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both branches of Congress, should pass under Democratic control. The little longer continuation" of the "favor" of the 15 per cent reduction plainly refers to that period, should it ever, unfortunately for our manufacturing industries and the people who get their daily bread by them, arrive.

Another vote showing the English freetrade views of Democracy.

Another very instructive vote was that which was cast in the House Dec. 1, 1877, than which nothing could more forcibly prove the real antagonism of the Democratic leaders to the artisan, the mechanic, and the laborer, and their dislike of that system of protection which the Republican party has always afforded to the American workingman, by protecting the manufacturing interests which employ him, against the foreign manufacturer. At that date, upon a resolution offered by Mr. Mills (a Democrat), instructing the Committee on Ways and Means "to so revise the tariff as to make it purely and solely a tariff for revenue" and not for protection, the vote stood: yeas, 67; nays, 76. Of the 67 yeas, 60 were Democratic and only 7 Republican. Of the 76 nays, 54 were Republican and only 12 Democratic.

Following are the names of the Democrats who voted for this anti-protective resolution: Messrs. H. P. Bell, Bicknell, Blackburn, Bland, Boone, Bragg, Buckner, J. W. Caldwell, W. P. Cald. well, J. B. Clark, jun., Cobb, Cravens, Culberson, Dibrell, Dickey, Douglas, Durham, Eden, Elam, Felton, Forney, Franklin, Fuller, Garth, Gause, Giddings, Glover, Goode, A. H. Hamilton, Hartzell, Hatcher, House, J. T. Jones, Kenna, Knott, Ligon,

Luttrell, Martin, McKenzie, Mills, Morrison, Pridemore, Reagan, Riddle, Robertson, Sayler, Scales, Singleton, Slemons, W. E. Smith, Springer, Steele, Throckmorton, R. W. Townshend, Turner, R. B. Vance, Waddell, Whitthorne, J. N. Williams, A. S. Willis.

PART XIII.

Hurd's Resolutions (1880) to Restore the Ruinous Free-Trade Tariff of 1846.

large wages at first paid workingmen, if saved up at all, are consumed in waiting for a business revival, the same consequences. which, if it does come, will inevitably be attended by

"Third. A protective tariff does not increase the wages of workingmen, as demonstrated by the followtrade has been adopted the wages of laborers have ing facts: First, in England since the policy of free been higher than when the system of protection prevailed; second, in Germany, where there is a protective tariff, the wages are lower than in countries without tariff, or with a tariff for revenue only; and, third, the average wages of the American laborer since the adoption of the present tariff have for the ten years last past been less (allowing for the difference in the cur rency) than under a revenue tariff for the ten years preceding eighteen hundred and sixty. "Fourth. A protective tariff builds up one citizen at the expense of another, for every dollar of additional price the protection enables the manufacturer to charge must be paid by another citizen. Such a discrimina tion against one and in favor of another a government ought not to make. A protective tariff which protects unequally works injustice. A protective tariff which protects all equally is superfluous, for if all are equally protected they are in precisely the same situation as though they had received no protection at all. "Fifth. A protective tariff disturbs the operation of the primal law of trade which governs all exchanges by the supply and demand of the articles to be exchanged, and openly and shamelessly violates the principle that every man has a right, subject only to governmental necessities, to buy where he can buy the cheapest, and sell where he can get the best price.

"Sixth. The present protective tariff has driven the American carrying trade from the high seas, by. enhancing the price of the materials which enter into

the construction of vessels, so that American shipbuilders cannot compete with foreigners engaged in the same business.

"Seventh. A protective tariff increases the possi bilities of the crime of smuggling, which, with our extensive water frontier and weak Navy, it is impossible to prevent, and by the commission of which diehonest men are made rich by violating the law, and honest men are made poor by obeying it.

"Eighth. A protective tariff shuts out the American manufacturer from the markets of the world. Mexico and South America are supplied with their manufactured goods by England. Our best interests demand that the protective barrier our legislation has erected shall be broken down, that American skill and enterprise may have an opportunity to compete with foreign manufactures everywhere. Our manufactures need more an increase of market, by which foreign capital can be brought into this country, than protective legislation, which takes money from one American pocket to put it into another.

"Ninth. To the end that the present tariff shall become one for revenue only, the following changes should be made: First, on all dutiable articles produDec. 6, 1880, in the House of Representa-cing little or no revenue to the government, the duty tives, Mr. Hurd, of Ohio, from the Committee on Ways and Means, introduced the following joint resolution:

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That any tariff levied by the Congress should be regulated by the following principles:

"First. A tariff is a tax upon imported goods, which is ultimately paid by the consumer, as the importer always adds to the selling price the amount of duty paid; being a tax paid by the citizen, it ought, there. fore, not to be imposed except to provide revenue for the Government, and only that tariff ought to be levied which will with the least burden to the people provide

the necessary revenue.

"Second. A tariff for protection, so called, does not in most cases protect the interest it pretends to foster; while at first it may bring large profits to those engaged In the manufacturing which is assumed to be protected, it soon, by these very profits, invites many persons into the business, from which result over-production, overstocking of the market, low prices, reduction of the hours of labor, shutting down, at least temporarily, of the workshops, embarrassment to the proprietor, and, in many instances, final bankruptcy, in which the

should be returned to a revenue basis, or they should be placed upon the free list; second, the duty upon

tea and coffee should be restored, and to the extent that this duty produces revenue to the Government the duty should be removed from salt and clothing, and other articles indispensably necessary in domestic life."

This resolution, in its language and propositions, was manifestly intended as a stump speech in favor of the ruinous free-trade tariff of 1846. But Mr. Hurd misstates the facts. His fundamental proposition is grossly false. The duty upon the imported article is not a tax upon the consumer. As a rule, the duty is not added to the cost of manufacture, but by practically excluding the foreign article, and stimulating home competition, which is one of the effects of protection, the cost to the consumer of the domestic article has been greatly reduced. Again and again has that fact been demonstrated in the

"An Act to provide for the appointment of a commis-
sion to investigate the question of the tariff.
"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre
sentatives of the United States of America in Congress
be called the Tariff Commission,' to consist of nine
assembled, That a commission is hereby created to
members.

Indeed, Mr. Hurd's series of propositions | year by the Republican House and approved is simply a revamping of the old and ex- by the President. ploded pro-slavery free-trade theories of the notorious Colleton Address. They consequently embrace nothing new. They simply restate a few of the many wretched fallacies in which the pro-slavery free-traders, those old seditious and traitorous enemies of labor and the nation, delighted in discussing the tariff-like the one invented by the famous Hayne, that "a tariff on imports was a tax on exports," etc. They have no foundation upon which they can be maintained, but are opposed by our own experience and that of all nations-by the stern logic of facts which proclaim that their adoption everywhere has been uniformly attended by ruin alike of people and nation.

We will give a few illustrations from the speech of Mr. Duell of New York, in the House, of April 13, 1872. Mr. Duell says,

"Before the manufacture of window-glass was protected, it cost the consumer $12 a box. A heavy duty was laid upon it by the tariff of 1842 (which, according to the free-trade theory, ought largely to have increased its price), when, behold, the price fell to $3. Whose theory did this establish? According to the theory of free-trade here was a result perfectly mysterious and unaccountable. On the principles of protection the thing was perfectly plain. As soon as the duty imposed secured a market to the American manufacturers of glass, they went to work with all their force, each seeking his own profit, and all free to make and sell it as they could, when the astonishing power of competition soon effected the great reduction in price.

"In 1844 the duty on English common bar-iron was $25 per ton or 68 per cent, and its price was then $61.83 per ton. The price less the duty would leave $36.63 as the cost of producing a ton of iron. In 1846 the duty was lowered to 30 per cent, and in 1857 to 24 per cent. According to the free-trade theory the result of this reduction of the tariff should have been to reduce the price of iron just to the extent of the decrease in duty. But the fact is quite different, as the following comparison will prove: in 1844, as we have seen, the duty on English bar-iron was $25 a ton, and the prime cost was $36.83. In 1846 the duty was reduced to 30 per cent, or more than one half, which was equal to a duty of $10.42 per ton, instead of $25. The price of iron ought therefore to have gone down to $26.41, or to $36.83 less the $10.42 duty, if the free-traders are right in their theories. But instead of this the cost of production actually increased to $54.80 per ton, an advance of $17.97 per ton."

And so on in many other illustrations of these facts. (See Mr. Duell's speech in Cong. Record, etc.)

Like the Wood Free-Trade Tariff Bill of 1878, this Hurd joint resolution was introduced to strike down the industries of the Nation, and to impoverish all ranks and classes of our loyal people-all to open a market to the British trader. The resolutions however came to naught.

PART XIV.

"SEC. 2. That the President of the United States shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Benwhom, the first named, shall be the president of the ate, appoint nine commissioners from civil life, one of commission. The commissioners shall receive as compensation for their services each at the rate of ten dollars per day when engaged in active duty, and actual mission shall have power to employ a stenographer travelling and other necessary expenses. The comand a messenger; and the foregoing compensation and expenses to be audited and paid by the Secretary of the Treasury out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

"SEC. 3. That it shall be the duty of said commission to take into consideration and to thoroughly investigate all the various questions relating to the mining, and industrial interests of the United States, agricultural, commercial, mercantile, manufacturing, so far as the same may be necessary to the establishtariff, upon a scale of justice to all interests; and for ment of a judicious tariff, or a revision of the existing the purpose of fully examining the matters which may come before it, said commission, in the prosecution of its inquiries, is empowered to visit such different portions and sections of the country as it may deem advis. able.

"SEC. 4. That the commission shall make to Conthe testimony taken in the course of the same, not gress final report of the results of its investigation, and later than the first Monday of December, eighteen hundred and eighty-two; and it shall cause the testi. mony taken to be printed from time to time and distributed to members of Congress by the Public Printer, and shall also cause to be printed for the use of Congress two thousand copies of its final report, together with the testimony."

The passage of this bill was resisted at every step by the Democracy, by multiplying amendments, by debate in which they denounced the principle and practice of protection, and by their votes at every stage of its progress.

The House passes the bill May 6, 1882-yeas

151, nays 83.

YEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Anderson, Atherton, Barbour, Barr, Bayne, Bingham, Bliss, Bowman, Brewer, Briggs, Browne, Brumm, Buck, J. C. Burrows, Jos. H. Burrows, Butterworth, Calkins, Camp, Campbell, Candler, Cannon, Carpenter, Chace, Chapman, Clardy, Crapo, Cullen, Curtin, Darrall, Dawes, Deering, DeMotte, Dezendorf, Dingley, Dwight, Ellis, Ermentrout, Errett, C. B. Farwell, Ford, George, Gibson, Godshalk, Grout, Guenther, Hall, Harmer, H. S. Henderson, Hepburn, G. W. Hewitt, Hill, Hiscock, Harris, Haseltine, Haskell, Hawk, Hazleton, Heilman, Hoblitzell, Hoge, Horr, Hubbell, Hubbs, Humphrey, Jacobs, P. Jones, Jorgensen, Joyce, Kasson, Kelly, Kenna, Ketcham, Klotz, Lacey, Lewis, Lord, Lynch, Marsh, McClure, McKinley, McLane, S. K. Miller, Moore, Morse, Morey, Mosgrove, Murch, Mutchler, Neal, Norcross, O'Neill, Pacheco, Page, Payson, Peele, Pierce, Pound, Prescott, Randall, Ranney, Ray, Reed, T. M. Rice, W. W. Rice, Rich, Ritchie, G. D. Robinson, J. S. Robinson, Ross, Ryan, Russell, Scoville, Scranton, Shallenberger, Shelley, Sherwin, Shultz, Skinner, A. Herr Smith, J. H. Smith, Speer, Spooner,

Republican Tariff-Commission Act of Steele, E. F. Stone, Strait, Talbott, Taylor, Thomas, 1882- Votes in both Houses

cratic Attempt to Substitute the FreeTrade Tariff of 1846.

Demo-W. G. Thompson, A. Townsend, Tyler, J. T. Upde. graff, Upson, Valentine, Van Horn, Van Vorhis, Wadsworth, Wait, Walker, Ward, Watson, Webber, J. D. White, C. G. Williams, Willitts, Wilson, G. D. Wise, M. R. Wise, W. Wood, T. L. Young — 151. NAYS-Messrs. Aiken, Atkin, Armfield, Beach, The following Act, known as the Tariff Belford, Belmont, Beltzhoover, Berry, Bland, Blount,

Clark, J. C. Clements, Cobb, Colerick, Cook, S. S. Cox, W. R. Cox, Cravens, Culberson, Cutts, Davidson, L. H. Davis, Deuster, Dibble, Dowd, Dunn, Donnell, Evins, S. S. Farwell, Finley, Forney, Garrison, Gunter, N. J. Hammond, Hardenbergh, Hatch, Herbert, Herndon, Abram S. Hewitt, House, J. K. Jones, King, Knott, Latham, Leedom, Le Fevre, Manning, Matson, McCoid, McKenzie, McMillin, Mills, Money, Morrison, Moulton, Muldrow, Oates, Orth, Phister, Reagan, Scales, Shackleford, Singleton, R. Otho, Springer, Stockslager, P. B. Thompson, jr., Tillman, R. W. Townsend, Tucker, Oscar Turner, T. Updegraff, Vance, R. Warner, Washburn, Wellborn, Whitthorne, T. Williams, Willis-83.

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Candler, Cannon, Carpenter, Clardy, Crapo, Cullen, Curtin, Cutts, Darrall, Dawes, Deering, DeMott, Dezendorf, Dingley, Dunnell, Dwight, Ellis, Ermentrout, Errett, C. B. Farwell, 8. S. Farwell, FORD, George, Gibson, Godshalk, Grout, Guenther, Hall, Hardenbergh, Harmer, H. S. Harris, I. S. HASELTINE, Haskell, Hawk, G. C. Hazelton, Heilman, Henderson, Hepburn, J. Hill, Hiscock, Hoge, Horr, Hubbell, Hubbs, Humphrey, Jacobs, P. Jones, Jorgenson, Joyce, Kasson, Kelley, Kenna, Ketcham, Klotz, Lacey, Lewis, Lindsey, Lord, Lynch, Marsh, McClure, McCoid, McKinley, S. H. Miller, Moore, Morey, Morse, MOSGROVE, Mutchler, Neal, Norcross, O'Neill, Orth, Pacheco, Page, Payeon, Peele, Pierce, Pound, Prescott, Randall, Ranney, Ray, Reed, J. M. RICE, Robinson, Ross, W. A. Russell, T. Ryan, Scoville, Scranton, Shallenberger, Shelley, Sherwin, Shultz, Skinner, A. H. Smith, J. H. Smith, Speer, Spooner, G. W. Steele, E. F. Stone, Strait, Taylor, Thomas, W. G. Thompson, A. Townsend, J. T. Updegraff T. Updegraff, Upson, Urner, Valentine, Van Aernam, Van Horn, Van Voorhis, Wadsworth, Wait, Walker, Ward, Washburn, Watson, Webber, C. G. Williams, Willits, Wilson, G. D. Wise, M. R. Wise, W. A. Wood, T. L. Young, -152.

The Senate passes the bill May 9, 1882-yeas W. W. Rice, Rich, Ritchie, G. D. Robinson, J. S.

35, nays 19.

YEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Allison, Anthony, Blair, Cameron of Wisconsin, Conger, Davis of West Virginia, Dawes, Frye, Gorman, Groome, Hale, Hampton, Hawley, Hill of Colorado, Hoar, Johnston, Jones of Nevada, Kellogg, Lapham, McDiil, McMillan, McPher Non, MAHONE, Miller of California, Miller of New York, Mitchell, Morrill, Platt, Rollins, Sawyer, Sewell, Sherman, Windom - 35.

NAYS-Messrs. Call, Cockrell, Coke, DAVIS of Illinois, Furley, George, Grover, Harris, Ingalls, Jackson, Jonas, Maxey, Morgan, Pugh, Slater, Vance, Van Wyck, Vest, Walker-19.

The attempt to substitute the Free-Trade

Tariff of 1846 for the Commission Bill.

On May 6, 1882, prior to the passage of the Tariff Commission Bill aforesaid, Mr. Mills, Democrat, from Texas, moved to recommit the bill to the Committee on Ways and Means, with instructions to report within thirty days a bill framed upon the following instructions, which embraced practically the provisions of the Free-Trade Tariff of 1846: "1. That no more money should be collected than is necessary for the wants of the Government economically administered.

2. That no duty be imposed on any article above the lowest rate that will yield the largest amount of

revenue.

3. That below such rate discrimination may be made descending in the scale of duties, or, for imperative reasons, the article may be placed on the list of those free from all duty.

4. That the maximum revenue duty should be imposed on luxuries.

PART XV.

Knit Goods-Duty on Woollen GoodsBill of 1882 "to Correct an Error" Opposed by the Democrats in both Houses.

On June 5, 1882, Mr. Kelley, of Pennsylvania, moved to suspend the rules and pass the following bill:

"A bill to correct an error in section 2504 of the Revised Statutes of the United States.

"Be it enacted, etc., That the paragraph beginning with the words clothing, ready made, and wearing apparel,' under Schedule M of Section 25 of the Re vised Statutes of the United States, be, and the same is hereby, amended by the insertion of the word 'wool' before the word 'silk' in two places where it was omitted in the revision of the said statutes; so that the same shall read as follows:

Clothing, ready made, and wearing apparel of every description, of whatever material composed, except wool, silk, and linen, made up or manufactured wholly or in part by the tailor, seamstress, or manufac5. That all specific duties should be abolished, and turer, not otherwise provided for, caps, gloves, leg. nd valorem duties substituted in their place, care begins, mitts, socks, stockings, wove shirts and drawers, ing taken to guard against fraudulent invoices and undervaluation, and to assess the duty upon the actual inarket value.

"6. That the duty should be so imposed as to operate as equally as possible throughout the Union, discriminating neither for nor against any class or section."

The Democrats vote for free trade and ruin. The motion was defeated by the following

vote:

YEAS. Messrs. Aiken, Armfield, Atkins, Beach, Belmont, Berry, Bland, Blount, Bragg, Buchanan, Buckner, Caldwell, Carlisle, Chapman, J. B. Clark, J. C. Clements, Cobb, Colerick, Cook, S. S. Cox, W. R. Cox, Covington, Cravens, Culberson, Davidson, L. II. Davis, Deuster, Dibble, Dowd, Dunn, Evins, Finley, Forney, Garrison, Gunter, N. J. Hammond, Hatch, Herbert, Herndon, Hoblitzell, House, J. K. Jones, Knott, Latham, Leedom, LeFevre, Manning, Matson, McKenzie, McKane, McMillin, Mills, Money, Morrison, Moulton, Muldrow, MURCH, Oates, Phister, Rrugan, Scales, Shackleford, O. R. Singleton, Stockslager, Talbott, Tillman, R. W. Townsend, Tucker, . Turner, Vance, R. Warner, Wellborn, Whitthorne, T. Williams, Willis, -75.

and all similar articles made on frames, of whatever material composed, except wool, silk, and linen, worn by men, women, or children, and not otherwise provided for, articles worn by men, women, or children, of whatever material composed, except wool, silk, and linen, made up, or made wholly or in part by hand, not otherwise provided for, 35 per cent ad valorem.'"

through its chairman, Mr. Kelley, in reThe Committee of Ways and Means, porting this bill to the House, used the following language:

"The purpose of the first section of this bill is to correct an error made in revising the statutes, which error is found in a paragraph near the bottom of page 474 of the Revised Statutes, edition of 1878. This paragraph is found in Schedule M, called sundries, of the tariff law. Schedule L provides for all duties on wool and woollen goods, and is a re-enactment and embodiment of the statute of March 2, 1867, which repealed all former duties on wools and woollen goods, and imposed pound duties on wools, and corresponding pound duties on woollen goods; the object being to set off one pound duty against the other, and, in addition, 35 per cent on the manufactured article. The revision on page 471 is the act of March 2, 1867, word for word, with imposed duties in lieu of all former duties on wools and woollen goods. This statute provides as follows:

NAYS. Messrs. W. Aldrich, Barbour, Barr, Bayne, Belford, Bingham, Bliss, Bowman, J. H. Brewer, Biggs, Browne, BRUMM, Buck, J. H. BURROWS, J. C. "Flannels, blankets, hats of wool, knit goods, bal

tures of every description composed wholly or in part of worsted, the hair of the alpaca, goat, or other like animals, except such as are composed in part of wool, not otherwise provided for, valued at not exceeding 40 cents per pound, 20 cents per pound; valued at above 40 cents per pound, and not exceeding 60 cents per pound, 30 cents per pound; valued at above 60 cents per pound, and not exceeding 80 cents per pound, 40 cents per pound; valued at above 80 cents per pound, 50 cents per pound; and, in addition thereto, upon all the above-named articles, 35 per cent ad valorem.'

"The duties above described were made to correspond with the value of the goods, and the higherpriced woollen goods were made to pay a duty of 50 cents per pound. These rates were collected prior to and since the revision of the statutes down to the decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Vietor and others against C. A. Arthur, collector of the port of New York, rendered about fifteen months ago. "The paragraph in which the error occurs is found in Schedule L of the tariff laws, and reads as follows: Clothing, ready made, and wearing apparel of every description, of whatever material composed, except wool, silk, and linen, made up or manufactured wholly or in part by the tailor, seamstress, or manu. facturer, not otherwise provided for, caps, gloves, leg. gins, mitts, socks, stockings, wove shirts and drawers, and all similar articles made on frames, of whatever material composed, except silk and linen, worn by men, women, or children, and not otherwise provided for, articles worn by men, women, or children, of whatever material composed, except silk and linen, made up or made wholly or in part by hand, not otherwise provided for, 35 per cent ad valorem.'

"It will be noticed that the word 'wool' is found in the first exception of the above paragraph, but is omitted from the other two exceptions included in the same paragraph, and it is plain that the three excep. tions were intended to exclude all articles of wearing apparel made of wool, silk, or linen from the rate of duty levied by the paragraph. The clause which causes the hardship on American manufactures of knit goods is found in the paragraph of Schedule M, above quoted, and reads as follows:

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Caps, gloves, leggins, mitts, socks, stockings, wove shirts and drawers, and all similar articles made on frames, of whatever material composed,' etc.

"There was no exception of wool, silk, or linen in the original paragraph, because the law had not yet been passed that excepted them; but by the act of June 30, 1864, a special provision was made for these articles on pages 208, 209, 210, volume 13, Statutes at Large. By the act of June 30, 1864, wool, silk, and linen goods were excepted, and this paragraph applied to cotton goods alone, and should have been placed in the revision in the cotton Schedule A. The revisers recognized the fact as to silk and linen, and began right with wool in the first exception, but neglected it in the second and third exceptions. The Act of March 2, 1867, page 561, volume 14, Statutes at Large, provides for all manufactures of woollen goods."

Democratic Resistance The Votes.

The motion failed by 135 yeas to 70 naystwo-thirds being required in the affirmative. Only 11 of the 135 yeas were Democratic votes. Every one of the 70 nays was Democratic.

On July 3, 1882, in a thinner House, the motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill was successful in spite of the long-protracted resistance of the Democrats, by 134 yeas to 48 nays, as follows:

Lewis, Lord, Lynch, Mason, McCook, McKinley, Me Lane, Miles, Moore, Morey. Mosgrove, Mutchler, Neal, O'Neill, Orth, Page, Parker, Paul, Peelie, Peirce, Pettibone, Phelps, Prescott, Ranney, Ray, Rice, John B.; Ritchie, Robeson, Robinson, George D.; Robinson, James S.; Robinson, Wm. E.; Ross, Russell, Ryan, Scranton, Shallenberger, Shelley, Shultz, Smith, A. Herr; Smith, D. C.; Smith, J. H.; Spaulding, Spooner, Steele, Stone, Talbott, Taylor, Thompson, Tillman, Townsend, Amos; Tyler, Updegraff, J. T.; Updegraff, T.; Uruer, Valentine, Van Horn, Wadsworth, Wait, Walker, West, White, Williams, Willis, Wilson, Wise, M. R.; Young-134. NAYS Messrs. Atkins, Berry, Blackburn, Blount, Buchanan, Buchner, Carlisle, Cassidy, Clements, Cobb, Colerick, Cook, Cox, Samuel S.; Cravens, Culberson, Davidson, Davis, Lowndes, H.; Dibrell, Dunnel, Forney, Gunter, Hewitt, G. W.; Holman, House, Jones, George W.; Jones, James K.; Knott, LeFevre, Manning, Martin, Matson, McMillin, Mills, Morrison, Oates. Phister, Reagan, Rosecrans, Springer, Stockslager, Strait, Thompson, P. B., Jr.; Townshend, R. W.; Tucker, Turner, Henry G.; Turner, Oscar; Warner, Wellborn, Willis - 48.

In the Senate also the bill had to run the gauntlet of Democratic opposition by attempted Democratic amendments. and votes. But on the 5th of August it also passed that body by 36 yeas to 15 nays, as follows:

YEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Allison, Anthony, Bay. ard, Blair, Brown, Cameron of Pennsylvania, Cam. eron of Wisconsin, Chilcott, Conger, DAVIS of Illinois, Davis of West Virginia, Dawes, Ferry, Gorman, Hale, Harrison, Hawley, Hoar, Ingalls, Jonas, Jones of Nevada, Logan, McDill, McMillan, MAHONE, Miller of California, Morrill, Pendleton, Platt, Rollins, Saunders, Sawyer, Sewell, Sherman, Windom -36.

NAYS Messrs. Butler, Call, Cockrell, Coke, Farley, George, Hampton, Harris, Maxey, Morgan, Pugh, Saulsbury, Vest, Walker, Williams-15.

PART XVI.

The Tariff Act of 1883-Votes Exhibiting Continued Democratic Hostility to Protection.

In 1883 the Republican House, and the barely Republican Senate, passed a tariff act founded mainly upon the recommendations of the Tariff Commission, but modified by the needs of industry as developed since the report of said commission. It is too lengthy to print herewith, but can be found in the statutes.

The Democrats fought the bill in every possible way, because it embodied the Repubat a reduction of some $40,000,000 in the lican American Protective feature. It aimed annual revenue derived from the customs duties and internal revenue taxes. This

conference between the disagreeing votes of the two houses to settle the disagreement, and report an agreement to both houses.

Tariff bill was made up in the Senate, in the shape of amendments to a House Internal Revenue bill, and upon reaching the House, the House disagreed to all the Senate amendYEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Anderson, Atherton, Barr, Bayne, Belford, Bingham, Bisbee, Bliss, Bowments in bulk, leaving it for a committee of man, J. H. Brewer, Briggs, Browne, Brumm, Buck, Burrows, Julius C.; Butterworth, Campbell, Cand' ler, Cannon, Carpenter, Caswell, Chace, Converse, Crapo, Curtin, Dawes, Deering, DeMotte, Dezendorf, Dingley, Dwight, Ermentrout, Errett, Farwell, Sewall S.; Fisher, Ford, Frost, Fulkerson, Geddes, George, Gibson, Hall, Hammond J.; Harmer, Harris, Benjamin W., Harris, Henry S.; Haskell, Hazelton, Henderson, Hepburn, Hill, Hiscock, Hoblitzell, Horr, Hubbell, Hubbs, Humphrey, Jacobs, Jorgensen,

The conference committee on the part of the House comprised Messrs. Kelley of Pennsylvania, McKinley of Ohio, Haskell of Kansas, Carlisle of Kentucky, and Speer of Georgia - in place of Randall of Pennsyl

committee on the part of the Senate comprised Messrs. Morrill of Vermont, Sherman of Ohio, Aldrich of Rhode Island, McDill of Iowa, and Mahone of Virginia, others having declined.

Willis-116.

Turner, O. Turner, Upson, Urner, Vance, R. Warner, Wellborn, Wheeler, Whitthorne, T. Williams, A. S. PAIRS-Messrs. McClure, Rice of Massachusetts, and Thompson of Iowa, in the affirmative, were paired with Messrs. Hewitt of Alabama, Reagan, and Clardy

The report of the Committee on Confer-6-in the negative. ence, being the passage of the bill as it now stands in the Statutes, was finally concurred in by the Senate March 3, 1883, by the following vote:

YEAS-Messrs. Aldrich, Allison, Anthony, Blair, Cameron of Wisconsin, Conger, DAVIS of Illinois, Dawes, Edmunds, Frye, Harrison, Hawley, Hill, Hoar, Ingalls, Jones of Nevada, Kellogg, Lapham, Logan, McDill, McMillan, McPherson, MAHONE, Miller of New York, Morrill, Platt, Plumb, Rollins, Sawyer, Sewell, Sherman, Windom - 42.

NAYS-Messrs. Barrow, Bayard, Brown, Butler, Call, Cameron of Pennsylvania, Cockerell, Coke, Fair, Garland, George, Gorman, Groome, Harris, Jackson, Jonas, Jones of Florida, Lamar, Maxey, Morgan, Pendleton, Pugh, Ransom, Saulsbury, Slater, Vance, Van Wyck, Vest, Voorhees, Walker, Williams ―31.

PAIRS-Messrs. Ferry, Hale, Mitchell, Saunders, and Tabor in the affirmative, with Messrs. Grover, Beck, Johnston, Hampton, and Camden in the nega tive. Messrs. Davis of West Virginia, Farley, and Miller of California, unpaired, did not vote.

The report of the Committee on Conference, as above, was concurred in by the House March 3, 1883, by the following vote:

YEAS Messrs. Aldrich, Anderson, Barr, Belford, Beltzhoover, Bingham, Bisbee, Bliss, Bowman, J. H. Brewer, Briggs, T. M. Browne, Buck, J. C. Burrows, J. H. BURROws, Butterworth, Calkins, Camp, J. W. Candler, Cannon, Carpenter, Caswell, Chace, Crapo, Crowley, Cullen, G. R. Davis, Deering, De Motte, Dezendorf, Dingley, Doxey, Dunnell, Dwight, Ermen. trout, C. B. Farwell, S. S. Farwell, Fisher, FULKER. SON, George, Godshalk, Grout, Guenther, Hall, J. Hammond, Hardenbergh, Hardy, Harmer, B. W. Harris, H. S. Harris, Haskell, G. C. Hazelton, Heilman, T. J. Henderson, Hepburn, J. Hill, Hiscock, Hitt, Horr, Houk, Hubbs, Humphrey, Jacobs, Jadwin, P. Jones, Jorgensen, Joyce, Kasson, Kelley, Ketcham, Klotz, Lacey, LADD, J. H. Lewis, Lindsey, Lord, Lynch, Mackey, Marsh, Mason, McCoid, McCook, J. H. McLean, Miles, Moore, Morey, Morse, Mutchler, Neal, Norcross, C. O'Neill, Pacheco, H. F. Page, Parker, Payson, S. J. Peelle, R. B. F. Peirce, Pettibone, Pound, Randall, Ranney, O. Ray, Reed, Rich, D. P. Richardson, Ritchie, Robeson, G. D. Robinson, Ross, Ryan, Scoville, Scranton, Sessinghaus, Shallenberger, Shelley, Sherwin, Shultz, C. R. Skinner, Smalls, A. II. Smith, D. C. Smith, J. H. Smith, Spaulding, Speer, Spooner, Steele, Stone, Strait, Thomas A. Townsend, Tyler, Updegraff, Valentine, Van Aernam, Van Horn, Van Voorhis, Wadsworth, Wait, Walker, W. Ward, Washburn, Watson, Webber, West, J. D. White, C. G. Williams, Willitts, B. Wilson, G. D. Wise, M. R. Wise, W. A. Wood, T. L. Young-152.

NAYS-Messrs. Aiken, Armfield, Atherton, Atkins, Barbour, Bayne, Beach, Belmont, Berry, Blackburn, Blanchard, Bland, Blount, Brugg, BRUMM, Bu chanan, Buckner, Cabell, J. W. Caldwell, J. M. Campbell, Carlisle, Cassidy, Chapman, Clark, Clements, Cobb, Colerick, Converse, J. C. Cook, P. Cook, Carington, S. S. Cor, W. R. Cox, D. B. Culberson, Davidson, L. II. Davis, Dawes, Deuster, Dibrell, Doned, Dugro, Dunn, Ellis, Errett, J. H. Evins, Florcer, FORD, Forney, Garrison, Geddes, R. C. Gibson, Gunter, N. J. Hammond, I. S. HASELTINE, W. H. Hatch, Herbert, A. S. Hewitt, Hoblitzell, Hoge, Holman, House, Hubbell, Hutchins, G. W. JONES, J. K. Jones, Kenna, King, Knott, Latham, Leedon, Le Ferre, Manning, Martin, Matson, McKenzie, McKinley, R. M. McLane, McMillin, S. H. Miller, Mills, Money, Morrison, Moulton, MURCH, Reese, J. B. Rice, T. M. RICE, J. S. Richardson, E. W. Robert 802, J. S. Robinson, W. E. Robinson, Rosecrans, Scales, Simonton, O. R. Singleton, Sparks, Springer, Stockslager, Talbott, E. B. Taylor, J. D. Taylor,

Messrs. Black, Cornell, Curtin, Cravens, Chester B. Darrall, Thomas H. Herndon, Charles E. Hooker, MOSGROVE, Nolan, Oates, PAUL, J. Phelps, Phister, Prescott, Russell, J. W. Singleton, and Benj. Wood, -17 — unpaired, did not vote.

PART XVII.

Democratic Defeat of the Bill of 1884 to restore the Tariff on Wool- How it came to need Restoration — Democratic Responsibility — Votes - Statistics.

By way of preliminary explanation, it may be well to state that on Feb. 20, 1883, Mr. Sherman, in the Senate, during the consider|ation of the Tariff bill of 1883, had moved to amend the following paragraphs on wool by the first, from "12" to "14" in the second, changing the rates from "10" to "12" in from "10" to "12" in the third, and from "12" to "14" in the fourth, making them read thus:

Mr. Sherman's amendment.

"Wools of the first class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall be 30 cents or less per pound, 12 cents per pound.

"Wools of the same class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall exceed 30 cents per pound, 14 cents per pound.

"Wools of the second class, and all hair of the alpaca, goat, and other like animals, the value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall be 30 cents or less per pound, 12 cents per pound.

"Wools of the same class, the value whereof at the last port or place whence exported to the United States, excluding charges in such port, shall exceed 30 cents per pound, 14 cents per pound."

The hostile Senate vote.

Mr. Sherman's amendment was, however, rejected by the very decisive Senate vote of 20 yeas to 40 nays. Only 3 of the 20 yeas were Democratic votes, while 26 of the 40 nays were Democratic votes. In other words, of the Republicans voting, 17 voted yea to 14 voting nay, while of the Democrats voting, only 3 voted yea, and 26 nay. A majority of the Republicans voting voted yea; an overwhelming majority of the Democrats voting voted nay. Following is the detailed vote:

YEAS Messrs. Brown, Camden, Cameron of Wis.

consin, Conger, DAVIS of Illinois, Harrison, Hill, Jones of Nevada, Logan, McMillan, Miller of California, Miller of New York, Mitchell, Pendleton, Plumb, Sawyer, Sewell, Sherman, Tabor, Windom-20.

NAYS- Messrs. Aldrich, Allison, Anthony, Barrow, Bayard, Beck, Blair, Call, Cockrell, Coke, Dawes, Frye, George, Gorman, Groome, Grover, Hale, Hampton, Harris, Hawley, Hoar, Ingalls, Jackson, Johnson, Jonas, Jones of Florida, McPherson, Maxey, Morrill, Platt, Pugh, Ransom, Rollins, Sauls. bury, Slater, Vance, Van Wyck, Vest, Voorhees, Williams - 40.

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