tes. A small circular building of graceful proportions at Athens, Greece. It is interesting as the only surviving relic of a series of temples forming a street, which was called the Street of the Tripods, from the Tripods (gained by victorious Choragi in the neighboring Theatre of Dionysus) by which the temples were surmounted. This monument, the first authentic instance of Corinthian architecture, is about eight feet in diameter and 34 feet high.

"Notwithstanding the smallness of its dimensions, one of the most beautiful works of art of the merely ornamental class to be found in any part of the world." Fergusson.

Where every thing is square and rugged, as in a Druidical trilithon, the effect may be sublime, but it cannot be elegant; where every thing is rounded, as in the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, the perfection of elegance may be attained, but Fergusson. never sublimity.

Christ. 1. A marble statue by Michael Angelo Buonarotti (14751564). In the church of Sopra Minerva in Rome.

"In its outward finish and as a

representation of a naked human form in the prime of beauty, it is a most admirable work; but as an image of Him whom it is to call to mind, it is the first statue of Michael Angelo's which we must designate as full of mannerism."

Grimm, Trans.

2. A famous statue by Johann Heinrich von Dannecker (17581841), the sculptor of Ariadne. The statue is in a tower, built to initate a ruined abbey, in the grounds attached to the palace of Tzarko Selo, near St. Petersburg, Russia.

"The longer I looked upon it, the more I was penetrated with its wonderful representation of the attri butes of Christ,- Wisdom and Love. The face calmly surveys and compre hends all forms of human passion, with pity for the erring, joy in the good, and tenderness for all. I have seen few statues like this, where the form is lost sight of in the presence of the idea. In this respect it is Dannecker's greatest, as it was his favorite work."

Bayard Taylor.

ture by Albert Dürer (1471-1528), the German painter. According to the inscription upon it, it was executed in five days. In the Barberini Palace at Rome. Christ and the Parable of the Vineyard. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1607-1669), the Dutch painter. Now in the Hermitage at St. Petersburg, Russia. Christ and the Scoffers. A picture by Anthony van Dyck (1599– 1641), now in Madrid, Spain. Christ appearing to the Magdalen. A picture by Rembrandt van Ryn (1607-1669), the Dutch painter. Now in Buckingham Palace, London.

Christ, Ascension of. See ASCENSION OF CHRIST.

Christ at the Table of Simon the Publican. An immense picture by Paul Veronese (1500-1588), now in the Louvre, Paris. There is another upon the same subject at the Brera in Milan, Italy; and another in the Marcello Durazzo Palace, at Genoa.

Christ, Baptism of. See BAPTISM OF CHRIST.

Christ before Pilate. An admired picture by Gherardo della Notte. În Lucca, Italy.

Christ borne to the Sepulchre. 1. A well-known picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). In the Palazzo Borghese, Rome.

"Raphael's picture of this subject. though meriting all its fame in respect of drawing, expression, and knowledge, has lost all signs of rever. ential feeling in the persons of the bearers." Lady Eastlake.

2. A well-known picture by Titian (1477-1576). In the Louvre, Paris.

3. A picture by Jacopo Robusti, called Tintoretto (1512-1594). Now in the Stafford Gallery, London. Christ Church. 1. An ancient and venerable church edifice in Philadelphia, Penn. It was built near the beginning of the last century. Gen. Washington was a regular attendant here. In the lofty

2. A religious edifice in Boston, Mass., memorable as the oldest church structure now standing in the city (having been

ture by Benjamin West (17381820). In the Pennsylvania Hospital.

Christ in Pilgrim's Dress.

A

noted picture by Fra Angelico Giovanni (da Fiesole) (1387-1455). In the Museum of St. Mark, Florence, Italy.

ing an ancient chime of bells.

-and in the steeple of Christ Church, hard by, are the sweet chimes which are the Boston boy's Ranz des Vaches. whose echoes follow him all the world over

Holmes

Francis [Atterbury) was educated at Westminster School, and carried thence to Christ Church a stock of learning which, though really scanty, he through life exhibited with such judicious ostentation that superficial observers believed his attainments to be immense. Macaulay

by Giovanni Bellini (1426-1516?), the Italian painter. Now in the National Gallery, London.

Christ in the Garden with the Magdalene. A picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534). In the Gallery of Madrid, Spain.

Christ in the Temple. A picture by William Holman Hunt (b. 1827).

"When 34 years of age, Holman Hunt painted Christ discovered in the Temple, which thousands flocked to see, not only in London, but in every town where it was exhibited." Mrs. Tytler.

"Yet neither that picture [Christ

in the Temple], great as it is, nor any other of Hunt's, is the best he could have done." Ruskin.

肪 "There it hangs before us [an engraving of the picture], but without its glorious color as Holman Hunt gave it forth from the years' study of his earnest soul. I wish you could have seen the picture all aglow with those wonderful hues, somewhat, perhaps, too rainbow-like and shifty in gleams, but yet no tint without meaning, and all conspiring to one of the most glorious effects.' Dean Alford.

CONSOLATOR.

Christ crowned with Thorns. A

well-known picture by Titian (1477-1576) unsurpassed as an example of his art in coloring. In the Louvre, Paris. Christ disputing with the Doctors. A picture attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). In the National Gallery, London. Christ giving the Keys to Peter.

A fresco by Pietro Perugino (14461524). In the Sistine Chapel, Rome.

Christ on the Mount of Olives. 1. An admired picture by Antonio Allegri, surnamed Correggio (1494-1534). It was "taken in Joseph Buonaparte's carriage at the battle of Vittoria, returned to the King of Spain, and by him presented to the Duke of Well ington." Now in Apsley House, London.

2. A picture by Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520). Now in England

Christ presented by Pilate to the People. A noted picture by Antonio Allegri, called Correggio (1494-1534). In the National Gallery, London.

Christ rejected by the Jewish People. A picture by Benjamin West (1738-1820). In Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.

Christ with the Tribute Money. A celebrated picture by Titian (1477-1576). In the Dresden Gallery.

"This is a finely executed and delicately colored head, but too cold and commonplace in expression to merit the stereotyped praise bestowed upon it."

Eastlake: Handbook of Painting. 2. Another expressive and admirable picture upon the same subject by Guercino (1590-1666). In the Palazzo Durazzo, Genoa, Italy.

Christian Martyrs (in the Coliseum). A picture by Peter F. Rothermel (b. 1817), an American artist. In Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Penn.

Christianity in the Arts. See INFLUENCE OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE ARTS.

Christiansborg Palace. The royal palace of Denmark, in the city of Copenhagen. It is decorated with many fine works of Thorwaldsen, the Danish sculptor, and contains a gallery of paintings and a museum of Northern antiquities.

Christopher, St. See ST. CHRIS

TOPHER.

Christ's Charge to Peter. The subject of one of the famous cartoons by Raphael Sanzio (14831520), from which the tapestries in the Vatican at Rome were executed.

Christ's College. A foundation of the University of Cambridge, England. Established in 1505.

Christ's Hospital. A celebrated public school-upon the site of the monastery of the Grey Friars - in London, at which many eminent men have been educated. It is often called the Blue-coat School," from the antique uniform which has been worn by the pupils since the foundation of the school in the time of Edward VI. It was not originally founded as a school: its object was to rescue young children from the streets, to shelter, feed, clothe, and lastly educate them. The number of pupils is at present about 800. Coleridge, Charles Lamb, Richardson the novelist, and Leigh Hunt are among the more distinguished "Blues," as the scholars of Christ's Hospital are termed. Charles Lamb has essays entitled "Recollections of Christ's Hospital," and "Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago."

"Christ's Hospital is an institution to keep those who have yet held up their heads in the world from sinking; to keep alive the spirit of a decent household, when poverty was in danger of crushing it; to assist those who are the most willing, but not always the most able, to assist themselves; to separate a child from his family for a season, in order to render him back hereafter, with feelings and babits more congenial to it, than he could ever have attained by remaining at home in the bosom of it." Charles Lamb.

Christus Consolator. [Christ the Consoler.] A celebrated picture, well-known by reproductions, executed by Ary Scheffer (17951858).

The country itself is a Consolator coiored too heartily for the thin-blooded palette of Scheffer. John Weiss.

Christus Remunerator. A picture by Ary Scheffer (1795-1858). Chrysostom, St. See ST. CHRY

SOSTOM.

Church Butte. A natural curiosity in Wyoming Territory, being

"Seen under favorable lights, it imposes upon the imagination like a grand old cathedral going into decay, quaint in its crumbling ornaments, majestic in its height and breadth. They [the Buttes] seem, like the more numerous and fantastic illustrations of nature's frolicsome art in Southern Colorado, to be the remains of granite hills that wind and water, and espe cially the sand whirlpools which march in lordly force through the air, -liter. ally moving mountains, have left to hint the past and tell the story of their own achievements. Not unfitly, there as here, they have won the title of "Monuments to the Gods."

Samuel Bowles. Church Militant and Triumphant. A noted picture by Simone de Martini (Memmi) (1283-1344). In the church of Sta. Maria Novella, Florence, Italy. Cincinnati, The. A patrician military order or society established in this country at the close of the Revolutionary war, about 1783, by the officers of the American army. The name was derived from the Roman dictator Cincinnatus (456 B.C.), and was adopted in allusion to the change made by them from military to agricultural pursuits. Provision was made that the privilege of membership should pass by descent to the eldest son of each deceased member. The society aimed "to preserve inviolate the rights and liberties of human nature," to promote friendly feeling between the different States, and to aid suffering officers and their families. George Washington was the first president of the order. It was at one time large and popular, but is now fast declining. Circe. [Lat. Promontorium Circeum.] A famous promontory of antiquity, now called Monte Circello, situated at the extremity of the Pontine Marshes, in Southern

Italy. It was much celebrated by the Latin poets.

Circe. A picture by Dosso Dossi (1474-1558). In the Borghese Gallery, Rome.

Circus Maximus. The famous cir

cus of ancient Rome, founded in the time of the kings, and rebuilt with great splendor by Julius Cæsar. It was in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine mounts. This circus, which was burned in Nero's time, was restored by Vespasian, and enlarged by Constantine. It is said that 250,000 spectators could be accommodated with seats. A confused mass of brickwork is all that now remains of this ruin. Circus Maximus.

A picture by Jean Léon Gérôme (b. 1824), the French painter.

Cirque, La. [The Circle.] _A natural curiosity in Southern France, near Gavarnie. It consists of an immense semicircle of rocks, the sides of which are lofty precipices, and the floor of which is strewn with the detritus of the neighboring mountains. It is one of the most remarkable scenes in the Pyrenees, and marks the limits of the French territory. Cité, Ile de la. See ILE DE LA CITÉ.

Città Leonina. See LEONINE CITY.

City Cross. See DUN-EDIN'S CROSS. Civil Club. This London society was established in the city in 1669, three years after the Great Fire. No record is to be found of the circumstances of its establishment or of the name of the founder. This is the only club which can boast of having the reputed office of a chaplain attached to its staff. All the members are citizens; and the records show, as former members, Parliament men, baronets, and aldermen. One of the rules is, that "but one person of the same trade or profession should be a member of the club." This association, which is now in existence, met for years at the Old

Ship Tavern, in Water Lane, and afterwards at the New Corn Exchange Tavern, in Mark Lane. Claddagh, The. A populous district, forming one of the suburbs of Galway, Ireland, noted for the peculiarity of its inhabitants, chiefly fishermen, who enjoy certain hereditary "rights," of which they are very tenacious, and any infringement of which is resisted with violence.

"This singular community is still governed by a king,' elected annually, and a number of by-laws of their own. At one time this king was absolute, -as powerful as a veritable despot; but his power has yielded, like all despotic powers, to the times. He has still, however, much influence, and sacrifices himself, literally without fee or reward, for the good of the people: he is constantly occupied hearing and deciding causes and quarrels, for his people never by any chance appeal to a higher tribunal. . . . His majesty was at sea; but we were introduced to his royal family, a group of children and grandchildren, who for ruddy health might have been coveted by any monarch in Christendom."

Mr. and Mrs. Hall.

Clarendon House. A noted mansion which formerly stood in Piccadilly, London, but which was taken down soon after 1675, the name surviving in the modern Clarendon Hotel.

Clarendon Press. A well-known establishment at Oxford, Eng

land.

Shallow. I was once of Clement's Inn where I think they will talk of mad Shallow yet. Silence. You were called lusty Shallow then, cousin, Shallow. By the mass, I was called any thing; and I would have done any thing indeed, and roundly too. There was I and Little John Doit of Staffordshire, and Black George Barnes of Staffordshire, and Francis Pick bone, and Will Squele, a Cotswold man: you had not four such swinge bucklers in all the Inns of Court again. Shallow

Nay, she must be old; she cannot choose but be old; certain she's old, and had Robin Nightwork by old Nightwork, before I came to Clement's Inn. .. Shallow - 1 remember at Mile-end green (when I lay at Clement's Inn). I was then Sir Dagonet in Arthur's show... Falstaff —I do remember him at Clement's Inn, like a man made after supper of a cheese-paring Shakespeare.

Clement's Well. See ST. CLEMENT'S WELL.

Cleopatra. A statue by William W. Story (b. 1819).

"The two conceptions, 'Cleopatra' and the Libyan Sibyl,' have placed Mr. Story in European estima. tion at the head of American sculp tors." Jarves.

"In a word, all Cleopatra, fierce, voluptuous, passionate, tender, wicked was kneaded into what, only a week or two before, had been a lump of wet clay from the Tiber. Soon, apotheosized in an indestructible material, she would be one of the images that men keep forever, finding a heat in them that does not cool down Hawthorne. through the centuries."

Cleopatra and Cæsar. A picture by Jean Léon Gérôme (b. 1824), the French painter.

Clement XIII. A celebrated statne by Antonio Canova (1757-1822). In St. Peter's Church, Rome. Clement Danes. See ST. CLEMENT DANES.

Clement's Chapel. [Ital. Capella Clementina.] A chapel in St. Peter's, Rome, containing, among other things, the tomb of Pius VII., and a monument to him by Thorwaldsen.

Clement's Inn. One of the nine Inns of Chancery in London, so named from its proximity to the church of St. Clement Danes and St. Clement's Well.

The

Egyptian obelisk, one of two which were brought from Heliopolis to Alexandria by one of the Cæsars, stood on the sands near the new fortification wall. companion obelisk, having fallen, was embedded and preserved in these sands. The obelisks are of red granite of Syene, and Cleopatra's Needle is 70 feet high. It has been recently taken to New York, and is now set up in Central Park.

What obelisk northward meets the curious eye?

Rich as an orient gem it courts the sky: Its tapering sides a myriad sculptures grace,

Dark mystic writing of earth's early race.