Environmental Regulation and Food Safety: Studies of Protection and ProtectionismVeena Jha IDRC, 2005 - 232 páginas Environmental, health and sanitary requirements in developed countries are perceived in developing countries as non-tariff barriers to trade. This book shows that such restrictions are perceived to be more stringent during the domestic production season. It also argues that scientific data for specific thresholds appear to be questionable. |
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Página xi
... compliance , responses and policy implications . The next chapter provides details of the two main conventions regulating standards and world trade , the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ( TBT ) and the Agreement on the ...
... compliance , responses and policy implications . The next chapter provides details of the two main conventions regulating standards and world trade , the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ( TBT ) and the Agreement on the ...
Página 4
... compliance costs; • opportunity costs of trade lost and the time taken to regain market shares; • responses to the standards; • perception of the protectionist nature of standards; • recommendations to strengthen the capacities of ...
... compliance costs; • opportunity costs of trade lost and the time taken to regain market shares; • responses to the standards; • perception of the protectionist nature of standards; • recommendations to strengthen the capacities of ...
Página 5
... compliance costs, as they indicate the losses a country has to incur if it does not meet the standard. These regions were chosen because they share common climatic and other geographical characteristics that make them similar enough for ...
... compliance costs, as they indicate the losses a country has to incur if it does not meet the standard. These regions were chosen because they share common climatic and other geographical characteristics that make them similar enough for ...
Página 7
... compliance costs were estimated. Questions The following questions provided guidance for the analysis carried out under the project. Have there been adverse trade effects? Adverse trade effects may include: • loss of export markets ...
... compliance costs were estimated. Questions The following questions provided guidance for the analysis carried out under the project. Have there been adverse trade effects? Adverse trade effects may include: • loss of export markets ...
Página 10
... Compliance Costs and Trade Effects The second question addressed was whether these standards really entail trade displacements and whether the cost of compliance is high. On both these counts it was found that most countries surveyed by ...
... Compliance Costs and Trade Effects The second question addressed was whether these standards really entail trade displacements and whether the cost of compliance is high. On both these counts it was found that most countries surveyed by ...
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Environmental Regulation and Food Safety: Studies of Protection and ... Veena Jha Vista de fragmentos - 2005 |
Términos y frases comunes
accreditation aflatoxin applied areas Article assessment Bangladesh capacity building cent Central American cholera compliance comply constraints Costa Rica developing coun developing countries environment established European Commission European Union example facilities farmers fish exports fishery products food safety guidelines HACCP horticultural implementation importing country India industry infrastructure international markets international standards international trade issues Kenya laboratories lack Lake Victoria mango market access ment Mozambique multilateral notifications organic agricultural production organic agriculture organic farming organic food organic products peanuts pesticide residues Phytosanitary Measures plant poultry private sector problems procedures processing programme promoting regional regulations Republic of Tanzania restrictions Rican risk Sanitary and Phytosanitary sea turtles shrimp South Asia specific spices SPS Agreement SPS and Environmental SPS measures SPS standards Sri Lanka stringent Tanzania technical assistance TEDs testing tion Uganda UNCTAD United Republic
Pasajes populares
Página 38 - Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade...
Página 21 - In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
Página ix - UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme...
Página 38 - Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any contracting party of measures... (b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health... (g) relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption ..." 7 The text of Article 2 SPS Agreement states in relevant part: 1.
Página 201 - Party" means a State for which the present Convention has entered into force. Article II Fundamental Principles 1. Appendix I shall include all species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade.
Página 30 - With a view to enhancing the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment, we agree to negotiations, without prejudging their outcome, on: (i) the relationship between existing WTO rules and specific trade obligations set out in multilateral environmental agreements.
Página 195 - May 1, 1991, and annually thereafter that — (A) the government of the harvesting nation has provided documentary evidence of the adoption of a regulatory program governing the incidental taking of such sea turtles in the course of such harvesting that is comparable to that of the United States; and (B) the average rate of that incidental taking by the vessels of the harvesting nation is comparable to the average rate of incidental taking of sea turtles by United States vessels in the course...
Página 16 - At the request of a party to a dispute, or at its own initiative, a panel may establish a technical expert group to assist in questions of a technical nature, requiring detailed consideration by experts. 14.3 Technical expert groups shall be governed by the procedures of Annex 2. 14.4 The dispute settlement provisions set out above can be invoked in cases where a Member considers that another Member has not achieved satisfactory results under...
Página 24 - The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to administrative orders imposing antidumping duties, or relating to regulations for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, or relating to public safety, or giving effect to judicial decisions.
Página 16 - ... exist or their completion is imminent. Members shall use them, or the relevant parts of them, as a basis for their technical regulations except when such international standards or relevant parts would be an ineffective or inappropriate means for the fulfilment of the legitimate objectives pursued, for instance because of fundamental climatic or geographical factors or fundamental technological problems.