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CHAPTER XLVII.
Building of Confederate Privateers in England-Career of the Oreto-Negligence of the British Government in respect of such Vessels
-Building of the Alabama at Birkenhead-Immense Destruction of Federal Property at Sea-Correspondence on the Subject
between Mr. Adams and Earl Russell-Confederate Campaign in the West-Incursions of Irregular Troops into Kentucky and
Tennessee Operations of General Morgan-"Tapping the Telegraph "-Results of Morgan's Raid-Expedition of General
Forrest-Murder of General McCook-Sanguinary Retaliations-Development of a Ferocious Spirit on both Sides-Ineffectual
Attempt of the Confederates to take Baton Rouge-Blowing up of the Arkansas-Campaign in Eastern Kentucky-Federal
Defeat at Richmond-Further Successes of the Confederates-Advance of General Bragg-His Pursuit by Buell-The Federals
regain their Ground-Battle near Harrodsburg-Bragg retreats into Tennessee-Fighting in Mississippi-Desperate Endeavour
to take Corinth-The Western Campaign unattended by any important Results
CHAPTER XLVIII.
Affairs on the Potomac after the Retirement of the Confederates from Maryland-Hesitation of the Federal Government-McClellan's
renewed Operations in Virginia-Positions of the Opposing Armies in the early part of November, 1862-McClellan superseded
by General Burnside-Motives of the President in making the Change-Complaints by McClellan as to the Insufficient Equip
ment of his Forces-His Popularity with the Troops-Succession of Burnside to the Command-New Plan of the Campaign-
The Federal Projects disconcerted by the greater Quickness of General Lee-The Hostile Armies facing each other on the
Rappahannock-Delay in the Arrival of Burnside's Pontoons-Strength of the Confederate Position-Crossing of the River by
the Federals-The Battle of Fredericksburg-Desperate Struggle, and Ineffectual Attempt to expel the Confederates-Burnside
obliged to withdraw-Heavy Losses of the Federals-Insubordination of the Army-Operations in Arkansas-Proceedings of
Admiral Farragut in the Gulf of Mexico-General Forster's Movements in North Carolina-Jefferson Davis in Mississippi-
His Address to the State Legislatore-Strange Historical Blunders-Coufederate Efforts in the West-Dangerous Position
of General Rosecrans-The Battle of Murfreesborough-Renewal of the Fighting on a Subsequent Day-Retreat of the
Confederates to the Duck River-Irruptions of Generals Forrest and Morgan-Federal Defeat at Holy Springs, Mississippi-
Sherman's Expedition against Vicksburg-Ineffectual Attempt to take the City-Capture of Galveston by the Confederates
CHAPTER XLIX.
Renewed Operations on the Rappahannock-Removal of General Burnside-Insubordination of the Assistant Generals-Inquiry by a
Committee of Congress-Antagonism of Burnside and Hooker-President Lincoln's Proclamation for the Emancipation of
Negroes in the Rebel States (Jan. 1st, 1863) Effect of the Measure in the South-Message of Mr. Jefferson Davis to the
Southern Congress-His References to Mr. Lincoln's Proclamation-Unlucky Prophecies of the Southern President-The
Northern Blockade-Prospects of the Confederacy-Severe Pressure of the War-Renewed Attempt by France to bring about
Negotiations with a View to Peace-Enormous Increase in the Publia Debt of the United States-Enlistment of Black Soldiers
-Naval Operations on the Coasts-Action between the Montauk and the Nashville-Attack on Fort McAllister, Georgia-Un-
successful Attempt to bombard Charleston from the Sea-Injury to the Federal Fleet-Destruction of Jacksonville, Florida,
by the Federals-Surrender of Arkansas Port by the Confederates-Daring Exploits of the Federal Gunboats in the Inland
Waters of the Mississippi States-Admiral Farragut gets past the Batteries at Port Hudson-Approaching Investment of
Vicksburg
PAGE
428
436
448
CHAPTER L.
Winter on the Rappahannock-Incursions of Cavalry-Conscription Act of the Federal Congress-State of the Opposing Armies-
Federal Legislation arising out of the Rebellion-Mr. Jefferson Davis's Order for a Day of Fasting, Humiliation, and Prayer
-His Advice on the existing Condition of the Confederacy-Preparations by the Federals for a Renewed March on Richmond
-Movement across the Rappahannock and Rapidan-Measures taken by General Lee to Resist the Federal Advance-Pre-
liminary Skirmishing-Hooker entrenched in the Woods near Chancellorsville-Nature of the Country-Flank March of General
Jackson round the Right Rear of the Federals-The Union Troops surprised-Panic and Flight-Death of General Jackson-
His Career and Character-The Battle of Chancellorsville-Proceedings of General Sedgwick at Marye's Heights-His Partial
Success and Dilatory Movements-Rally of the Confederates, and Rout of Sedgwick's Troops, who are driven across the Rappa-
hannock-Hooker in Danger of being overwhelmed by the Confederates under Lee-His Retreat beyond the Line of the Rivers
-Issue of a boastful Address to the Army-The Northern Population discontented with Hooker-Cavalry Expedition under
General Stoneman-Heavy Losses during the Week of Fighting-Measures taken by the North and South for Recruiting their
Armies-Approaching Exhaustion of the Confederacy
460
CHAPTER LI.
General Grant before Vicksburg-Advance of Banks from New Orleans-Attempts of Admiral Porter to pass the Vicksburg Batteries
-The Feat accomplished on the Night of April 16th-Injury to the Federal Transports-Movements of General Grant-His
Vigilance and Activity-Preparations for attacking Grand Gulf, to the South of Vicksburg-Action in the Vicinity of Grand
Gulf-The Federals cross the Mississippi-Battle of Port Gibson-Defeat of the Confederates, and Evacuation of Grand Gulf-
Demonstration of Sherman against Haines's Bluff-Advance on Vicksburg-Colonel Grierson's Cavalry Expedition in the Rear of
Vicksburg-Battle of Raymond-Jackson taken by the Federals and destroyed-Action at Champion's Hill-The Confederates
again defeated-Fighting on the Big Black River-Further Advance of the Federals-Vicksburg invested-Operations of
Admiral Porter in Conjunction with the Troops-Johnston unable to succour the threatened Fortress-Assaults on Vicksburg
-Progress of the Siege-Ineffectual Movements of Johnston-Springing of Mines-Approach of Famine in the Town-Nego-
tiations for a Surrender-Capitulation of Vicksburg-Results of the Federal Success-Military Events in the Trans-Mississippi
Department-Siege of Fort Hudson-Negro Soldiers-Surrender of the Position-The Mississippi River in Federal Possession
CHAPTER LII.
The Prospects of the Union brightening-Feeling in England-Mr. Carlyle on "Peter" and "Paul"-The Case of Mr. Vallandigham
-General Burnside's Summary Proceedings for repressing Sedition-His Arrest of Mr. Vallandigham justified by Judge Leavitt
-Proceedings of the President in the Matter-The Principles involved-Renewed Operations in Virginia-Plans of General Lee
for invading Maryland and Pennsylvania-Movement of the Confederates from the Line of the Rappahannock-General Milroy
surrounded at Winchester-Federal Defeat-The Confederates followed by General Hooker-Proclamation of President
Lincoln, calling for more Men-Hooker succeeded in the Command by General Meade--The Southern Troops across the Potomac
-Conduct of the Confederates towards the People of the Invaded Districts-The Potomac crossed by Meade-The Hostile
Armies both approaching Gettysburg-Exposed Position of Richmond-Action before Gettysburg on the 1st of July-Rout of
the Federals-The Action resumed on July 2nd-Strength of the Federal Position-The Confederates driven back-Desperate
Fighting on the 3rd-Defeat of the Confederates-General Lee retires from the Neighbourhood of Gettysburg-Pursuit by the
Federals-Crossing of the Potomac by Lee-Further Pursuit-Close of the Campaign in Maryland and Pennsylvania
CHAPTER LIII.
The Conscription Act-Riots in New York-Collisions with the Military-Enforcement of the Draft, and Measures of the Govern-
ment-Riots in Boston and other Places-Results of the Conscription-Renewed Attack on Charleston-The Federals establish
themselves on Morris I-land-Unsuccessful Attack on Fort Wagner-Subsequent Bombardment of the Fort-Second Assault,
on the Evening of July 18th-Another Repulse-Opening of Parallels-Fort Sumter reduced to Ruins-Bombardment of the
City of Charleston-Progress of the Siege of Fort Wagner-Evacuation by the Confederates of Forts Wagner and Gregg-
Refusal to surender Fort Sumter-Campaign of General Taylor (Confederate) in the Country to the West of New Orleans-
Confederate Discomfitures on the Right Bank of the Mississippi-Capture of the City of Jackson by General Sherman-Fall of
Yazoo City-Campaign of the Guerilla Chief, Morgan, in Kentucky-Advance into Indiana and Ohio-Capture of Morgan, and
his subsequent Escape from Prison-President Lincoln on the Progress of the War-Withdrawal of the Confederate Envoy
from England
471
484
495
Affairs in Tennessee-Inactivity of Rosecrans-Remonstrances of the Federal Government-Advance of Rosecrans towards the Tennes-
see River-Retreat of General Bragg to Chattanooga-Movement of General Burnside into Eastern Tennessee-Surrender of Cum-
berland Gap to the Federals-Enthusiastic Reception of Burnside-Reinforcements sent to Bragg-Evacuation of Chattanooga
by the Confederates-Continued Advance of Ro-ecrans-Unsuccessful Attempt to surprise his Columns in Detail-The Battle
of Chickamauga-Fighting on the 19th of September-Indecisive Results-Renewed Action on the 20th-Retreat of the
Federals within the Lines of Chattanooga-Appointment of General Grant to the Command of the West-Despatch of Large
Federal Reinforcements to the Banks of the Tennessee River-The Army of Rosecrans beleaguered-Arrival of Hooker's Corps
-The Confederates compelled to relinquish a Part of their Position-Despatch of Longstreet against Burnside in Eastern Ten-
nessee-Arrival of Generals Grant and Sherman at Chattanooga-Plan of concerted Operations-Weakness of the Confederate
Position-The Battle of November 25th-Defeat of the Confederates, who retire to the Inner Parts of Georgia-Burnside
besieged by Longstreet at Knoxville-Attempt to starve out the Garrison-The Town relieved by Sherman-Retreat of Long-
street to the Borders of Virginia-Qualities of Sherman and his Army-Operations of Longstreet in December, 1863-Military
Position in the South-west at the Close of the Year
505
CHAPTER LV.
Renewed Operations in Virginia-Crossing of the Rapidan northward by General Lee-Strong Position of the Federals on Bull Run-
The Confederates retire-Operations of General Imboden (Confederate) West of the Blue Ridge Mountains-Advance of
General Meade towards the Rappahannock-Defeat of the Confederates, who retire southward across the Rapidan-Operations
by Meade in the Wilderness-Unsuccessful Movement against the Confederates-Retreat of the Federals-Incursions of
General Averill into Western Virginia-Winter Campaigns-Actions in the West-Close of the Year 1863-Mr. Lincoln's
Message to Congress-State of the Slavery Question-The President's Amnesty Proclamation-Message of Mr. Jefferson Davis
-Complaints of Violations of Neutrality on the Part of England-Allusions by Mr. Davis to the French Intervention in
Mexico General Halleck's Declaration as to the future Conduct of the War-Mutual Complaints of Ill-treatment of Prisoners
-Gigautic Preparations by the North for the Campaigns of 1861-Incursions of General Sherman into Mississippi-Wanton
Destruction of Private Property-Defeat of General W. S. Smith (Federal) by General Forrest (Confederate)-Sherman retires
to Vicksburg-Capture of Fort Pillow by the Confederates-Treacherous Slaughter of the Garrison-Expedition of General
Banks into the Interior of Louisiana-His Advance to Mausfield-Vigorous Opposition of the Confederates-Defeat of Banks,
and Disorganisation of his Army-Renewed Fighting at Pleasant Hill-Retrograde Movement of the Federals-Perilous Posi-
tion of Admiral Porter's Fleet in the Red River-Desperate Fighting on the Sabine River-Operations in Florida and North
Carolina-A Fresh Draft ordered-Grant appointed to the Command of all the Armies of the United States-Attempts on
Richmond
515
CHAPTER LVI.
The Federal Armies on the 1st of May, 1864-Objects which General Grant proposed to accomplish-Plans for the Future Campaigns
-Armies of the Confederate States-Crossing of the Rapidan by the Federal Army of the Potomac-Fighting on the 5th of
May-Renewal of the Battle on the 6th-Indecisive Results-Grant shifts his Position towards Fredericksburg-A Series of
Desperate Actions-Operations of the Federal Cavalry under General Sheridan-Death of General Stuart (Confederate)-
Career of Sheridan-Movement of General Butler to the South of Richmond-Arrangements for the Defence of that City-
Beauregard's Scheme for defeating Butler and Grant-The Project over-ruled by Mr. Davis-Butler compelled to retire behind
his Entrenchments-Operations by Sigel in the Shenandoah Valley-His defeat by Breckinridge-New Positions of Grant on
the North Anna River, and subsequently on the Chickahominy-Further Engagements, with Terrible Slaughter-Plan for
combined Operations against Richmond-Advance of General Hunter on Lynchburg-His Defeat by the Confederates-Repulse
of Sheridan by Wade Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee-Grant's Flank March-Federal Attack on Petersburg-Bermuda Hundred
abandoned by the Confederates-Severe Fighting at Petersburg, and Failure of the Federal Attempts to take that City-
Collateral Operations-Depression of the Federal Troops-Springing of a Mine before Petersburg-The Assault repulsed-
Unsuccessful Character of the Campaign
527
CHAPTER LVII.
Exposed Condition of the Shenandoah Valley-Invasion of Maryland by the Confederates under Early-Devastation committed by
then-Temporary Success of the Incursion-Approach to Washington-Attack on Fort Stevens-Arrival of Federal Re-
inforcements, and Retreat of the Confederates-General Early at Winchester, Virginia-Renewed Invasion of the Northern
States-Burning of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania-The Confederates again retire to the Southern side of the Potomac-Sheridan
appointed to the Command in the Vicinity of Washington-His Attack on Early, and Defeat of that General-Flight of the
Confederates to Brown's Gap-The Valley of the shenandoah laid waste by Sheridan-Sufferings of the People-Federal
Victory at Cedar Creek-Retreat of General Early-Failure of the Confederate Attempt-Progress of the Federals before
Petersburg-Exhaustion of the Confederate Armies-Grant's Operations against the Flanks of Lee's Army-Various unsuccess-
ful Attempts-Action at Chaffin's Bluff-Extension of Grant's Lines-Movements of General Meade-Addition of 500,000 Men
to the Federal Armies-Relative Position of the Two Combatants-Naval Expedition against the Harbour of Mobile, Alabama
-Action with Gunboats-Defeat of the Confederates, and Surrender of Three Forts-Enforcement of the Blockade-The
Confederate Privateers-Depot at Wilmington for Blockade-runners-Confederate Incursion into Missouri-Operations of
General Price-Total Discomfiture of the Southerners-Decline of the Confederate Cause in the Trans-Mississippi Provinces
CHAPTER LVIII.
Sherman placed at the Head of Three Armies, for Operations in the South-Preparations for the Campaign-Importance of Atlanta
to the Confederacy-Plans of General Johnston for resisting the Federal Advance-Federal and Confederate Positions at the
Beginning of May-Advance of Sherman's Army on Resaca-Retreat of the Confederates-Skilful Manoeuvring of Sherman-
Johnston retires to the Southern Side of the Etowah-Continued Advance of the Federals-Sherman's Position dangerous
-Crossing of the Etowah by the Northern Troops-Severe Fighting among the Mountains-Death of General Polk-Attack by
Sherman on the Confederate Position-Defeat of the Federals-Evacuation of Marietta by Johnston-The Confederates
entrenched on the further Side of the Chattahoochee-Movements of Sherman-Withdrawal of Johnston within the Defences
round Atlanta-Crossing of the Chattahoochee by Sherman-Johnston superseded by Hood-Fighting before Atlanta-Death
of General McPherson-Cavalry Expeditions of Gnerals Stoneman and McCook-Battle of the 28th of July--Expedition of
General Wheeler-Sherman's Operations against the Railways-Generals Hardee and Lee at Jonesborough-The Confederate
Army divided-Retreat of Hardee to Lovejoy s Station-Abandonment of Atlanta by General Hood-The Town occupied by the
Federals-Rejoicings at the North-Measures taken by Sherman for Consolidating his Conquests-The Price of Victory and of
Defeat
CHAPTER LIX.
Jefferson Davis in Georgia-Hood's Scheme for a Fresh Campaign-The Confederate Army weakened by the withdrawal of the
Georgian Militia-Incursion of Forrest-Forward Movement of General Hood-Sherman marches to Kenesaw Mountain-
Attack on the Federal Post at Allatoona Pass-Defeat of the Confederates-Advance of Hood towards R saca-Capture of
Dalton-Pursuit of Hood by Sherman-Retreat of the Former into Alabama-General Beauregard appointed to the Command
of the Confederate Military Division of the West-Hood on the Tennessee River-Sherman's Projects for the Future Conduct
of the Campaign-Preparations for his Great March through Georgia-Devastation of the Country about the Chattahoochee--
Burning of Atlanta-Designs of Beaur gard and Hood-Exhausted State of the Confederacy-Order and Manner of Sherman's
March-Living on the Country-Wanton Outrages of the Invading Troops-Ineffectual Opposition by the Georgians-Federal
Occupation of Milledgeville-Operations of the Cavalry under General Kilpatrick-Steady Advance of the Federals-Crossing
of the Oconee and Ogeechee-Approach towards the Sea-Sufferings of Negro Camp-followers--The Army before Savannah-
Communication with the Fleet under Admiral Dahlgren-Capture of Fort McAllister Savannah abandoned by the Confederates
-Results of the Campaign-Hood's Invasion of Tennessee Retreat of the Federals towards Nashville-Attack on Franklin-
Nashville threatened with Capture-Severe Actions on the 15th and 16th of December-The Confederates driven from Tennessee
-Operations in other Parts of the West
539
550
560
CHAPTER LX.
Informal Negotiations for Peace-Interview of Messrs Jacques and Gilmore with Jefferson Davis-Confederate Agents in Canada-
Mr. Lincoln's Letter "to whom it may concern"-Failure of the Attempts to Negotiate-The Presidential Election of 1864—
Republican Conventions held at Cleveland and Baltimore-Declaration of Principles-War Democrats and Peace Democrats
-General McClellan the Democratic Candidate-Political Excitement and Party Manoeuvres-Re-election of Mr. Lincoln-
Message of Mr. Jefferson Davis to the Confederate Congress (Nov. 7th)-Employment of Negroes at the South-Proposals for
a Dictatorship-Confederate Incursion from Canada into Vermont-Subscription in England for the Relief of Confederate
Prisoners-Intemperate Letter of Mr. Seward-Mr. Lincoln's Message to Congress (Dec. 6th)-Destruction of the Confederate
Iron-clad Albemarle-The Alabama, Georgia, and Florida lost to the Confederacy-Unsuccessful Expedition against Fort Fisher,
North Carolina-Subsequent Reduction of the Fort-Renewal of Peace Negotiations, without Result-General Lee's Call for
Arms-The Approaching Collapse
569
CHAPTER LXI.
Preparations by Sherman for marching North from Savannah-Beauregard and the Forces at his Disposal-South Carolina entered
by Sherman-Retreat of the Confederates-Burning of Columbia-Evacuation and Destruction of Charleston by the Confede-
rates-Abandonment of Wilmington-Sherman advancing towards the Atlantic-Collision between the Cavalry of Kilpatrick
and Wade Hampton-Fayetteville occupied by the Federals-Actions with the Confederates in Front of Bentonville-Johnston
driven towards Smithfield-Entry of the Federals into Goldsborough, North Carolina-Inauguration of Mr. Lincoln for his
Second Term of Presidency-His Remarks on the Slavery Question-Act of Congress abolishing Negro Bondage-Arming of
Slaves at the South-Mr. Jefferson Davis on the Situation-Operations before Petersburg and in the Shenandoah Valley-
Confederate Attack on Fort Stedman, Petersburg-The Federal Generals determine on a plan of combined Action-Renewal of
Operations on the 29th of March-Fighting on the 31st-The Battle of Five Forks-Federal Attack on Petersburg-Forcing of
the Confederate Lines-Death of General A. P. Hill-Evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond-Flight of Mr. Jefferson Davis
and the Members of his Cabinet-Pursuit of General Lee's Army-Terrible Sufferings of the Southern Troops-Negotiations
for a Surrender-The Fugitives defeated by Sheridan-Interview between Lee and Grant-Terms of Surrender settled-
Lee's Farewell Address to his Troops-Results of the Federal Success-Affection of Lee's Soldiers towards their vanquished
General
CHAPTER LXII.
A Memorable Month-Last Cabinet Council of Mr. Lincoln-His Strange Dream-Visit of the President to the Washington Theatre
on the 14th of April-His Assassination by Wilkes Booth, and Death on the 15th-Murderous Attack on Mr. Seward, the
Secretary of State-Measures taken by General Graut for the Protection of the Seat of Government-Pursuit of Booth, who is
Shot in Attempting to Escape-Statement by him of his Motives-Sympathy in England with the People of the United States
on the Murder of the President-Expression of Opinion by the Green and the two Houses of Parliament-Antecedents of Mr.
Andrew Johnson, the President by Succession-His Opinions on the Punishment due to Rebels-Proclamation offering Rewards
for the Arrest of Mr. Jefferson Davis and Others-General Sherman at Goldsborough-Federal Successes in the West-Bom-
bastic Proclamation of Mr. Davis-Advance of Sherman against Johnston-Retreat of the Confederate General-Proposals for a
Surrender-Basis of Agreement signed by Sherman and Johnston-The Terms Repudiated by the Washington Cabinet--
Sherman's Error-Surrender of Johnston's Army on the same Conditions as Lee's-Johnston's Farewell to his Troops-His
Vindication of the Course he had followed-Surrender of other Confederate Forces-The Shenandoah delivered up at Liverpool
-Capture of Mr. Jefferson Davis, and his Subsequent Treatment by the Federal Government-Execution of Persons Concerned
in Recent Events-Recognition by England and France of the Cessation of the Confederacy-Reduction of the Army and Navy
-State of the Country-President Johnson's Message to Congress (December 4th, 1865)-The Policy of the Future
579
591
CHAPTER LXIII.
The Difficulties of Peace-Dissensions between the President and Congress-The Rebellious States excluded from the Federal
Legislature-Position of the Negroes-Abolition of the Three-fifths Vote-Futile Opposition of the President-Various Bills
vetoed by Mr. Johnson, and re-passed over his Veto-Motion to Impeach the President, and its Failure-Reconstruction Bill
for the South-Establishment of Military Districts-Results of the Negro Vote-President Johnson and Mr. Stanton-The
State Elections of 1867-Accession of Territory to the United States-Fall of the Mexican Empire-Difficulties at the War
Office-Impeachment of the President, and his Acquittal on the several Charges-Continued Opposition of Congress to the
Presidential Policy-Progress of Pacification-The Naturalisation Bill of 1868-The Presidential Election-General Grant
chosen for the chief Office-Anarchical state of the Sonth at the Close of 1868-The "Ku-Klux-Klan "-Last Presidential
Message of Mr. Johnson-Proposal for a Partial Repudiation of the Federal Debt-The Idea discountenanced by Congress
---Passing of a Constitutional Amendment regarding the Right of Suffrage
CHAPTER LXIV.
Inauguration of General Grant as President (March 4th, 1869)-Negotiations between Great Britain and the United States with
respect to the Alabama Depredations-Failure of the Reverdy Johnson Convention-Arbitration at Geneva in 1872, and Settle-
ment of the Claims-Insurrection in Cuba-Conduct of the American Government towards that of Spain-Affair of the Virginius
-Completion of the Reconstruction of the Union-The Chinese in America-Collision with the Coreans-President Grant's
Projects with respect to the Indians-Position of the Red Mer in the United States-Allotment of Lands-Indian Troubles--
Insurrection of Modoos in 1873-Fighting with the Sioux in 1876-Dissensions at the South-Armed Conflict in Louisiana-
Governor Kellogg and the President-Ill-usage of the Negroes-Massacre of Negro Militiamen in South Carolina-Burning of
Chicago-Latest Fortunes of Mormonism-Financial Condition of the United States in 1874 and following years-General Graut
on Specie Payments-" Soft Money" and "Hard Money" Controversy-The Presidential Election of 1876-Disputed Return-
Decision in Favour of Mr. Hayes-Inaugural Address of the New President (March 5th, 1877)-The Future of America-
Conclusion
603
611