RIAGE OF THE VIRGIN; PRESENTATION OF THE VIRGIN, etc. See GROTTO DE LA VIERGE.

Virgin and Angel Annunciate. A picture by Gheerardt David (1484-1523), the Flemish painter. Now in the collection of the Prince of Hohenzollern at Sigmaringen.

Virgin and Child. A small altarpiece by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter, and considered one of his finest works. By Horace Walpole this picture was ascribed to Jan van Eyck. It is now in the possession of the Duke of Devonshire at Chiswick, England.

Virgin and Child. A picture by

Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter and engraver, and regarded as one of his finest works. "In the centre of the landscape is the Virgin, seated, with the Child, and crowned by two angels; on her right is a Pope with priests kneeling, on the left the Emperor Maximilian with knights. . . all being crowned with garlands of roses by the Virgin, the Child, St. Dominick, who stands behind the Virgin, and by angels." This picture is now in the monastery of Strahow at Prague. There is also a copy in the Museum at Lyons, France.

Virgin and Child. A votive picture by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter. Now in possession of Count Duchâtel, of Paris.

Virgin and Child with Mary Magdalen. A picture by Luc Jacobsz, commonly called Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533), a Flemish painter. It is a beautiful and finely-executed work. Now in the Gallery of Munich, Bavaria. Virgin and Child with Saints. A picture by Gheerardt David (1484– 1523), a Flemish painter. It is now in the Museum of Rouen, France.

Virgin and Saints. A picture by

the Flemish painter, Petrus Cristus. Now in the Städel Museum at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.

Virgin and Child with the little St. John. A picture by Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641). In the Munich Gallery.

Virgin, Assumption of the. See ASSUMPTION, THE.

Virgin between S. Anthony and S. Sebastian. A large altarpiece by Alessandro Bonvicino, called I Moretto di Brescia (1514-1564). In the Städel Institute, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.

Virgin in a Bower of Roses. A picture by Martin Schongauer, commonly called Martin Schön (b. 1420?), a German painter, and considered to be his most important work. It is in St. Martin's church at Colmar, Germany.

Virgin in the Meadow. A wellknown picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), in which the Madonna is represented in a beautiful landscape with both hands supporting the infant Christ, who stands before her; her head inclined toward the little St. John, who, kneeling at the side, offers a reed cross to his companion." This picture is now in the Belvedere Gallery at Vienna, Austria.

Virgin, Iron. See IRON VIRGIN.

Virgin, Joys and Sorrows of the. A beautiful picture by Hans Memling (d. 1495), the Flemish painter, described as representing "the principal events of the life of Christ and the Virgin (the seven joys of the Virgin); not in separate compartments, but as one great whole, united in a landscape with an endless number of subordinate events, — a whole world of life and joy and sorrow, all executed with wonderful grace and beauty." It was painted for Pierre Baltynek, a currier of Bruges, and was formerly in the Boisserée Collection, but is now at Munich, Bavaria.

Virgin, Life of the. A series of wood-cuts by Albert Dürer (14711528), the German painter and engraver, and considered to be among the best of his works which have descended to us.

Virgin nursing the Child. A picture by Roger van der Weyden (d. 1464), the Flemish painter, and one of his later works. It is now in the Städel Institute, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany.

Virgin of the Burgomaster Meyer. See MADONNA OF THE BURGOMASTER MEYER.

Virgin Staying the Plague at

Brescia. A picture by Alessandro Bonvicino, called Il Moretto (1514-1564). In the Gallery of Dresden, Germany.

Virgin with the Goldfinch. See MADONNA DEL CARDELLINO.

Virgin with the Seven Sorrows. A picture by Joachim Patenier (d. 1545?), a Flemish painter. It is now in the Museum at Brussels, Belgium.

Virginia, The.

An old line-of

battle ship in one of the shiphouses of the United States Navy Yard at Charlestown, Mass. She has been on the stocks for half a century.

Virginia Water. A beautiful artificial lake seven miles from Windsor, near London.

Virginius, The. A vessel sailing under the American flag from New York for the West Indies, on the 4th of October, 1869. On the 31st of October she was captured by a Spanish ship and taken to Havana. Being accused of hostile designs against Spain, the American commander, Capt. Fry, with 36 of his crew, and 18 others, were shot without trial. After much diplomacy, the Virginius was formally surrendered to the United States navy on the 16th of December, 1873, but, on the way to New York, sank off Cape Fear.

A

Virgin's Chapel and Tomb. venerable and picturesque building in Jerusalem, believed by the faithful to be the place where the Virgin Mary was laid. Near the chapel is the spot where her Assumption is supposed to have occurred, together with a rock that bears the marks of the girdle she let fall to convince the incredulous Thomas.

Virgin's Tree. A name applied to an old sycamore-tree, near the village of Matareeah, Egypt, under which the Holy Family are said to have rested after the flight into Egypt.

Vision of a Knight. A small allegorical picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520), representing a young knight sleeping upon his shield, with a female figure on each side. "One in a plain purple robe is offering him a book and a sword; the other, richly dressed, is presenting flowers as symbols of the pleasures of life. The origi

nal pen-and-ink drawing by the master, with punctured outlines from which the picture was traced, hangs by its side." There is an engraving of it by L. Gruner. This picture was formerly in the Borghese Gallery in Rome, but is now in the National Gallery, London.

Vision of Ezekiel. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). It is in the Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy. A copy of this picture, which was for a time regarded as the original, and which was formerly in the Orleans Gallery, is now at Stratton, in England.

"All direct imitation of nature was by the best painters carefully avoided. In this respect how fine is Raphael's Vision of Ezekiel'! How sublime and true in feeling and conception! where the Messiah comes floating along, upborne by the Four Creatures, . . . animals in form, but in all else unearthly, and the winged ox not less divine than the winged angel."

Mrs. Jameson. Vision of Jacob. A celebrated picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669). In the Dulwich Gallery.

"In a print by Rembrandt, he has emulated, in picturesque and poetical treatment, his famous Vision of Jacob in the Dulwich Gallery." Mrs. Jameson.

Vision of St. Bernard. A picture by Filippino Lippi (14602-1505), and his chief work. In the Badia at Florence, Italy.

Vision of St. Bernard. A noted and admired picture by Parmigiano (1503-1540). In the National Gallery, London.

Vision of the Holy Cross. A fresco in the Sala di Costantino, in the Vatican, Rome, executed by Giulio Romano (1492?-1546), after a design by Raphael.

Visitation, The. A favorite subject of representation by the painters of the Middle Ages, exhibiting the visit of the Virgin Mary to Elisabeth, according to the account in Luke i. 39, et seq. Of the numerous compositions which treat of this subject, may be mentioned as among the more noted the following.

Visitation, The. A picture designed by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), the execution probably by Francesco Penni (1488-1528). Now in the Gallery of Madrid, Spain. It represents the visit of Mary to Elisabeth.

"In the composition by Ra phael [The Visitation] there are the two figures only [Mary and Elisabeth]; and I should object to this otherwise perfect picture, the bashful conscious look of the Virgin Mary."

Mrs. Jameson.

Visitation, The. A picture by Mariotto Albertinelli (1475?-1520?), the Italian painter, and regarded as his masterpiece. It is now in the Gallery of the Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

"The simple, majestic composi tion of Albertinelli. The work in its large and solemn beauty and religious significance, is worthy of being placed over an altar, on which we might offer up the work of Rembrandt [see infra], as men offer incense, gems, and gold." Mrs. Jameson. Visitation, The. A richly col ored group by Sebastian del Pi

ombo (1485-1547). This picture is now in the Louvre, Paris.

Visitation, The. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1606-1669), the Dutch painter. Now in the Grosvenor Gallery.

"the small but exquisitely finished composition by Rembrandt.

Nothing can be more poetical than the treatment, more intensely true and noble than the expression of the dimin utive figures, more masterly and finished than the execution, more magical and lustrous than the effect of the whole." Mrs. Jameson.

Visitation, The. A picture in the Museum of Berlin, ascribed to Gerard van Meire, the Flemish painter. There is another well-preserved and interesting picture of the same name, ascribed to the same artist, in the collection of Baron Speek von Sternburg, at Lütschena, near Leipzig, Germany.

Vitale, San. See SAN VITALE. Vittoria, The. One of the ships with which Fernando Magellan (1470?-1521) made his famous voyage of discovery in 1520. The Vittoria, after the death of Magellan, under the command of Sebastian del Cano returned to Spain, and was the first vessel that circumnavigated the globe. Vittorio Emanuele. See GALLERIA VITTORIO EMANUELE. Volks Denkmal. [The People's Monument.] A Gothic cross of iron, 160 feet in height, erected upon an eminence near Berlin, Prussia, to commemorate the deliverance of Prussia from the French, and the recovery of national independence. The monument bears an inscription, together with statues of Prussian warriors, executed by Rauch and Tieck.

Voltaire, Boulevart de. A magnificent street in Paris, one of the new boulevards, and formerly known as the Boulevart de Prince Eugène. See BOULEVARDS. Voltaire, Quai de. This quay, on the river Seine in Paris, derives its name from the fact that the

philosopher Voltaire died in the house at the corner of the quay and the Rue de Beaume. Volto Santo. See SANTO VOLTO. Volumnii. See TOMB OF THE VOLUMNII.

Voyage of Life. An allegorical picture by Thomas Cole (18011848). In the collection of John Taylor Johnston, New York.

Vulcan's Forge. See FORGE OF VULCAN.

Vulture, The. A British sloop-ofwar, in which Major André went up the Hudson, when arranging terms of surrender with Benedict Arnold.

A fine square and Vyverberg. pleasure-ground in the Hague, Holland.

Waldburg.

An ancient castle near Ravensburg, Germany, famous for its magnificent views. Walden Pond. A beautiful sheet of water near Concord, Mass., now a favorite pleasure-resort, and celebrated for its associations with H. D. Thoreau (18171862), the scholar and naturalist, who, in 1845, built on the shore of this pond a small house in which he lived two years as a hermit in studious retirement, afterwards publishing an account of this portion of his life, under the title of " Walden."

Wall, London. See LONDON WALL

Wall of Antoninus. A wall, or rampart, erected during the Ro man occupation of Britain, with the design of preventing the incursion of the northern tribes into the lowlands. It extended from the Forth to the Clyde, a distance of 27 miles, and was guarded by 10 forts. There is a stone in Glas

gow College which preserves the name of the builder, Lollius Urbicus. [Often known as Graham's Dyke.]

"The wall of Antoninus, or Graham's or Grime's Dyke, crossed from the Forth to the Clyde, on the line on which previously Agricola had erected a series of forts. It consisted of a new line of forts connected together by an immense continuous rampart of earth and turf, raised by the Proprætor Lollius Urbicus in the reign of Antoninus, and named after that em. peror. Inscribed stones have been from time to time found along its course, ex. pressive of the work done by different troops and cohorts of the Roman army." L. Jewitt.

If we carefully trace the distance from the Wall of Antoninus to Rom, and from thence to Jerusalem, it will be found that the great chain of communication from the north-west to the south-east point of the empire was drawn out to the length of four thousand and eighty Roman miles.

Gibbon.

Wall of China. See GREAT WALL OF CHINA.

Wall Street. This street in New York City, running east from Broadway, opposite Trinity Church, is the centre for bankers and brokers in New York, and is in fact the centre of the financial interests of the whole country. The Stock Exchange in Wall Street presents an exciting scene during business hours.

Free institutions, general education, and the ascendancy of dollar, are the words written on every paving-stone along Fifth Avenue, down Broadway, and up Wall Street. Anthony Trollope