ARTICLE XXXVII. THE ARTILLERY SCHOOL. [G. O. 99, 1867; G. O. 11, 1870; and G. O. 89 and 92, 1875, modified by the General.] 458. The Artillery School established at Fort Monroe, Virginia, constitutes an independent command, from which all reports and returns are made direct to the Headquarters of the Army. It is governed by special regulations, modified from time to time, as may be necessary. The School will have the following organization: 1. Three field officers of Artillery-the senior to command the post and School, the others to be superintendents of instruction. These officers constitute the Staff of the School. 2. Of at least five batteries of Artillery-one from each regiment of Artillery, and such other officers and enlisted men of Artillery as, with or without application, may be ordered to the School for instruction. These batteries will be the instruction batteries of the Foot Artillery. 3. Of an Adjutant of the post, who shall be secretary of the Staff, and keep the 459. The Lieutenants of the instruction batteries shall be relieved and replaced ARTICLE XXXVIII. ARTILLERY INSTRUCTION AND PRACTICE. 460. At all posts, except the Artillery School, where not less than one battery is present, the course of instruction for Foot Artillery will be conducted as follows: The senior officer of Artillery on duty at any post has, under the Post Commander, supervision of Artillery instruction, and the general direction of the Artillery. The instruction of batteries will be under the immediate direction of the respective commanders, and supervised by the Colonel of each Artillery regiment.-[G. O. 14, 1876.] Theoretical instruction of the officers and non-commissioned officers shall include either oral instruction or ordinary recitations at least twice in each week, from October 1 to June 1, from the prescribed Tactics, and such other books as may be adopted by the War Department, under advice of the General of the Army.-[G. O. 14, 1876.] Practical instruction shall include, when proper means are at hand, exercises in the Manual, and mechanical manoeuvres of pieces, according to prescribed systems and experimental firing.-[G. O. 14, 1876.] 461. Colonels of Artillery regiments will require quarterly reports of— 1. Means of instruction at the post. 2. Progress, and kinds of instruction given. 3. Numbers and dates of drills, exercises, and recitations. Records of recitations will be kept, which, with the reports of battery commanders, will make known to the Colonels the proficiency of officers and non-commissioned officers of the regiments. The Colonels will forward abstracts of these reports, through Department Headquarters, to the Adjutant General for the information of the General of the Army.-[G. O. 67, 1866; G. O. 14, 1876.] 462. At all posts with fixed batteries, the position of every gun, mounted or to be mounted, will have its number, and this number will be placed on the gun when in position. The guns will be numbered in a regular series, commencing with the first gun on the left of the main entrance looking out. Where there are platforms temporarily unoccupied by guns, they will be included in the regular series of numbering. The pieces of other batteries will be numbered from right to left, in the same manner.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 57; G. O. 42, 1864.] 463. At all posts with fixed batteries, a book will be kept, to be known as the Post-book of Artillery Record, in which, under the direction of the commander of the post, will be duly entered the number of each mounted gun, its calibre, weight, names of founder and its inspector, and other marks; the description of its carriage and date of reception at the post, where from, and the greatest field of fire of the gun in its position. This book will be furnished by the Ordnance Department. Instructions for keeping it will be found in its front part.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 58; G. O. 67, 1866.] 464. The commanding officer of each post where there are fixed batteries bearing upon a channel will call upon the Engineer Department for accurate charts showing the soundings, to the extent of the ranges of the guns, which charts shall be kept at 4.0.86.84 108-85 44.0.73/82 the post, with the book of Artillery record. As occasion may require, buoys or other marks will be placed in the channels at the extreme and intermediate ranges, and when so placed they will be numerically noted on the charts.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 59; G. 0. 67, 1866; G. . 14, 1876.] 465. At the time of practice a distinct and careful note will be made for the recordbook of every shot or shell that may be thrown, designating the guns fired by their numbers, the charges of powder used, the times of flight of shot and shells, the ranges and ricochets, and the position of guns with respect to the horizontal and vertical lines. It is of the greatest importance that the whole number and character of rounds to which a gun has been subjected in practice be at all times known.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 60; G. O. 14, 1876.] 466. The flight of a shell may be noted with sufficient accuracy by a stop-watch, or by counting the beats (previously ascertaining their value) of other watches, and the range may sometimes be computed by the time of flight. Other modes of ascertaining the range will readily occur to officers of science.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 61.] 467. When charged shells with fuses are thrown, the time of bursting will be noted. If they are intended to fall on land, only a blowing charge will be given to the shells, so that they may be picked up for further use.—[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 62.] 468. To determine accuracy of aim in firing shot and shell, butts or targets will be used. Where no natural butt presents itself, targets will be erected. A form for floating targets will be sent to the commanders of the several forts.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 69.] 469. Batteries at fortifications will be allowed, annually, for instruction and drill for each battery, twenty-five blank cartridges, and for target practice twelve projectiles for calibres above eight-inch, and twenty projectiles for calibres of eight-inch and below, with the necessary blank cartridges. When more than one battery is serving at a post, there will be allowed for each one additional one-half of the allowance above made for a single battery-the whole number of blank cartridges and projectiles to be equally divided among all. For instruction in the use of the friction-primer a reasonable number will be allowed in addition to the number necessary for the practice with blank cartridges and projectiles. At posts garrisoned by Infantry or Cavalry, where there are one or more pieces of artillery, the same allowance of ammunition per gun for target practice and instruction can be expended.-[G. O. 94, 1877.] 470. There will be allowed, per annum, for target practice with the Gatling or other machine guns, for each such gun one thousand ball-cartridges for all calibres above fifty one-hundredths of one inch, and for calibre fifty one-hundredths of one inch and those below, two thousand, to be expended and accounted for in the same manner as small-arm ammunition allowed the Army for a like purpose. Blank cartridges should never be used in the Gatling gun.-[G. O. 94, 1877.] 471. The practice with artillery will be equally divided between the months of June and September.-[G. O. 14, 1876.] 472. The ammunition used for drill and for target practice in all cases will be selected from the serviceable ammunition which has been longest on hand at the post. The practice will in all cases be conducted with great care, and with a single object to convey to officers and men the greatest possible amount of practical information.— [G. O. 94, 1877.] 473. Commanding officers of posts and batteries will transmit through the proper channels, for the information of the Chief of Ordnance, on forms supplied by the Ordnance Department, reports of each and every shot fired, not only in practice and instruction, but also in actual service against an enemy.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 68; G. O. 94, 1877.] INSTRUCTION IN TORPEDO SERVICE. 474. When the number of subaltern officers absent from any of the Artillery regi 4. 94. 13me its does not exceed eleven, the commanding officer of such regiment is authorized, 88.85 Point, New York, each year, to serve six full months, to receive instruction in torpedo 18.0.72/6 with the approval of the Department Commander, to order one subaltern to Willet's service.-[G. O. 65, 1880.] LIGHT-ARTILLERY BATTERIES. 475. For the purpose of diffusing instruction, the Lieutenants of the five Artillery regiments will be passed through the School of Light Artillery in their respective /regiments, so that no Lieutenant will be in that School more than two years at any one tour. From this rule may be excepted Lieutenants in command of companies the Captains of which are indefinitely absent, Adjutants, Regimental Quartermasters, together with such others as from accidental causes may be unable to ride.-[G. O. 14, Hdqrs. Army, 1849.] 476. If a vacancy happen in the grade of Captain of a battery designated as a light battery under section 1101, Revised Statutes, it will be filled by the order of the Secretary of War, on the recommendation of the Colonel, who will name the Captain best qualified for the service.-[G. O. 12, 1849.] 477. Every battery of Artillery actually armed and equipped as a battery of Horse Artillery or a light battery, and serving as such, will be allowed, for annual practice, as many blank cartridges and friction-primers for instruction and drill as may be deemed necessary by the battery commander and approved by the post commander. Such batteries will also be permitted to expend in target practice, annually, twentyfive projectiles for each gun of the command.—[G. O. 94, 1877.] 478. Commanders of light batteries will keep registers of their practice, noting range, accuracy of aim, &c.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 65.] 479. Commanders of all regiments are enjoined to avail themselves of every opportunity of instructing both officers and men in the exercise and management of Field Artillery.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 75.] ARTICLE XXXIX. SMALL-ARM PRACTICE. 480. Ammunition can only be expended in action; in defense of life or public 90.47 property; in target practice or hunting, as provided in paragraphs 481, 484, 490; in the instruction of recruits; for authorized salutes, and for the subsistence of scouts and other civil employés when they are obliged to rely on their arms to sustain life.— [G. O. 95, 1877.] 481. The Army will be allowed at the rate of twenty ball-cartridges per man per 4.0.61 month for target practice, and in the Cavalry service this number will be divided between the carbine and revolver, at the discretion of the commanding officer.-[G. 0.95, 1877.] 482. Every commanding officer of a post will name an officer to supervise the target practice, and the results will be embodied in bi-monthly reports, to be rendered by company commanders, through the proper channels, for the information of the Chief of Ordnance.-[G. O. 95, 1877.] 483. Officers charged with the instruction of recruits may use blank cartridges at discretion during the first year's enlistment, and at the rate of twenty ball cartridges per man per month for target practice.-[G. O. 95, 1877.] 484. When not expended in target practice, the ammunition may, in the discretion of the post commander, be expended in hunting. This allowance need not be expended in each month, but may accumulate, not longer, however, than to the end of the fiscal year, and thus be used under the most favorable circumstances. That unexpended at the end of the fiscal year (June 30) will be no longer available.-[G. 0.95, 1877.] 485. The practice will be conducted according to the authorized "Course of instruction in rifle-firing." For the sake of uniformity, while the results of firing and names of the best shots may be published by Department Commanders, all orders containing instructions to govern practice in rifle-firing must issue from Ármy Headquarters.-G. O. 86, 1879; Circ. A. G. O., Nov. 26, 1879.] 12/81 9.0.42/88 4-3 permanent targets to permanent posts garrisoned by more than one company, 40.8/82 where the proper ranges can be had, and to all other posts temporary targets. The labor and expense of setting them up, preparing the shelters for the markers, &c., will be borne by the Quartermaster's Department.-[G. O. 86, 1879.] 4.0.424 487. Monthly reports of all firings at targets will be made by company commanders to Department Headquarters, through regimental headquarters, and an annual consolidated report will be made by Department Commanders October 1st, of each year, to the General of the Army; the necessary books and blanks will be supplied by the Ordnance Department. When companies are so remote from regimental headquarters as to cause too great delay in transit, one copy of the report will be sent direct to Department Headquarters, and one to the regimental commander.-[G. O. 86, 1879; Gen. Army, Dec. 29, 1879.] 488. Until a system of rewards involving the expenditure of money shall be provided 4.6.2 by legislation to encourage good marksmanship, Department Commanders will grant indulgences to the best marksmen in their commands as they may think proper.-[G. 0.56, 1879.] 489. Guards on being relieved should not necessarily discharge their pieces, but will withdraw the cartridges and replace them in the box.-[G. O. 103, 1874.] 490. On the frontier, where hunting for large game is practicable, the men will be encouraged to hunt; and, for this purpose, Captains of companies may sell cartridges to their men in limited quantities, according to the supply on hand, and will account fe the sales and the money received with their quarterly returns of ordnance.—[G. O. 13, 1874.] 492/2 9.0.23.86 ARTICLE XL. THE ROSTER, Hours of SERVICE, AND ROLL-CALLS. THE ROSTER, OR DETAILS FOR SERVICE. 491. The following rules in regard to the roster apply to service both in garrison and in the field: All details of service should be by roster, but officers or enlisted men, when detailed, must serve whether roster be kept or not; having performed the service, they may appeal to superior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 572; Gen. of Army, June 17, 1870.] 492. The duties performed by detail are of three classes: The first class comprises-1st, grand guards and outposts; 2d, interior guards, as of magazine, hospital, &c.; 3d, orderlies; 4th, police guards. The second class comprises-1st, detachments to protect laborers on military works, as field-works, communications, &c.; 2d, working parties on such works; 3d, detachments to protect fatigues. The third class comprises General Courts-Martial, and all fatigues, without arms, in or out of camp. In the Cavalry, stable-guards form a separate roster, and count before fatigue.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 562.] 493. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. The details are taken in succession in the order of the roster, beginning at the head.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 563.] 494. Lieutenants form one roster, and 1st and 2d Lieutenants are entered on it alternately. The senior 1st Lieutenant is the first on the roster; the senior 2d Lieutenant is the second, &c. The Captains form one roster, and are exempt from fatigues, except to superintend issues. A Captain commanding a battalion temporarily is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenant Colonels and Majors are on one roster. They may be detailed for duties of the first and second classes, when the importance of the guards and detachments requires it. Their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. In the company, sergeants, corporals, and privates form distinct rosters.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 564.] 495. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz, the first, for the detail, takes the grand guards; the next, the interior guards; the last, the police guard; and the same rule in regard to the details and duties of the second class. In the details for the third class, the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 565.] 496. When the officer whose tour it is, is not able to take it, or is not present at the hour of marching, the next after him takes it. When a guard has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was cannot then take it. He takes the tour of the officer who has taken his. When an officer is prevented by sickness from taking his tour, he becomes first for detail on being restored to duty, the general rule being that the officer longest off duty is the first for detail. These rules apply equally to non-commissioned officers and soldiers.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 566; Gen. of Army, Feb. 15, 1871.] 497. Duties of the first and second classes are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post; fatigue duties when the parties have passed the chain or begun the duties in camp.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 567.] 498. Every officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, on duty of the first class, or who is of the next detail for such duty, takes, when relieved, the duty of the second or third class that has fallen to him during that time, unless he has marched for detachment of more than twenty-four hours.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 568.] 499. Soldiers march with knapsacks on all duties of the first class; and with arms and equipments complete on all working parties out of the camp, unless otherwise ordered. In the Cavalry, horses are packed for all mounted service.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 569.] 500. In the Cavalry, dismounted men, and those whose horses are not in order, are preferred for the detail for dismounted service. Those who are mounted are never employed on those services, if the number of the other class is sufficient.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 570.] 501. Every non-commissioned officer and soldier in the Cavalry detailed for dismounted service must, before he marches, take to the 1st Sergeant of the troop, or Sergeant of his squad, his horse equipments and his valise ready packed. In case of alarin, the 1st Sergeant sees that the horses of these men are equipped and led to the rendezvous.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 571.] 502. As far as the exigencies of the service will permit, all details from Light Artillery for armed service shall conform to the natural elements of the arm as sections, platoons, or batteries.—[G. O. 67, 1866.] 503. A mounted battery serving with other troops will furnish its own park and stable guards, police, &c. Both officers and men will generally be exempt from other similar details, and the men will not be detailed for extra duty in the Staff departments, nor for other duty interfering with battery duties, if it can be avoided.—[ G. 0.67, 1866.] DETACHMENTS. 504. When a detachment is to be formed from the different regiments of a brigade, the Assistant Adjutant General of the brigade assembles it, and turns it over to the commander.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 649.] 505. When a detachment is to be formed from different brigades, the Assistant Adjutant General in each forms the contingent of the brigade, and sends it to the place of assembling.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 650.] 506. Detachments are generally formed by taking battalions, squadrons, companies, platoons in turn, according to the roster for such detail.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 651.] 507. When the detachment is to consist of men from every company or troop, the first on the roster for guard are taken.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 652.] 508, Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, whose tour it is to go on detachments, if employed otherwise at the time, are relieved from the duty they are on, if they can reach camp in time to march with the detachment.—[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 653. ] 509. When detachments meet, the command is regulated while they serve together as if they formed one detachment. But the senior officer cannot prevent the commander of any detachment from moving, when he thinks proper, to execute the orders he has received.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 654.] 510. On the return of a detachment, the commander reports to the headquarters from which he received his orders.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 655.] 511. In camp and garrison, the commanding officer prescribes the hours of reveille, reports, roll-calls, guard-mounting, meals, stable-calls, issues, fatigues, &c. In garrison retreat will always be at sunset.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 231.] 512. The prescribed signals, to be given by drums or trumpets, are set forth in the authorized tactics.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 232.] ROLL-CALLS. 513. There shall be daily at least three roll-calls, viz, at reveille, retreat, and tattoo. They will be made on the company parades by the 1st Sergeants, superintended by a commissioned officer of the company.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 234.] 514. At all established roll-calls, except dress-parade, after the companies are dismissed, each officer superintending the company roll-call reports to the Adjutant or other officer designated the result of the roll-call; the Adjutant or officer designated reports the result of the roll-call to the commanding officer.-[¶ 814 Auth. Inf. Tactics.] 515. Immediately after reveille roll-call (after stable-duty in the Cavalry), the tents or quarters, and the space around them, will be put in order by the men of the companies uperintended by the chiefs of squads, and the guard-house or guard-tent by the ard or prisoners.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 235.] 316. The morning reports of companies, signed by the Captains and 1st Sergeants, will be handed to the Adjutant before eight o'clock in the morning, and will be consolidated by the Adjutant within the next hour, for the information of the Colonel; and if the consolidation is to be sent to higher authority, it will be signed by the Colonel and the Adjutant.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 236.] ARTICLE XLI. COUNCILS OF ADMINISTRATION. 517. The commanding officer of every post shall, at least once in every two months, on muster days, convene a Post Council of Administration, to consist of the three regimental or company officers next in rank to himself; or, if there be but two, then the two next; if but one, the one next; and if there be none other than himself, then he himself shall act.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 193; G. O. 24, 1878.] 518. Regimental Councils of Administration consist of the three officers of the regiment on duty at headquarters next in rank to the commander.-[G. O. 22, 1866.] 519. The junior member will record the proceedings of the Council in a book, and submit the same to the commanding officer. If he disapprove the proceedings, and the Council, after a reconsideration, adhere to its decision, a copy of the whole shall be sent by the officer commanding to the next higher commander, whose decision shall |