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CHAPTER II.
THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS IN COMBINATION.
132. Pronounceable Combinations ... 86 | 135. Importance of the Fact first stated
133. Unpronounceable Combinations 87 136. Accumulation of Consonantal
134. A change of Elements in Pro-
Elements
nunciation
87 | 137. Combinations not in the Language
87
88
...
CHAPTER III.
COMBINATIONS IN SYLLABLES.
138. Syllables
139. Names of Words from their Divi-
sion into Syllables
90 143. Combinations in Words
140. Principles of Division
90 144. Monosyllabic Character of the
141. Rules of Syllabication .
90
English Language
89 | 142. Brestaniarrested and Breath
91
92
CHAPTER VI.
EUPHONIC CHANGES.
159. Definitions
99 163. Vowel Changes...
102
160. Euphonic Figures
100 164. Comparative Euphony of the
161. Grimm's Law of Convertibility... 101
103
162. Law of Convertibility in the 165. Plan for remedying the Defect... 104
Latin, English, and German 101 166. Causes of Diversity in Euphony 105
CHAPTER VII.
THE NATURAL SIGNIFICANOY OF ARTICULATE SOUNDS.
167. Every Articulate Sound has naturally a Specific Import
106 CHAPTER VIII. Section
ORTHOEPY.
Section
Page Section
168. Definition of Orthoepy... 110 172. Orthoepy in respect to Quantity
169. Orthoepy in respect to the Pho- 173. Pronunciation
netic Elements
110 | 174. Causes and Conditions of incor-
170. Orthoepy in respect to Syllabica-
rect Pronunciation
tion
111 | 175. Doubtful Orthoepy
171. Orthoepy in respect to Accent... 111 | 176. Phonetic Analysis
Page
112
113
114
PART III.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL FORMS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
CHAPTER I.
THE RELATIONS OF ORTHOGRAPHY TO ORTHOEPY.
177. Definitions
116 | 180. Object of a Literal Notation
178. Priority of Orthoepy
116 181. English and other Alphabets
179. A perfect System of Literal No- 182. Classification of the Elementary
tation
117
Signs
THE RELATIONS OF THE LETTERS TO THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS.
183. Vowel Letters-A
120 , 197. Consonant Letters-K
184.
E
121 198.
L...
27
>
185.
I
122 199.
M
186.
0
122 200.
N
187.
123 201.
P...
99
188.
W
123 202.
Q...
189.
Y
123 203.
R...
190. Consonant Letters-B...
123 204.
S...
191.
C...
124 205.
T...
192.
D...
124 206.
V...
193.
F...
124 | 207.
X
194.
G
124 208.
Z...
195.
H
125 209. Equivalent Letters representing
196.
J.
125
certain elements
126
127
CHAPTER IV.
THE ORIGIN OF THE ENGLISH ALPHABET ACCOUNTS FOR ITS DEFECTS.
215. Historical Defects
130 | 219. Roman Alphabet
216. Invention of Letters
131 220. Anglo-Saxon Alphabet...
217. Hebrew Alphabet
131 221. Old English Alphabet and the
218. Greek Alphabet
131
Character used
..
132
ܢ
222. Expedients for representing the Elementary Sounds
133
ORTHOGRAPHY.
223. In what Orthography consists... 135 231. Value of Silent Letters
138
224. Diversities in Orthography 135 232. Etymological Facts and Reasons 138
225. Inconsistencies of English Ortho- 233. Analogies of the English Lan-
graphy
136
guage
139
226. Different Plans of Reform 136 234. Change of Pronunciation
227. Opposite Views...
137 | 235. Tendency of the Language 140
228. Doubtful Orthography... 137 236. Grammar
140
137 237. English Grammar
141
230. Normal Use of the Letters 138 | 238. Orthographic Analysis...
142
229. Usage
PART IV.
ETYMOLOGICAL FORMS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
THE PARTS OF SPEECH.
239. Definitions
143 | 241. Becker's Classification ...
240. Classification of the Parts of 242. Tooke's Views of the Par.
Speech
144
ticles ...
146
155 156 156
THE NOUN OR SUBSTANTIVE.
243. The Definition ...
147 | 255. Comparative Etymology
244. Classification of Nouns..
147 256. Cases of Nouns...
245. Genders of Nouns
148 257. Origin of the Term
246. Additional Facts
150 258. The Declension of English
247. English Gender, Philosophic
150
Nouns
248. English Gender, Poetic
151 259. Inflection of the Possessive
249. Grounds for a choice of Gender 260. Transition from the Anglo-Saxon
in Personification
151
Genitive
250, Numbers of Nouns
152 261. Number of Cases
251. Formation of the Plural
152 262. Import of the Genitive
252. Double Forms of the Plural 153 263. Comparative Etymology
253. Foreign Words ...
153 264. Difference between Ancient and
254. Additional Statements...
154
Modern Languages
156
157
158
159
165
THE ADJECTIVE.
265. The Adjective
161 | 275. Comparison by Intensive
266. Classification
161
Words
267. Other Classifications
162 276. Adjectives not admitting Com-
268. Derivation of Adjectives
162
parison
269. Comparison of Adjectives 163 277. Comparative Etymology
270. Simple or Terminational Com. 278. Numerals
163 279. Importance
! 271. Compound Comparison
163 280. Classification
272. Irregular Comparison ... 164 281. Compound Numerals
273. Irregular Terminations
164 282. Plural Forms of Cardinal Num-
274. Defective Comparison
bers
166
167
16!
168
THE ARTICLE
169 | 285. The Article " an
284. Relation of the Articles to the 286. The Article “the”
Proposition
170 | 287. Comparative Etymology
CHAPTER V.
• 172
....
THE PRONOUN.
288. The Pronoun
171 302. The Longer and the Shorter
289. Classification
Forms of the Possessive Case 178
290. Extent of Pronouns
172 303. Self used with the Personal Pro-
291. Value of Pronouns
172
nouns as a Reflective Pro-
292. Personal Pronouns
173
noun...
180
293. Declension of Personal Pro-
304. Self a Substantive
nouns
173 305. Self used as an Adjective
181
294. Comparative Etymology
174 306. “Self” Emphatic
295. Declension of Personal Pronouns 307. Demonstrative Pronouns
in the Anglo-Saxon... 174 | 308. Comparative Etymology
182
296. Pronouns of the first Person 174 | 309. Relative Pronouns
183
297. Substitution of Plurality for 310. Compound Relatives
184
Unity
175 311. Subjunctive and Prepositive
298. Pronouns of the second Per-
Pronouns
175 | 312. Interrogative Pronouns
185
299. Substitution of Plurality for 313. Comparative Etymology
176 314. Adjective Pronouns
186
300. Pronouns of the third Person 176 | 315. Reciprocal Pronouns
188
301. The German Usage
177 | 316. Indeterminate Pronouns
son
THE VERB.
317. The Verb
190 | 341. Auxiliary Verbs
202
318. Becker's Views...
190 342. Classification of Auxiliary Verbs 202
319. Classification of Verbs... 191 343. Derivation of Auxiliary Verbs... 202
320. Transitive Verbs
191 344. Classification of Auxiliary Verbs,
321. Intransitive Verbs
191
in respect to their mode of
322. Attributes of Verbs
192
Construction
204
323. Persons of Verbs
192 345. Conjugation of the Auxiliary
324. Numbers of Verbs
193
Verbs
325. Tenses of the Verbs
193 346. The Verb Substantive...
206
326. Forms for the Present Tense 194 347. Conjugation of the Verb “to
327. Forms for the Past Tense
194
be”
207
328. Forms for the Future Tense 194 | 348. Ancient or Strong Conjugation 210
329. Forms for the Present Perfect 349. Conjugation of the Strong Verb
Tense
195
“to take"
213
330. Forms for the Past Perfect 350. Two Forms of the Subjunctive
Mode
214
331. Forms for the Future Perfect 351. Progressive Forms
218
195 | 352. Emphatic Forms
332. Modes of the Verb
196 353. Interrogative Forms
333. Anglo-Saxon Modes
197 | 354. Modern or Weak Conjugation... 219
334. The Characteristics of the Modes 197 355. Conjugation of the Weak Verb
335. Inflection of the Infinitive Mode 198
"to love”
219
336. Number of Modes
199 356. Irregular Verbs
223
337. Participles
199 357. Derived Verbs ...
227
338. Present Participle
200 358. Reflective Verbs
228
339. Past Participle...
200 359. Impersonal Verbs
229
340. Conjugation
202 360. Defective Verbs
231
366. Adverbs having the same Forms
as Adjectives
367. Adverbial Phrases
368. Comparison of Adverbs
236
369. Classification of Adverbs
238 370. Primitive Adverbs of Place
238
239
CHAPTER VIII.
PREPOSITIONS.
371. Simple and Compound Preposi- 372. A List of the Prepositions 242
tions,
with Prepositional 373. Origin of certain Prepositions... 242
Phrases
241 | 374. Nature and Office of Prepositions 243
CHAPTER IX.
CONJUNCTIONS.
375. Conjunctions
245 | 378. Office of Conjunctions ...
376. Harris's Classification of Con- 379. Origin of Conjunctions...
junctions
246 380. Iwo Ways in which Sentences
377. Common Classification... 247
are Connected
247
248
250
DERIVATION.
382. Derivation
254 | 407. Greek Roots
284
383. Constituent Elements of the 408. List of Greek Verbal Roots in
255
English
286
384. Natural Development of the
409. Greek Stem-adjectives...
292
Teutonic Portion of our Lan-
410. Greek Stem-substantives
255 | 411. Greek Derivative Words with
385. Instinctive Forms and Pro-
Suffixes
293
nominal Elements
256 412. Greek Derivative Words with
386. Teutonic Stem-words or Roots 256
Prefixes
294
387. List of Teutonic Roots... 258 413. Greek Compound Words in
388. Teutonic Stem-nouns
258
297
389. Teutonic Reduplicate Forms 259 414. Disguised Greek Derivatives and
390. Teutonic Primary Derivatives... 261
Compounds ...
298
391. Teutonic Secondary Derivatives 263 415. Hebrew Portion of our Lan-
392. Teutonic Words with Prefixes... 263
299
393. Formation of Compound Words 266 416. Hebrew or Phænician Words
394. Teutonic Compounds
268
through the Greek and Latin 299
395. Disguised Teutonic Derivatives 417. Prefixes and Suffixes in Words
and Compounds
271
derived from the Hebrew and
396. Classical Element of the English
Chaldaic
Language
272 418. Foreign Words...
301
397. Natural Development of the 419. English Words of Mixed Origin 303
Latin Portion of our Lan-
420. Double Forms in Language 304
273 421. Accidental Coincidences in the
398. Latin Roots
274
Formation of Words
307
399. A List of Latin Verbal Roots 274 422. Illusive Etymologies
308
400. Latin Stem-adjectives...
275 423. Diminutives
311
401. Latin Stem-substantives
275 | 424. Origin of English Surnames 312
402. Latin Primary Derivative Words 275 425. Local Surnames
313
* 403. Latin Secondary Derivatives 276 426. Surnames derived from Occupa-
404. Latin Derivative Words with
tion ...
314
277 | 427. Surnames derived from Office... 314
405. Ronanic Portion of our Language 279 428. Surnames derived from Personal
406. Natural Development of the
or Mental Qualities...
315
Greek Portion of our Lalo 429. Surnames derived from Chris-
tian Names ...