with the flag of the Convention, the national flag of the belligerent to which they are attached. The provisions of the second paragraph of the preceding article are applicable to them.

ARTICLE 23

The emblem of the red cross on a white ground and the words Red Cross or Geneva Cross may only be used, whether in time of peace or war, to protect or designate sanitary formations and establishments, the personnel and matériel protected by the Convention.

CHAPTER VII.-Application and execution of the Convention

ARTICLE 24

The provisions of the present Convention are obligatory only on the contracting Powers, in case of war between two or more of them. The said provisions shall cease to be obligatory if one of the belligerent Powers should not be signatory to the Convention.

ARTICLE 25

It shall be the duty of the commanders in chief of the belligerent armies to provide for the details of execution of the foregoing articles, as well as for unforeseen cases, in accordance with the instructions of their respective Governments, and conformably to the general principles of this Convention.

ARTICLE 26

The signatory Governments shall take the necessary steps to acquaint their troops, and particularly the protected personnel, with the provisions of this Convention and to make them known to the people at large.

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CHAPTER VIII.-Repression of abuses and infractions

ARTICLE 27

The signatory Powers whose legislation may not now be adequate engage to take or recommend to their legislatures such measures as may be necessary to prevent the use. by private persons or by societies other than those upon. which this Convention confers the right thereto, of the emblem or name of the Red Cross or Geneva Cross, particularly for commercial purposes by means of trade-marks or commercial labels.

The prohibition of the use of the emblem or name in question shall take effect from the time set in each act of legislation, and at the latest five years after this Convention goes into effect. After such going into effect, it shall be unlawful to use a trade-mark or commercial label contrary to such prohibition.

ARTICLE 28

In the event of their military penal laws being insufficient, the signatory Governments also engage to take, or to recommend to their legislatures, the necessary measures to repress. in time of war. individual acts of robbery and ill-treatment of the sick and wounded of the armies. as well as to punish, as usurpations of military insignia, the wrongful use of the flag and brassard of

the Red Cross by military persons or private individuals not protected by the present Convention.

They will communicate to each other through the Swiss Federal Council the measures taken with a view to such repression, not later than five years from the ratification of the present Convention.

General provisions

ARTICLE 29

The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The ratifications will be deposited at Berne.

A record of the deposit of each act of ratification shall be prepared, of which a duly certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic channels, to each of the contracting Powers.

ARTICLE 30

The present convention shall become operative, as to each Power, six months after the date of deposit of its ratification.

ARTICLE 31

The present Convention, when duly ratified, shall supersede the Convention of August 22, 1864, in the relations between the contracting States.

The Convention of 1864 remains in force in the relations between the parties who signed it but who may not also ratify the present Convention.

The present Convention may, until December 31, proximo, be signed by the Powers represented at the conference which opened at Geneva on June 11, 1906, as well as by the Powers not represented at the conference who have signed the Convention of 1864.

Such of these Powers as shall not have signed the present convention on or before December 31. 1906, will remain at liberty to accede to it after that date. They shall signify their adherence in a written notification addressed to the Swiss Federal Council, and communicated to all the contracting Powers by the said Council.

Other Powers may request to adhere in the same manner, but their request shall only be effective if, within the period of one year from its notification to the Federal Council, such Council has not been advised of any opposition on the part of any of the contracting Powers.

ARTICLE 33

Each of the contracting parties shall have the right to denounce the present Convention. This denunciation shall only become operative one year after a notification in writing shall have been made to the Swiss Federal Council, which shall forthwith communicate such notification to all the other contracting parties. This denunciation shall only become operative in respect to the Power which has given it.

In faith whereof the plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention and affixed their seals thereto.

Done at Geneva, the sixth day of July, one thousand nine hundred and six, in a single copy, which shall remain in the archives of the Swiss Confederation and certified copies of which shall be delivered to the contracting parties through diplomatic channels.

For the United States of Brazil:

(L.S.) C. LEMGRUBER-KROPF.

Colonel ROBERTO TROMPOWSKI LEITÃO D'Almeida.

For Peru:

(L.S.) GUSTAVO DE LA FUENTE.

For Persia:

(L.S.) MOMTAZ-OS-SALTANEH M. SAMAD KHAN. Under reservation of

Final Protocol of the Conference for the Revision of the Geneva Convention

The Conference called by the Swiss Federal Council, with a view to revising the International Convention of August 22, 1864, for the amelioration of the condition of soldiers wounded in armies in the field, met at Geneva on June 11, 1906. The Powers hereinbelow enumerated took part in the Conference to which they had designated the delegates hereinbelow named:

Germany

His Excellency the Chamberlain and Actual Privy Councilor A. VON BÜLOW, Envoy Extraordinary at Berne,

General of Brigade Baron von MANTEUFFEL,