to the Northward, up the noble Hudson. They return again to their native waters, laden with the products of the four continents of the world. The magnitude of its commerce, makes the Tourist almost overlook the natural beauty of its situation. But the eye that can view this place from Hudson's Square, the Park, and the Battery, with indifference, must be blind to the sublime views of nature, and incapable of beaming with delight, at beholding the most finished productions of art. Thirty-eight edifices for the public worship of the Deity, show that the people of New-York, while they enjoy all the blessings that wealth can impart, are not unmindful of that bounteous Providence who enables them to participate so abundantly in these blessings. public buildings of different kinds, cannot be minutely described in this little work; but suffice it to say, they are all admirably well calculated for the purpose for which they were erected.

The

The Hudson is the noblest stream in the Middle, Northern and Eastern States. The immense importance of its navigation, has called the inventive faculties of man into operation upon the most important subject, that ever exercised mechanical ingenuity; the navigation of rapid streams. The invention of Steam Boats forms an era in the progress of the useful arts; and the name of FULTON will be handed down to posterity as one of the benefactors of man. The canal now constructing to unite the waters of the western Lakes, with that of the Hudson, is one of the grandest schemes ever conceived, and, when accomplished, the greatest ever executed. The President, while in this place, from his limited tarry, could hardly estimate the impor

tance of it to his extensive native country. His attention was particularly directed to the best mode of defending it from an enemy; and his admiration was excited to the highest elevation, when viewing the works which arose, as by magic, by the voluntary labours of its patriotic citizens. This place was settled by the Dutch in 1614; obtained its charter in 1686, and contains 100,000 inhabitants.

He took his departure from this place upon the 21st, in the Steam Boat Connecticut, Capt. Bunker, and arrived at New-Haven, in the State of Connecticut, upon the same day,

This was the first place he visited in New-England.

Upon arriving in this section of the Union, the President, whose education, pursuits, and habits, have led him to view things upon an extended scale, could not suppress the reflection that he had arrived amongst a peculiar people. The faithful pen of history had enabled him to trace their origin and progress from the barbarous ages of antiquity, down to the nineteenth century.

They owe their origin to the ancient Saxons, the most brave, magnanimous, warlike and jealous of all the ancient tribes that once composed the “ Northern Hive" of Europe. They composed the van of that myriad, who in the fifth century precipitated themselves upon the Grecian and Roman empires, and entirely subverted them. Whatever this tribe might have been in the dark ages of the world; however gross might have been their idolatry, or blind their superstition; from them Englishmen and Americans have descended.

Originally unrestrained by the positive institutions of

civilized society, centuries rolled over their heads before they could be brought to submit to regular government. Possessing themselves of those countries which now constitute the British empire in Europe, it was not, until the reign of the great Alfred, that they were brought to blend the rights of man, in a state of nature, with the salutary restraints of law. They surrendered a portion of their rights, that the remainder might be enjoyed in security."

The aspiring ambition of Feudal chiefs began to encroach upon the rights they were bound to protect. A long succession of princes kept constantly assuming new prerogatives; and as they augmented their power, the privileges of the people were diminished. In the sixteenth century, the subjects of the British crown had but few rights remaining; and amongst them, was that of emigration. The ancestors of New-Englanders, remembering their exalted origin, and determining no longer to be the degraded vassals of a perverted power, conceived and executed the perilous undertaking of seeking in a distant world, the enjoyments of those liberties and privileges, of which they were deprived, in the land of their nativity. They landed as pilgrims upon the Rock of Plymouth. tered and overcame every obstacle, which a severe climate, ferocious savages, and wasting sickness presented to their view. The wilderness, by their unceasing industry, was converted into productive fields; the ocean, by their daring enterprise, was whitened by their canvass. The classical and eloquent Burke dared to pronounce their eulogy before their oppressors in the revolutionary struggle, in his gigantic effort to

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produce "conciliation" between the British crown, and the American colonies. They became the object and the wonder of the old world, and excited the jealousy of their mother country, the powerful mistress of the ocean. But acknowledging no superior but the God of the Universe, and resolving that the last piece of the soil of freedom that should be wrested from them should be their graves, they nobly dared resistance. The blood of their brethren was shed upon the fields they cultivated; and with one accord, they changed the harmless implements of husbandry, for hostile weapons, to repel the invaders of a country" dearly their own." Conquest hung upon the banners of her embattled sons, and her plains and mountains echoed with the shouts of victory. They covered themselves with glory, and conquered a peace. They witnessed the establishment of a constitution securing their rights.

Then commenced the progress of her commercial and navigating glory. Her sons were seen in every clime; from China to California, from the arctic to the antarctic circle. While the nations of the old world were contending for dominion, the enterprising sons of New England became the carriers for the world. Sudden wealth was the fruit of their unparalleled exertions. Its gaudy charms dazzled their eyes and increased their importance. The luxuries attendant upon the possession of it was calculated to enervate their minds, and to make them forget that individual wealth is the property of the Republic, when necessary for the security of its liberty and independence. Rome did not lose her freedom, till the boundless wealth and lux

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urious refinements of Greece made her citizens forget the glory of the Republic in the sordid attachment to wealth.

"That wealth too precious for their country's use--"That wealth too sacred to be lost for freedom."

The belligerent powers of Europe commenced a series of encroachments upon the rights of the American Republic. The council of the nation deemed the "restrictive system" expedient; but the wealthy merchants of New-England could not be brought to approve of a measure which checked the rapid accumulation of wealth. A war was deemed by the same council to be just, necessary, and expedient; but the men of princely fortunes, in the Eastern States, and the managers of monied institutions, denounced a measure which prevented them from adding to it, and calling upon them to expend a portion of it for the defence of the Republic. The legislatures of the New-England States, alarmed, lest the national government should encroach upon those of the States, convert the nation into a military government, and change her citizens to soldiers, manifested their opposition to many of the war-measures of Congress, and to those of James Monroe, Secretary at War, during the most dangerous period of it.

Although this opposition might have increased the insolence of a haughty foe, and alarmed many of the friends of American freedom, it may not be without a salutary effect. It may serve to show that the confederated States, possessing each the right of self-government, have nevertheless a national authority sufficient to call forth all the resources of the Union, and secure