2. All persons in mines, laundries, furnace men in smelters, oper ating engineers, firemen, or switchboard operators in electric light and power plants, and all workers in fourteen other specified dangerous occupations. CALIFORNIA.-Eight hours a day, forty-eight a week, for females in manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel or restaurant, telegraph or telephone establishment or office, or by any express or transportation company, in public lodging houses, apartment houses, hospitals, and places of amusement. Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. All persons in mines and smelters. (Constitutionality of this law upheld: Ex parte Martin, Supreme Court, California, 106 Pacific Report, p. 235). 3. Legal day's work unless otherwise agreed. COLORADO.-Eight hours a day, forty-eight a week, for females in manufacturing, mechanical and mercantile establishments, laundry, hotel ог restaurant. Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. All persons in smelters, mines and blast furnaces, and eight other specified dangerous occupations. CONNECTICUT.-Eight hours a day: 2. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators engaged in spacing trains. 3. Legal day's work unless otherwise agreed. DELAWARE.-Eight hours a day, public employees in Wilmington. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.-Eight hours a day, laborers on public works. IDAHO.-Eight hours a day: 1. All manual laborers employed by the day on public works, except agricultural and domestic. 2. All persons in mines and smelters, ore reduction works, stamp mills, etc. ILLINOIS.-Eight hours a day, legal day's work (except agricultural) unless otherwise agreed. INDIANA.-Eight hours a day, legal day's work (except agricultural and domestic) unless otherwise agreed. KANSAS. Eight hours a day, laborers on public works, except in cities owning municipal light and water plants. KENTUCKY.-Eight hours a day, laborers on public works. LOUISIANA.-Eight hours a day, stationary firemen in certain establishments. MARYLAND.-Eight hours a day: 1. Females in any manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, printing, baking, laundering establishment, if any part of the work comes before 6 A. M. or after 10 P. M. 2. All laborers on public works in Baltimore. 3. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators engaged in spacing trains. MASSACHUSETTS.-Eight hours a day, all persons employed by commonwealth or counties. Local option on eight-hour day for cities and towns. State contracts for printing to be awarded on an eight hour basis. MINNESOTA.-Eight hours a day, all manual laborers on public works (except agricultural). MISSOURI.-Eight hours a day: 1. All persons in mines (declared constitutional, 26 Supreme Court, Rep. 749), railroad telegraph and telephone operators employed in spacing trains. 2. Legal day's work (except labor employed by the month or farm labor) unless otherwise agreed. MONTANA.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works, including irrigation. 2. All persons in mines, smelters, and railroad tunnels. NEBRASKA. Eight hours a day, skilled labor employed by cities of the first class. NEVADA.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. All persons in mines, surface men at mines, smelters, ore-reducing works, cement and plaster mills (with exceptions), railroad telegraph and telephone operators engaged in spacing trains. NEW JERSEY.-Eight hours a day, laborers on public works and in manufacture within the state of goods bought by the state. NEW MEXICO.-Eight hours a day, laborers on public works. NEW YORK.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works, including mechanics in state institutions. 2. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators engaged in spacing trains. 3. Legal day's work (except agricultural and domestic) unless other wise agreed. OHIO.-Eight hours a day, forty-eight a week, all laborers on public works (declared constitutional, 8 C. C. Rep. 658, 667). Eight hours a day, legal day's work for all laborers in mechanical, manufacturing or mining business unless otherwise agreed. OKLAHOMA.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. All persons in mines. OREGON.—Eight hours a day, forty-eight a week: 1. All laborers on public works. PENNSYLVANIA.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. Hoisting engineers in mines. 3. Legal day's work (except agricultural and service by year, month, PORTO RICO.-Eight hours a day, all laborers on public works. TEXAS.-Eight hours a day. 1. All laborers on public works (except convicts). 2. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators employed in spacing trains. UTAH.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works including penal institutions. 2. All persons in mines and smelters (declared constitutional for WASHINGTON.-Eight hours a day: 1. Females in mechanical or mercantile establishments, laundry, 2. All laborers on public works (no emergency exemption where 2. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators engaged in spacing WISCONSIN.-Eight hours a day, fifty-five a week, females when any part of Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. Railroad telegraph and telephone operators employed in spacing trains. 3. Legal day's work in manufacturing or mercantile establishments unless otherwise agreed. WYOMING.-Eight hours a day: 1. All laborers on public works. 2. All persons in mines, smelters, stamp mills, etc. UNITED STATES.-Eight hours a day: 1. 2. 3. All public contracts with the United States, District of Columbia, or any of the territories. Employees in the Government Printing Office, letter carriers in city deliveries, mail clerks in first and second class post offices. Laborers on irrigation works, rivers and harbors. 4. Laborers on army and navy construction, repair, and on materials purchased for use in army and navy. TABLE III. Laws Limiting Hours of Work of Prisoners to Eight DELAWARE.-Between 8 A. M. and 5 P. M..... R. S. 1893, Page 426, Sec.5. MINNESOTA.-No convict to labor more than 8 hours per day at stone work...... NEW YORK.. PENNSYLVANIA.-County prisoners.... UTAH.... WISCONSIN. .R. S. 1905, C. 105, Sec. 5458. Prison Law 1909, Art. 171. R. S. 1909, Page 5622, Sec. 1. R. S. 1907, Sec. 2263. Laws of 1909, C. 333. (From The Caged Man, by E. Stagg Whitin, Ph. D. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York, July, 1913.) THE MAJESTY OF THE LAW IN MISSISSIPPI. By EDWARD N. CLOPPER, Ph.D. Two years ago the legislature of Mississippi brought a little creature into the world who was given the name of Bill. There was joy among the social workers at the time, but somehow general interest in the new-born soon subsided, and Bill's father, the State Child Labor Committee, is the only one who has stood by the helpless mite and dreamed of a brilliant career in the years to come. So little attention has been paid to him that he hasn't even been taken to the scales in Court to be weighed by the learned judges. Those who have noticed Bill recently say he hasn't grown at all and the State Committee, like all fond parents, is getting worried because he's so puny. The little fellow hasn't learned to talk much yet, but he can say: "Boys under 12 and girls under 14 musn't work in factories, mills or oyster and shrimp canneries." Something's wrong with Bill's larynx for he chokes on "fruit canneries," and his papa wants to have an operation for amendment performed on him just as soon as he's able to stand the strain without being chloroformed. It's a delight to the soul to hear him pipe in his childish treble: "Boys under 16 and girls under 18 mustn't work before 6 A. M. nor after 7 P. M. nor more than eight hours a day." The canners and cotton mill owners are greatly amused whenever they happen to hear Bill say this, but when he adds: "County sheriffs must see that I'm obeyed," they go into convulsions of laughter and have to be pushed out of his nursery in the capitol for fear he'll tumble off the shelf in unconstitutional fright. Bill hasn't begun to teeth yet and this is another source of uneasiness to his proud but anxious father. The State Committee believes he would grow much faster if he could bite and is now pleading with the legislative dentists at Jackson to give him a single tooth-a wisdom tooth-so that when Bill is able to go about the state he can make a dent in people who don't show him proper |