under his charge without permission from competent authority.—[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 416, 583.] 370. It is the duty of a sentinel to repeat all calls made from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than his own, and no sentinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels.[Regs. 1863, ¶ 419.] 371. In case of disorder, a sentinel must call out the guard; and if a fire take place, he must cry-"Fire!" adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great, he must discharge his piece before calling out.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 418.] 372. When a fire breaks out, or any alarm is raised in a garrison, all guards are to be immediately under arms.-[ Regs. 1863, 411.] 373. After retreat (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer), until broad daylight, a sentinel challenges every person who approaches him, taking, at the same time, the position of charge bayonet. He will suffer no person to come nearer than within reach of his bayonet, until the person has given the countersign, or is passed by an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 424, 427; Inf. Tactics.] 374. A sentinel, in challenging, will call out-“Who comes there?" If answered"Friend, with the countersign," and he be instructed to pass persons with the countersign, he will reply-" Advance, friend, with the countersign!” If answered“Friends!” he will reply-" Halt, friends! Advance one with the countersign!" If answered-"Relief," "Patrol," or "Grand rounds," he will reply-"Halt! Advance, Sergeant (or Corporal), with the countersign!" and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if the persons have not the countersign, he will cause them to stand, and call—“Corporal of the guard !”—-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 425.] 375. When any person approaches a post of the guard at night, the sentinel before the post, after challenging, causes him to halt until examined by a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If it be the officer of the day, or any other officer entitled to inspect the guard and to make the rounds, the non-commissioned officer will callTurn out the guard!" when the guard will be paraded, arms at a carry, and the officer of the guard, if he think necessary, may demand the countersign and parole.—[ Regs. 1863, 427.] 46 GRAND ROUNDS. 376. Any General officer, or the commander of a post or garrison, may visit the guards of his command, and go the grand rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the day.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 431.] 377. The officer of the day, wishing to make the rounds, will take an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Sergeant will answer-“ Grand rounds!” and the sentinel will reply"Halt, grand rounds! Adrance, Sergeant, with the countersign!" Upon which the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry-" Advance, rounds!" and stand at a carry till they have passed.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 428.] 378. When the sentinel before the guard challenges, and is answered-“ Grand rounds," he will reply-" Halt, grand rounds! Turn out the guard; grand rounds! Upon which the guard will be drawn up with arms at a carry. The officer commanding the guard will then order a Sergeant and two men to advance; when within ten paces, the Sergeant challenges. The Sergeant of the grand rounds answers—“ Grand rounds!" The Sergeant of the guard replies-" Advance, Sergeant, with the countersign!” The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone, gives the countersign, and returns to his round. The Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer-“ The countersign is right!” on which the officer of the guard calls—“ Advance rounds!" The guard being at a carry, the officer of the rounds advances alone to the officer of the guard, who keeps his post and gives to him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and, taking a new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards.—[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 429; Inf. Tactics.] 379. All material instructions given to a sentinel on post by persons entitled to make grand rounds will be promptly reported to the commander of the guard.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 430.] COMPLIMENTS FROM GUARDS AND SENTINELS. 380. The sentinel at any post of the guard, when he sees any body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliment, approach, will call- Turn out the guard!" and announce who approaches.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 422.] 381. All guards will turn out and present arms to the officers entitled to the compliment as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of General officers, which turn out only to the General whose guards they are, and to officers his superiors in rank.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 242.] 382. When General officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer of the whole.—[ Regs, 1863, ¶ 249.] 383. When General officers, or officers entitled to a salute, pass in rear of a guard it does not salute, but stands at a carry, facing to the front.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 248.] 384. All guards turn out under arms when armed parties approach their posts, and to parties commanded by commissioned officers they present arms, the officers saluting.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 250; Inf. Tactics.] 385. The National or regimental colors passing a guard are saluted, the trumpets or field-music sounding a march.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 247.] 386. In the day-time, when the sentinel before the guard sees the officer of the day approach, he will call-"Turn out the guard! officer of the day." The guard will be paraded, and salute with presented arms.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 426.] 387. The guard of a camp or garrison turns out and presents arms to the commander of the camp or garrison whenever he approaches its post.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 243; G. 0.9, 1875.] 388. All guards and sentinels will pay the same compliments to the officers of the Navy, Marines, Volunteers, and Militia, in the service of the United States, as are directed to be paid to the officers of the Army, according to their relative ranks.(Regs. 1863, ¶ 252.] 389. Between reveille and retreat sentinels (not in sentry-boxes) armed with the sabre will salute all officers by presenting sabre; if armed with the rifle or carbine they will, under similar conditions, present arms to general and field officers, to the commanding officer of the post, and to the officer of the day, and will give all other officers the sergeants' salute prescribed in tactics.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 420; Inf. Tactics, ¶ 112.] 390. When a sentry in a sentry-box sees an officer approaching he will stand at attention, except during the time of challenging at night, and if armed with a rifle or carbine will salute as the officer passes by bringing the left hand briskly to his piece as high as the right shoulder.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 421.] 391. Guards do not turn out as a matter of compliment after sunset, nor will any compliments be paid by the guard except as prescribed for grand rounds between retreat and reveille.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 251, 423.] 392. Between retreat and reveille, except when challenging, a sentinel (not in a sentry-box) will, when an officer approaches, face outward from his post, and stand steadily at a carry until the officer has passed.—[Regs. 1863, ¶ 423.] ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PROPERTY USED FOR POLICE. 393. Articles of camp and garrison equipage needed for strictly post or camp purposes and police, such as flags, spades, shovels, buck-saws, axes, hatchets, pickaxes, and brooms, will be issued by the Post Quartermaster on special requisitions of the officer of the day, or of the guard, approved by the commander of the post. These articles will be receipted for by the officer making the requisition, and dropped from the Quartermaster's returns. Articles other than those herein enumerated are to be accounted for like other public property. Bucks, or saw-horses, for use with the saws, will be made out of material at the post, without expense to the Government.-[G. 0.73, 1870; G. O. 11 and 48, 1879; G. O. 19, 1880.] 394. The articles so obtained for use of the post will be duly entered, by the officer who draws them, on the Guard Report, under the head "Articles in charge." They are to be carried on the same, and daily receipted for by the successive officers of the day, or of the guard, until no longer fit for use, when they will be submitted for inspection, and, if condemned, disposed of as ordered.-[G. O. 73, 1870.] 395. An officer who receipts for property under the head of "Articles in charge" on the Guard Report, is not required to render returns thereof. He is relieved from all accountability for it by the receipt of his successor.-[G. O. 73, 1870.] ARTICLE XXXIV. WORKING PARTIES AND EXTRA-DUTY PAY. 396. Although the necessities of the service may require soldiers to be ordered on working-parties as a duty, commanding officers are to bear in mind that fitness for military service by instruction and discipline is the object for which the Army is kept on foot, and that they are not to employ the troops when not in the field, and especially the mounted troops, in labors that interfere with their military duties and exercises, except in case of immediate necessity, which shall be forthwith reported for the orders of the War Department.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 910.] 397. Extra-duty men should attend the weekly and monthly inspections of their companies, and, if possible, one drill in every week.—[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 906.] 4.0.982 " 42.86 398. The officer commanding a working-party will conform to the directions and Plays of the Engineer or other officer directing the work, without regard to rank.— Regs. 908.] 399. Non-commissioned officers and soldiers employed under section 1287, Revised Statutes, are to be mustered as extra-duty men. Commanding officers will see that no man is paid as an overseer or mechanic who is not actually employed as such, and no soldier shall be rated at the higher pay except by their order. Regs. 1863, ¶ 902; G. 0. 79, 1836.] 400. Soldiers will not be employed as extra-duty men for any labor in camp or 4.6. 6 garrison which can properly be performed by fatigue parties.[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 904.] 401. No extra-duty men, except those required for the ordinary service of the Quartermaster, Commissary, and Medical Departments, will be employed without previous authority from Department Headquarters, except in case of necessity, which shall be promptly reported to the Department Commander.-[ Regs. 1833, ¶ 905.] 9.0.60.84 402. Private soldiers employed in hospitals as cooks and nurses continuously for a period exceeding ten days will be paid the lowest rate of extra-duty pay, by the Pay9.0.47.82 master, on the hospital muster-rolls.-[Regs. 1863, 907; War Dept., Feb. 15, 1872.] 58.84 403. Enlisted men of the Ordnance and Engineer Departments, Hospital Stewards, 20. 83 and Ordnance and Commissary Sergeants, are not to receive extra-duty pay, unless .. 35.8. under special authority of the Secretary of War.-[G. O. 26, 1870.] 404. Company artificers, farriers, blacksmiths, and wagoners receive no extra pay except when detailed on extra duty in the Quartermaster's Department wholly disconnected with their companies.-[G. O. 26, 1870; War Dept., Nov. 1, 1872, and June 29, 1874.] 405. Soldiers detailed as Acting Superintendents of National Cemeteries while so acting are entitled to extra pay as overseers.-[Sec. War, Oct. 17, 1872.] 406. Signal Service men shall not receive extra-duty pay unless specially directed by the Secretary of War.-[Act of June 20, 1878, in G. O. 41, 1878; G. O. 54, 1878.] 407. The following Signal Service men are authorized to receive extra-duty pay G.6.20.85 at the rate of thirty-five cents per day: Non-commissioned officers in charge of sec tions; Corporals and privates in charge of stations, or serving as operators, and repairmen on the United States telegraph lines carrying, or which may carry, commercial business.-[G. O. 54, 1878.] 408. No extra-duty pay will be paid to any enlisted men employed as clerks except in the manner authorized by the Regulations.-[ War Dept., Feb. 20, 1837, and Nov. 10, 1871.] 409. Soldiers employed as scouts are not to be paid extra-duty pay, it being a military duty to which they are liable.-[2d Comp. Treas.] 410. A prisoner undergoing sentence is not to receive extra-duty pay.-[ War Dept., Mar. 24, 1874.] 411. Enlisted men being liable to perform guard and other military duty are entitled to extra pay when employed on extra-duty more than ten days in a month, though the employment may not have been continuous.-[2d Comp. Treas., Mar. 10, 1871.] 412. Eight hours constitutes a day's work for all persons who are employed and paid by the day, by or on behalf of the Government of the United States. This does not extend to persons who are paid regular salaries. Watchmen, clerks, messengers, and others, whose time may be necessary at any or all hours, are not considered to be embraced within the terms of the law.-[R. S., § 3738; Op. Att. Gen., in G, O. 93, 1872.] 413. Men on extra-duty pay will be held to such hours as may be expedient and necessary; but except in case of urgent public necessity, as in military operations, when they must work regardless of hours, not more than ten hours' labor should be required. But when more than eight hours' work is required in any one civil day, the soldier rendering the service will be paid for more than a day's labor, in proportion to the time actually employed.—[G. O. 46, 1868; G. O. 25 and 53, 1877.] 414. In ordinary cases, the hours of work should be so regulated as to agree, as far as possible, with the hours established in civil work in each locality.—[G. O. 46, 1868.] 415. Contracts may be made for civil labor or work covering such hours as necessity requires in any case, but they must be distinctly made with the free consent of the worker.-[G. O. 25, 1877.] ARTICLE XXXV. CARE OF FORTIFICATIONS. 416. No person shall be permitted to walk upon any of the slopes of a fortification, excepting the ramps and glacis. If, in any case, it be necessary to provide for crossing them, it should be done by placing wooden steps or stairs against the slopes. The occasional walking of persons on a parapet will do no harm, provided it be not allowed to ent the surface into paths.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 40.] 417. No cattle, horses, sheep, goat, or other animal, shall ever be permitted to go upon the slopes, the ramparts, or the parapets, nor upon the glacis, except within fenced limits, which should not approach the crest nearer than thirty feet.-[ Regs. 1563, 41.] 418. All grassed surfaces, excepting the glacis, will be carefully and frequently mowed (except in dry weather), and the oftener the better, while growing rapidlythe grass never being allowed to be more than a few inches high. In order to cut the grass even and close, upon small slopes a light one-handed scythe should be used; and in mowing the steep slopes, the mower should stand on a light ladder resting against the slope, and not upon the grass. Crops of hay may be cut on the glacis; or, if fenced, it may be used as pasture; otherwise it should be treated as other slopes of the fortification. On all the slopes spots of dead grass will be cut out and replaced by fresh sods. All weeds will be eradicated. A very little labor, applied steadily and judiciously, will maintain the grassed surfaces, even of the largest forts, in good condition.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 42.] 419. The burning of grass upon any portion of a fortification is strictly forbidden. -[Regs. 1863, 43.] 420. Particular attention is required to prevent the formation of gullies in the parade, terreplein, and ramps, and especially in slopes where grass is not well established. If neglected, they soon involve heavy expense.-[Regs, 1863, 44.] 421. Earth, sand, or ashes must not be placed against wood-work; a free ventilation must be preserved around it; and all wooden floors, platforms, bridges, &c., will be kept clean swept.-[Regs, 1e63, ¶ 45.] 422. The machinery of draw-bridges, gates, and posterns must be kept in good working order by proper cleaning and oiling of the parts; the bridges will be raised and the gates and posterns opened as often as once a week.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 46.] 423. The terrepleins of forts, the floors of casemates, caponniers, store-roonis, barracks, galleries, posterns, magazines, &c., and the sidewalks in front of quarters and barracks, as well as other walks, are sometimes paved with bricks or stones, or formed of concrete. These surfaces must be preserved from injury with great care, to prevent leaking of water into masonry and casemates. They must be protected by planks. whenever it is necessary to transport guns or vehicles of any kind over them; and no heavy weight must be permitted to fall upon them.-[Regs. 1-63, ¶47.] 424. The doors and windows of all store-rooms and unoccupied casemates, quarters, barracks, &c., will be opened several times a week for thorough ventilation.[Regs. 1863, 48.] 425. The foregoing matters involve but little expense; the labor is within the Leans of every garrison, and no technical knowledge is called for beyond what will be found among soldiers. Repairs requiring small disbursements, such as repainting exposed wood or iron work, can be also executed by the garrison; but reports, estimates, and requisitions may be necessary to obtain the materials.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 50.] 426. No alteration will be made in any fortification, or in its casemates, quarters, barracks, magazines, store-houses, or any other building belonging to it; nor will any building of any kind, or work of earth, masonry, or timber, be erected within the fortification, or on its exterior within half a mile, except under the superintendence of the Engineer Department, and by the authority of the Secretary of War.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶ 51.] 427. Commanding officers of troops occupying the regular forts built by the Engineer Department will permit no photographic or other views of the same to be taken.-[G. O. 35, 1869.] ARTICLE XXXVI. CARE AND PRESERVATION OF ARTILLERY MATERIAL. [Regs. 1863, Art. XL; G. O. 42, 1864, modified by the General.] 428. Every commander will be accountable for all the ordnance and Ordnance stores of his command not issued to the company or detachment commanders, or not in charge of an officer of Ordnance or a Storekeeper; or he may detail a subordinate officer to aet as Ordnance officer under him, who shall be charged with the responsibility for the care and preservation of Ordnance property, and accountability therefor.-[ Regs. 1863, 1420; Ĝ. O. 12, 1873; G. O. 111, 1874; G. O. 4, 1880.] 429. Machine guns should be kept well oiled and under cover until used. 480. Cast-iron cannon, whether mounted or dismounted, should be kept well lacquered. The lacquer should be applied only in dry, warm weather. 431. The muzzle of the piece should always be depressed, to prevent water from standing in the bore. The tompion should be kept in, and the vent closed. At least. once a month, especially with rifled guns, the bore should be sponged dry, and oiled by means of a sponge saturated with sperm-oil. In cold weather a little kerosene may be mixed with the sperm-oil. The vent should be well oiled; or, if the piece is not in use, stopped with putty. 432. Guns, especially when rifled, in batteries exposed to blowing sand, are provided with the tompion and canvas muzzle cover. This is a useful precaution when firing. 433. When the piece is mounted, the trunnions and trunnion-beds are kept from rust by pouring a small quantity of oil into the beds, and several times elevating and depressing the piece. 434. Once a month the carriage should be traversed so as to change its place of rest on the traverse circle. At the same time the pintle and axle-journals should be oiled. 435. Pieces with hydraulic or pneumatic buffers ought habitually to be kept in battery, and the air-holes carefully closed with plugs. Once a week, if practicable, they should be run from battery, and the pistons cleansed and oiled. Rust may be removed from the piston with fine emery cloth, and the surface polished with rottenstone and oil. Carriages with friction recoil-check should also be run from battery once a month, but the friction-bar should not be oiled. 436. The axles of the truck-wheels are cleansed and cared for in the same manner as pistons. 437. Elevating-screws, when not in use, are kept in the store-house, cleansed and oiled in the same way. 438. Cannon, not mounted, are kept together according to kind and calibre. They rest on skids of stone, iron, or wood, which should be laid on hard ground, well rammed, and covered with cinders or gravel, to prevent vegetation. The locality should be free from shade. 439. The pieces should so rest on the skids as easily to be rolled over for lacquering; the muzzle depressed, and in such position as to be readily reached with the sponge. 440. Siege mortars may stand on the muzzle, resting upon thick plank or pavement. 441. Iron carriages should be kept well painted, usually red color. Before painting, blisters, rust, or old paint, are removed with a scraper. The tops of chassis rails are neither painted nor oiled, but kept clean by dry scraping. 442. Iron handspikes, elevating-bars, and similar implements, heads of bolts, and edges of rails, are painted black. 443. If possible, siege-gun carriages should be kept under cover in well-ventilated sheds. 444. Siege pieces, when scraped and painted, are dismounted. The carriages are painted olive, the iron parts black. 445. Projectiles for rifled guns should be kept under cover. They should be oiled, lacquered, or painted. The projectiles should be cleaned before being relacquered or repainted. The fuse-holes should be stopped with tow or cotton-waste. Care should be taken in handling to avoid injury to the sabot. 446. Spherical projectiles should be lacquered as soon as received. 447. No shells of any description should be charged until occasion requires for firing. 448. Projectiles are piled, according to kind and calibre, on beds carefully made in dry localities where there is a free circulation of air. 449. No such articles as loaded shells, fuses, friction primers, water caps, rockets, fire-works, composition for fire-works, port-fires, slow and quick match, will ever be put in a magazine containing powder. 450. The magazine should be opened and dried only in clear, dry weather. The ventilators must be kept free. No shrubbery or trees should be permitted to screen the building from the sun. 451. Moisture in a magazine may be absorbed by chloride of lime in an open vessel. The use of quicklime is dangerous. 452. No person must enter the magazine without first removing his shoes. Canes, swords, or other articles which might produce sparks, will not be taken in. 453. When necessary to prevent caking, barrels of powder will be rolled on boards in the yard outside the magazine. 454. Barrels containing powder will be occasionally inspected, and brushed, to prevent insects from destroying the hoops. Carbolic acid may be used as a remedy for this. 455. No smoking or fire will be allowed within dangerous proximity of the magazine. Should a fire accidentally occur near by, the ventilators and windows must be immediately closed, and the building covered with paulins, blankets, or carpets saturated with water. No attempt should be made to remove the contents. 456. Under no circumstances must filling of cartridge-bags or projectiles be done in a magazine. 457. Should the powder be caked, great caution must be used in breaking the lumps. The grains must be separated, but not pulverized. |