes
any negative on the legislature, 153.
BEHAVIOR, judges to continue during good, 128,
131, 156, 190, 205, 330, 376, 380, 481, 563. Senate
to hold during good, 205, 241. President to hold
during good, 325, 343. Of members of Congress,
378, 406, 560.
BENSON, EGBERT, views relative to Spain and
Mississippi, 103.
BIENNIAL election of representatives, 183, 224,
375, 377, 558. Term of President, 335.
BILLS, each House to have a negative on them,
377, 382. Mode of passing them, 378, 428, 560.
To be revised by the President, 130, 151, 190, 205,
328, 348, 349, 358, 376, 378, 534, 560. To be ex-
amined by a council of revision, 128, 151, 153,
164, 344, 428. Those returned by the President
may be repassed, 130, 151, 154, 328, 349, 376, 378,
379, 534, 536, 540, 560. Of attainder and ex post
facto, 462, 485, 488, 528, 546, 561. Of exchange,
damages on, 488. Origination of those about
money, 129, 188, 274, 282, 310, 316, 375, 377, 394,
396, 410, 415, 422, 427, 452, 510, 529, 560. Alter-
ation of those about money, 274, 316, 375, 377,
394, 410, 415, 420, 428, 510, 529, 560. Proportion-
al vote on those about money, 266. Of credit,
emission of by Congress, 130, 428, 434. Of credit,
emission of by the states, 131, 432, 484, 561.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE, provision in regard to,
proposed in the Constitution, 488.
BILL OF RIGHTS, proposal to insert one in the
Constitution, 538. Want of one objected to, 566,
BINGHAM, WILLIAM, desires division of Con-
federacy, 96. Interview with Guardoqui relative
to negotiations with Spain, 97.
BISHOP, 572
BLAIR, JOHN, attends the Convention, 123
BLAND, THEODORICK, reports that Virginia
cannot pay her quota, 33. Prefers the mode of
raising revenue provided by the Confederation, 34.
His views on a system of permanent revenue,
39, 41, 49, 52, 78. Advocates a commutation of
half pay, 45. Advocates a decision by a majority
of states in committee, 45. Proposes a tariff of
specific duties, 51. Opposes a limitation as to
the duration of impost, 52. Censures the con-
duct of Robert Morris, 62, 67. Remarks on the
conduct of the American commissioners at Paris,
70, 74, 75. Proposes to submit the impost sepa
rately to the states, 73. Remarks on the propor-
tion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contribu-
tions of the states, 79. Proposes the publication
of Carleton's letters refusing to suspend hostil-
ities, 81. Opposes the proposed Convention of
Eastern States, 81. Opposes a hasty ratification
of the provisional articles, 86. Remarks on ces-
sions of public lands by the states, 87, 92. Moves
to erase the application to France for a loan of
three millions, 88. Opposes a delivery of the
prisoners till slaves are restored, 88. Remarks
on the votes of the new states, 92. Voted for as
President of Congress, 1.
BLOUNT, WILLIAM, attends the Federal Con-
vention, 205. Agrees to sign the Constitution in
the form proposed, 556.
BOND, PHINEAS, discussion as to his admission
as consul, 101.
BOOKS, proposal for Congress to purchase, 27.
BORROWING, power of, given to Congress, 130,
378, 560.
BOUDINOT, ELIAS, represents New Jersey in
Congress, 1. Is chosen president, 1. His views
on a system of permanent revenue, 39.
BOUNDARY with the Spanish settlements, 97,
101. Between Virginia and Maryland, 114.' Of
the states on the west, 87, 93, 97, 101.
BRANCH. See HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
To be two in the legislature, 127, 129, 135, 166,
189, 195, 196, 205, 214, 216, 218, 242, 375, 377, 382,
558.
BRANDY, duty on, 61, 63.
BREACH of the peace, members of Congress may
be arrested for, 130, 378, 560. Of the Articles of
Confederation, its effect, 206, 214.
BREARLY, DAVID, attends the Federal Conven-
tion, 123. Desires the attendance of the New
Hampshire delegates, 261. Advocates equality
of representation of the states in Congress, 175.
Objects to the ballot for the election of President
being joint, 472. Advocates an equal vote of the
states in electing the President, 473. Wishes
the article providing for amendments of the Con-
stitution struck out, 552.
BRIBERY, President to be removed for, 131, 380,
480, 507, 528, 563.
BRITISH, intrigue to create distrust among the
allies, 65. Try to effect a separate convention,
Promote mediation of Russia and Austria,
1. Commission Mr. Oswald to treat, 16, 65.
Sign preliminaries of peace, 74, 84. Refuse to
suspend hostilities, 80. Issue proclamation of
peace, 84. Commercial treaty with, proposed,
88, 101. Delivery of posts, negroes, &c., 88, 98,
575. Insidious conduct relative to the articles of
treaty, 89, 98. Designs upon the western terri-
tory, 97. Operation of the definitive treaty on
the states, 98. Their claims under the definitive
treaty, 119, 575. Colonies, their state before the
revolution, 109. Early design to tax the colonies,
110. Their irritating commercial regulations,
119, 567. Complain of violations of the defini-
tive treaty, 119. Speculate on the downfall of
the Confederation, 120. Their Constitution dis-
cussed in the Federal Convention, 163, 9.8. 229
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