The History of Tariff Administration in the United States from Colonial Times to the McKinley Administrative Bill

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The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2005 - 89 páginas
A Comprehensive History of the Tariff System in the United States Goss traces the tariff system through three avatars that often existed simultaneously: protective, preventive and punitive. From an ineffective colonial system that allowed importers to avoid payment through extended credit arrangements, to a somewhat less troubled system that demanded immediate cash payments in the early 1840s, to a punitive system designed to stymie smugglers during the Civil War, the collection of tariff duties was always problematic. This problem was enhanced in the wake of industrialization and protectionism when direct taxes began to supplant indirect taxation as the major source of government finance. Reviewing the history of American tariff regulation, Goss discerns a gradual process towards "more stringent supervision, regulation and control" (88). Originally published in the series Studies in History, Economics and Public Law edited by the Political Science Faculty of Columbia University. John Dean Goss (1869-?) served as a judge in Wisconsin. He later moved to Oregon, where he practiced law. Contents Introduction CHAPTER I. The Colonial Period 1. Virginia customs administration 2. Massachusetts customs administration 3. New York customs administration CHAPTER II. The National Tariff Administration of the Eighteenth Century 1. Customs officers 2. Entry of goods and collection of duties 3. System established by act of 1799 CHAPTER III. The Development of the System Established by the Act of 1799 up to the Civil War 1. Prevention of undervaluation 2. The auction system 3. Appraisement reforms of 1830 4. Payment of duties in cash 5. The "similitude section" and the warehouse system 6. The administrative remedy by appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury CHAPTER IV. Tariff Administration from the Civil War to 1890 1. Attack on the warehouse system 2. Triplicate invoices 3. Dutiable value 4. Appraisement at the port of New York 5. Transportation in bond 6. Special agents and general orders 7. Searches and seizures 8. Compensation of customs officers 9. Repeal of the moieties clause 10. Repeal of discrimination against goods from the far East 11. Dutiable value and similitude section under the act of 1883 12. Classification of sugars under the act of 1883 13. Passengers' baggage CHAPTER V. The McKinley Administrative Bill of 1890 1. General purposes of the late tariff acts 2. Increased stringency of provisions to prevent fraud 3. Remedies against appraisement and classification 4. Abolition of damage allowances 5. Manufacturing in bond and drawbacks 6. Abolition of fees CONCLUSION. General Tendencies of Tariff Administration in the United States

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INTRODUCTION
7
Repeal of discrimination against goods from the
10
THE NATIONAL TARIFF ADMINISTRATION OF
24
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED
33
The similitude section and the warehouse system
47
3333333
54
Dutiable value
61
East
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IN THE UNITED STATES
87
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Página 35 - That the collector shall designate on the invoice at least one package of every invoice, and one package at least of every ten packages of goods, wares, or merchandise, and a greater...
Página 74 - ... or his family who accompanied him as passengers, and not for sale or purchased or imported for other persons, or to be given away ; 3, suitable for the season of the year which was Immediately approaching at the time of arrival: 4, not exceeding in quantity or quality or value what the passenger was In the habit of ordinarily providing for himself and his family at that time, and keeping on hand for his and their reasonable wants. In view of their means and habits in life, even though such articles...
Página 48 - States, familiar with the character and value of the goods in question, to examine and appraise the same, agreeably to the foregoing provisions ; and if they shall disagree, the collector shall decide between them; and the appraisement thus determined shall be final, and deemed and taken to be the true value of said goods, and the duties shall be levied thereon accordingly...
Página 80 - States, and if there be used for covering or holding imported merchandise, whether dutiable or free, any unusual article or form designed for use otherwise than in the bona fide transportation of such merchandise to the United States, additional duty shall be levied and collected upon such material or article at the rate to which the same would be subject if separately imported. That the words "value

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