therefore to make satisfaction for their guilt, each man is held by the law of God and holy church to fast these forty days. Teyye by a common antithesis of the Saxon þ into y, is teththe. I take both this and tethe to be old participles of teohhian, instruere, ordinare, &c., from teon. If from rýðian, annuere, donare, it will make scarcely any difference in the explanation, as they are in that case days laid out or granted for Lent. THECLA.-See TECCLA.

THELWOLD. See ATHELwold.

THEOBALD.-July 1. (See TEOBALD.) A hermit of Vincentia, who died about 1050 under the emperor Henry II.-Petr. de Natal., l. VI, c. 36 ; Hospin. de Fest., fo. 115.

THEODORET.-March 22. A martyr in the time of Constantine, “x kal. Aprilis, Passio Sancti Theodoreti."-Kal. Carth. Mabillon, V. I, Anal., p. 187.

THEODORUS.-April 6: G. 403. A bishop of Ancyra.-Petr. de Natal., l. IV, c. 33.

THEODORUS.-Feb. 7. (Vol. I, p. 167.) A bishop of Heraclea in the time of Constantine the Great, about 319. In the Greek church Feb. 17. Gregory of Nazianzin has a panegyric on this Saint, and an inquiry into the cause of his commemoration.

THEODORUS.-Nov. 9: G. 417; V. 432; T. 445. There were two martyrs of this name on the same day, one of Amasin under Dioclesian and Maximin, (Petr. de Natal., 1. X, c. 39,) and a soldier of Heraclea under Licinius. -Ib., c. 40.

THEODORUS.-Dec. 7: G. 419. Besides the above there were― -1, Theodore, abbot of Tabenna, 367, Dec. 28; 2, in 821, Nov. 22; 3, Theodore Grapt, 822, Dec. 27; 4, Theodore the Studite, 826, Nov. 27.

THEODOSIA.-April 3: G. 403. A virgin of 16 years, martyred at Cæsarea under Dioclesian," 1111 non. April.”—Petr. de Natal., l. IV, c. 25. THEODULUS.-Feb. 17.

THEONIS.-April 24; J. 404, n. Theonas, a bishop "x kal. Sept." (Pet. de Natal., l. VII, c. 98,) or an abbot, c. 99.

66

“Theo

Theophania, Theophany.-Jan. 16, the day of the Epiphany. The word signifies the manifestation or appearance of God (See Epiphania.) phania seu Baptismum Jesu Christi," is the title of a homily by Chrysostom (Oper., t. V, hom. 74, Ed. Savil.) The Theophany is said to be a more ancient festival than the Epiphany, but it seems to be nothing more than a synonyme as regards religious rites. The wrioμov, or illumination, in commemoration of the Baptism of Christ is one thing, and Epiphany and Theophany are others, but celebrated on the same day; so of the Bethphania, Phagiphania. All the names given to the ceremonies of Jan. 6, except Epiphany and Theophany, belong to different events. See the extract from a MS. homily, p. 119.

"Octavo ante idus agitur Theophania sanctum."

"Theophonie."

Bed. Oper., t. I, p. 243.

Chron. Sax., ann. 1118.

Thephan.-Theophany, in our Fr. records: "La vigile de Thephan."

Thetha.-See Teath.

Thiefane. The Theophany, in the old metrical life of St. Brandin:

"Tu doies icy celebrer

Le Noel Dieu et demorer,

En jusqu' a l'apparition

Lors remestroient li compaignon
Quant la Thiefane fut passée

Si orent lor nef aprestée."

La Vie de S. Brandin.

THOMAS, Apostle.-Dec. 21: G. 420; V. 433; T. 446; E. 460; L.. 472. This is his translation. "Suche a day ze schul haue Sent Thomas day þt was crystes holy apostel ge schul faste pe euen & specyaly schal worschep hym for þre þynges p' hys holy apostel hade þt ys to say for h' heygh p'uyng of oure fey, for grete wondres in his way and grete myraclus on his day."-(Cott. MS. Claud. A. II, fo. 11.) July 3: G. 409. This is

his Natalis.

THOMAS AQUINAS.-March 7; in Paris, July 18.

He died in 1272, and was

canonized by John XXII.-Hospin. de Fest., fo. 17 b.

THOMAS of Canterbury.-July 7: E. 455. This is his Translation; his Passion, Dec. 29: E. 460.

THOMAS of Hereford.-Oct. 2: D. 458.

THOMAS le Martyr.-July 7: L. 467. This is Thomas à Becket, archbp. of Canterbury. This is his Translation; his Passion, Dec. 29, L. 472. THOMAS of Ynde.-Dec. 21 & July 3. "Goode men & wemen suche a day ge schalle haue sent Thomas day of Ynde pt was goddus holy apostyll þe whiche euen ze schalle faste & cum to be churche on þe day to worschep god & his holy apostell sent Thomas" (Lansdowne MS., 392, fo. 8b). "Suche a day N. ye schal haue seynt Thomas day of Ynde" (Harl. MS., 2403, fo. 12). St. Thomas of the Apostle is reported by tradition to have gone into India : "Thomam in Indiam usque penetravit" (Baron., Annal., an. 44). "" Thomas Parthos sortitus" (Pol. Verg., l. IV, c. 2, p. 219; see Festum Divisionis Apostolorum). The two days occur thus in the Kalendar of Arras, an. 826: "y non. Julii Apud Edessam Sancti Thomæ Apostoli;” and “ XII kal. Jan. In India Translatio Sancti Thomæ Apostoli." The Translation was made in the time of the emperor Alexander, July 3 (Petr. de Natal., 7. VI, c. 44). As there are several days to which the name of Thomas is annexed in the kalendars, the following date is 66 vague: Wretyn at Bruggys the Fryday next aftyr seynt Thomas."-Paston Letters, v. II, p. 8. Thoresene.-Eve of Holy Thursday, in Robert of Gloucester, p. 394:

"Hii by gonne an holy Thoresene, þen toun asaly þere

Stalwardlyche vaste ynou, noblemen is pt were."

7

Thornagium.-See Hybernagium.

Thorsdai, Thorsday. The day of Thor, corrupted to Thurday and Thursday. -Robert of Glouc., p. 297, 505, 507, 532; Robert of Brunne, p. 93, 290, &c.; Paston Letters, v. II, p. 36-8, &c.

Thorysdaye.-The same. "Thorysdaye in Esterne weke."-—Paston Letters, v. II, p. 66.

Thre Kynges Day.-Jan. 6. With the empress Maud, wife of Henry II, first peace came into England, of which there was none before:

"And pays also vorst myd hyre, vor erst nas þer non

By þys pre kynges Day, þat uncunde were echon."

Robert of Gloucester, p. 423.

Thrymylce Monath.-May: V. 426. The Saxon Menology (Jul., D. A. X), has the following explanation of this term:-Donne on þone fiftan monað (sic) on geare bið an ‐ þritiz daga. se monað is nemned on læden mains & on ure zedeode drýmilce. forðon spýle zenihtsumner pær geo on Brytone. eac on Germania lande of dæm ongla deod on þar Breotone † hi on þæm monde þripa on dæze mýlcedon heopa neat-Then in the fifth month of the year are one & thirty days. The month is named in Latin Maius & in our language Thrymilce, because such abundance there was of yore in Britain, & also in the land of Germany, from which the Angles came, that they in this month milked their cattle thrice a day.

Thurday.—Thursday, in Robert of Brunne, p. 93:

-

"On a Thurday at nyght at euen he gede to reste,

To hunte þer he had tight in his new foreste."

Thursday.- They worshipped Jupiter also under the German-Celtic denominations of Thor, Thur or Thunder, as Tor-an & Tur-ur signify thunder in Irish and Welsh, and as we have a Roman British inscription discovered at Chester: I. O. M. Tanaro-to Jupiter the Thunder (Horsley.-The name was originally Thoran, Thorn, as a circus of stone dedicated to this day, in Iceland, is denominated Thornes Thing at present.-Dan. Mon., p. 27); and the present appellations of Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday are, as the latter is similarly denominated in Dutch, Thunderday, remain to the present hour lively memorials of the idolatry of our forefathers" (Whitaker, Hist. Manch., v. II, p. 359). Thor lends his name to the Swedish January, which is called Thoremonath.

Thwelfth.-The Twelfth Day, in Paston Letters, v. III, p. 152. TIBERTIUS.-April 14: G. 403; V. 425; T. 438; E. 452. Tiburtius, or Tyburtius, Valerian & Maximus, were martyrs at Rome under Almagius, prefect of the city (Petr. de Natal., l. IV, c. 51). Hospinian says that he suffered in 174, under the emperor Commodus, because he would not sacrifice to Jupiter.-De Fest., fo. 78.

TIBURTIUS.-Aug. 11: G. 411; V. 429; T. 442; E. 456. A martyr at Rome, under Dioclesian and Maximin.-Vincent., l. XII, c. 17; Petr. de Natal., 7. VII, c. 46; Hospin. de Fest., fo. 127.

TIBURTIUS.-Aug. 12; the day on which the Danes sometimes began the

year.

Tid, Tide. This is the Saxon word for hour, tide, time, ebb and flow of the sea, and also the day of a festival, or the festival itself. The following computation is transcribed from the MS. Titus D. XXVII, fo. 25 b: Dir full zen rpelf monþar fulle endlufan dagar y six tida. Bir donne Ireo hund dagafif sixtig daga & feorðan dæl dæger. Þrýndon six tida þær bið tpa fifti pucena.eahta þurenda tida.

reouan

hund sixti. hund eahtarız dusenda hpıla – sıx hund, da man harep minuta. seouan durenda & six hund. þonne bið ðær eac beoɲhta hpila neo hund Jurenda.fifti durenda. fif hundrpentig. donne bið þær fif brittig þurend prida* & feopertig. On anɲe æren neahtliche ride beod feoper punctas ten minuta fiftene pantes feoperrig momenta be rumpe manna tale." The full year contains 12 full months, 11 days, and 6 hours; that is, then, 365 days, or 365 days, 6 hours. Of this are two & 50 weeks. And 8000 hours & 760 (i. e. 8760 hours) and 80000 whiles & 600 which are called minutes (i. 80,600 whiles or minutes). And 7000 and 600. Then there are also of bright whiles 300,000 & 50520 (i. 350520 bright whiles). Three are 35,040 prides. In one equal hour there are 4 points, 10 minutes, 15 parts and 40 moments by some men's reckoning." The first part of this computation, although erroneous, presents no difficulty. The writer means that a full year is equal to 12 m. 11 d. 6 h. or 365 d. 6h. which make 52 weeks. In one day are 80,600 minutes which are our seconds. A day contains 350,520 bright whiles. Then he says, in one hour are 4 points; one point contains 10 minutes, 15 parts, or 40 moments.

The computation of Bridforth, a monk of Ramsey about 980, contained in his treatise De Computo Ecclesiastico, preserved among the Ashmolean MSS. in the Bodleian Library (Cod. 6682 & 7420,) is as follows: Fir hund & feoper & sÿxtig atomi gepýrcað an momentum. feoper momenta gefyllað minutum. rpezen minuta healf gepуncað anne pɲican

feoper prica gepýncað an tid on þære sunnan ɲýne. ¬ sıx tida piɲcað anne fýrðling. & feoper fýrðlingas anne dæz. ↑ seofen dagar ane pucan.-" 564 atoms make 1 moment; 4 moments fill a minute; 2 minutes make 1 prick, and 4 pricks make, in the sun's course, one hour; and 6 hours make 1 quarter, and 4 quarters 1 day, and 7 days 1 week."

As to tides, the following occurs in the MS. Titus: Hep is reo ende byrdner monan gonger sæ Flodes. On reoɲa nihra ealdne monan panað se sæflod. oþþ se mona bið .XI. nihta eald. oþþe .XII. Of .XI. nihta ealdum monan peaxeð se sæ flod. op .x11.111. nihta ealdum monan. Ƒɲam .x11.111. nihta ealdum monan. panaþ re ræ flod op .XXIII. nihta ealdum monan. Op .XXIII. nihta ealdum monan peaxeð re flod. opp re mona bið eft ðɲeoɲa nihta eald (fo. 56 b.)—Here is the order of the course of the moon and the sea-flood, until the moon be 11 or 12 nights old. On a three nights' old moon the sea-flood diminishes till the moon be 11 or 12 nights' old. From a moon of 11 nights' old to a moon of 15 nights' old, the sea-flood increases. From a moon of 15 nights' old to a moon of 23 nights' old the sea-flood ebbs. From a moon of 23 nights' old the sea-flood flows till the moon be again 3 nights' old. Sometimes tide, in English, is joined with the name of a saint. In the case of Col. Fiennes, 19 Car. I: " He told Mr. Talbois that he should not be in Bristol at St. James's tide then next ensuing, and used such expressions as made him

* This word is not very distinct in the manuscript, but may it not be phicla, for pricar?

believe he meant to surrender the town by that time (as he did the very next day after St. James's Feast")-State Trials, v. I, p. 783. It is found in several compounds, as Shrovetide, Whitsuntide, &c.

Tiefane.-The Theophany, in our records and French kalendars of the 13th century.

TIGNAN.-A corruption of St. Agnan, or Aignan, Nov. 17.

TIMON.-Apr. 19. A deacon & martyr, the first of the seven elected by the apostles. He went to preach at Corinth, and was there cast into the flames, but coming out unhurt, he was crucified by the Jews and Greeks.-Hospin. de Fest., fo. 78 b.

TIMOTHEUS, TIMOTHY.-Jan. 8: G. 397.

TIMOTHEUS & APOLLINARIS.-Aug. 23: E. 456.

TIMOTHEUS & SYMPHORIANUS.-Aug. 22: V. 429 (Ubi Simphonianus); T. 442; E. 456. There were also—1, Timotheus, Jan. 13; 2, Jan. 21, at Paris, March 31; 3, Timotheus, Polius & Eutychius, martyrs in Mauritania, May 21. Petr. de Natal., l. V, c. 28; t. XI, c. ult., n. 30. Tiphayne, Tipheyne.-The Theophany, in our Fr. records; as in the letter of safe conduct of Henry III to his insurgent barons, in 1261: "E ceo denz la tiphayne procheine a venir" (Rymer, Fœd., t. I, p. 412); and the date of the letter from John, duke of Brabant, on the marriage of his son to the king's daughter. "Faites et donnes en l'an de l'incarnation nostre segnor, MCCLXXVIII, le jour de Tipheyne."-Ibid., p. 549. Tiwesday.-Tuesday, Saxon and old Engl.

TOMAS.-See THOMAS. Robert of Gloucester relates the Translation of Thomas a Becket thus (p. 518):

"The king wende po to Canterbury, 7 heie men al so

To mine vp sein Tomas body, 7 in to sryne do,
Erst he adde ileye an erpe vnsryned vifti ger."

TOMER. A corruption of St. Omer (Audomarus), Sept. 9.

TOMOTHEUS.-Aug. 22: G. 412. A priest & martyr at Rome under Valerian. -Petr. de Natal., VII, c. 91.

TOOLEY.-A corruption of St. Olave, or, as Camden has it, St. Olye, Apr. 14. -Remains, p. 123.

ToOSES.-A corruption of St. Osithes (Oct. 7).—Bailey, Life of Bishop Fisher, p. 88.

TORPETUS.-May 17. A Pisan, who erected a temple to Diana, where he formed a brazen sphere, supported on 90 columns, with figures of the sun, moon & stars, which rose and set, and with pipes, through which water dropped so as to imitate rain. He also imitated thunder, by a subterranean invention. He was a counsellor of the emperor Nero, who ordered him to be beheaded on his conversion to Christianity. His body was thrown into the sea, but was cast on shore in Spain, where it was honorably interred on this day, in a place on which a church was afterwards erected, and his feast celebrated on the anniversary of his funeral.-Petr. de Natal., l. V, c. 8; Hospin. de Fest., fo. 86.

TORQUATUS.-May 15. A bishop of Actium.

TOSSET's Day. A corruption of St. Oswald's Day, Aug. 5.-Baines, Hist. Lanc., v. IV, p. 550.

VOL. II.

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