Prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.—Continued Boyer, Dr. Elizabeth, immediate past president, Woman's Equity "A Matter of Simple Justice," a pamphlet entitled_ "Jurisdictional Statement," a Supreme Court brief entitled.. Presentation in behalf of the Women's Equity Action League "Sex Bias Suit Filed by Woman Over Job," an article entitled... Fields, Mrs. Daisy, president, Federally Employed Women, "High- Fitzgerald, Dr. Laurine E., associate dean of students and professor 510 Fact sheet on the earnings gap.. Prepared statement of___ Harris, Ann Sutherland, assistant professor, art history, Columbia "Columbia Women's Liberation," an article entitled_. "Fact Sheet on the American Family in Poverty," an article Komisar, Lucy, writer, and a national vice president of NOW: Murray, Dr. Pauli, professor of American studies, Brandeis University: Table 1.-Number of men and women graduating with honors 336 Prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.—Continued Norris, Frances S., M.D., Washington, D.C.: "Choosing A Medical School," an article entitled.. "'Disaster' Aid Given Schools of Medicine," an article entitled__ Letter from Harry W. Linde, Ph. D., assistant professor, North- Letter from Donald M. Pitcairn, M.D., director, Physician "Medical Schools: HEW Funded Half of 68 Expenses,' an Study of U.S. medical school applicants, 1968-69 (table) - 574 559 Summary of medical school financial reports, 1958-68 (table 28).. Ross, Mrs. Jean, chairman, National Legislative Committee, American Roberts, Mrs. Sylvia, attorney, secretary of the Louisiana Commission Appendix: Suggestions to the EEOC.. Hacker, Dr. Sally, president, Houston Chapter NOW, statement "Rebelling Women-The Reason," an article from the U.S. Sandler, Dr. Bernice, chairman, Action Committee for Federal Con- Dowding, Nancy E., Ph. D., president, Women's Equity Action "Equal Employment Opportunity Provisions Directly Related to Percentage of doctorates awarded to women in selected fields "Women's Equity Action League.-Universities and Colleges 308 Prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.—Continued "A Report from the Commission on the Status of Women in the Brat fisch, Virginia, president, California NOW, letter to chancellor Equal opportunities for men and women in New York State, a Page 169 202 161 "Preliminary Report on the Status of Women at Harvard,' an Platform on Women's Rights, New Democratic Coalition, New Grade changes in number of full-time librarians (table). 161 161 157 177 183 Sex discrimination guidelines.. Statement of.. "Why Doesn't Business Hire More College-Trained Women?" "Quotations and Incidents Heard and Observed Informally on "The Half-Eaten Apple," a newspaper article entitled. 200 148 209 212 174 "Women at Wisconsin," a booklet entitled_ 190 "Women in the Labor Force," an article entitled_ 180 Letter to Chairman Green, dated July 13, 1970. Shaw, Mrs. Daisy K., director, Educational and Vocational Guidance of New York City: 172 449 446 DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1970 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met at 10:20 a.m. in room 2261, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Edith Green (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Present: Representatives Green, Hathaway, Perkins, Quie, and Steiger. Staff members present: Harry Hogan, counsel; Robert C. Andringa, minority professional staff assistant. (Text of section 805 of H.R. 16098 follows:) PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION SEC. 805. (a) Section 601 of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended to read as follows: "SEC. 601. No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, sex, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." (b) Section 702 of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is amended by the insertion of a period after "activities" and the deletion of the remainder of the sentence. (c) That paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of section 104 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975c (a)) is amended by inserting immediately after "religion," the following: "sex", and paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (a) of such section 104 are each amended by inserting immediately after "religion" the following: ", sex”. (d) Section 13 (a) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is amended by the insertion after the words "the provisions of section 6" of the following language "(except section 6(d) in the case of paragraph (1)).” Mrs. GREEN. The subcommittee will come to order for the further consideration of legislation that is under the jurisdiction of this subcommittee. It is with a great sense of personal pleasure that I welcome to the subcommittee today witnesses who will offer testimony on section 805 of H.R. 16098. Section 805 would amend the Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex in federally financed programs and would remove the exemption presently existing in title VII of the Civil Rights Act with respect to those in education. It would authorize the Civil Rights Commission to study discrimination against women and lastly would remove the exemption of executive, administrative, and professional employees from the equal pay for equal work provision of the Fair Labor Standards Act. (1) It is to be hoped that the enactment of the provisions would be of some help in eliminating the discrimination against women which still permeates our society. It seems ironic that in a period when we are more concerned with civil rights and liberties than ever before in our history-when minorities have vigorously asserted themselves-that discrimination against a very important majority-women-has been given little attention. Increasingly women are constituting a greater proportion of our labor force. As of April of this year there were 31,293,000 women in the labor market constituting nearly 40 percent of the total. However, despite the growth in the number of women working today, the proportion of women in the professions is lower in this country than in most countries throughout the world. While the United States prides itself in being a leader of nations, it has been backward in its treatment of its working women. Professionally, women in the United States constitute only 9 percent of all full professors, 8 percent of all scientists, 6.7 percent of all physicians, 3.5 percent of all lawyers, and 1 percent of all engineers. Despite the fact that the Federal Government through Democratic and Republican administrations has given lip service to the equal opportunities for employment of women, the very large majority are in the lower grades of Civil Service and only a small portion in policymaking or administrative positions. Despite increases in earnings, income and wage statistics illustrate dramatically a deep discrimination against women. The average median income for women working full-time year around is $4,457. The comparable figure for men is $7,664. We have been concerned, and rightly so, about discrimination against the Negro in our society-about the Negro man who averages $5,603-only 69.9 percent of the average earnings for a white man. But I hear little concern expressed for women who average only 58 percent in comparison. The average wage in the United States is: Negro women, $3,677; white women, $4,700; Negro men, $5,603; white men, $8,014. The sorry fact is also that the gap in earning power is widening. In 1956, for example, women's median income of $2,827 was 64 percent of the $4,466 received by men. Women's median wage or salary income rose to $3,973 in 1966 while men's rose to $6,848. So, although both groups experienced increases. women's income increased at a slower rate and their median income in 1966 was only 58 percent of that of men-a 6-percent drop in the 10year period. Many of us would like to think of educational institutions as being far from the maddening crowd, where fair play is the rule of the game and everyone, including women, gets a fair roll of the dice. Let us not deceive ourselves-our educational institutions have proven to be no bastions of democracy. Initially many women are required to meet higher admission standards than men. While the Federal Government and the Office of Education, in effect, though their policies, encourage college admission standards to be waived for certain individuals, they have shown ab |