expected in the way of better grazing administration. A copy of the supervisor's progress report will be forwarded to the Washington office.

Supervisor's 5-year report.

At the expiration of the grazing season of 1924, and thereafter at the end of each five years, the supervisor will submit to the district forester a detailed report on grazing conditions, supplementing the information contained on Form with such additional data as may be necessary to give a clear idea of the general conditions of the livestock industry and the management of the range. The supplemental data should deal particularly with policy questions and definite recommendations for changes where such have proved to be desirable. This plan will be approved by the district forester either by letter or by conference in the supervisor's office. The plan will be prepared in triplicate, one copy to go to the district forester; one copy, together with a copy of the district forester's comments, to the Forester; and the third copy to be retained for the supervisor's files.

All instructions pertaining to grazing on the national forests will remain in full force and effect until changed, modified, or revoked.

Grazing map.

The supervisor will prepare a map of the forest in triplicate, suitable for insertion in the forest atlas, to accompany his five-year report to the district forester. It will show the grazing districts, areas opened to each class of stock, lambing grounds, driveways, overgrazed areas, closed areas, barren areas, and other areas which can not be used for grazing. Copies will be forwarded to the district office and to the Forester, with the district forester's comments on the supervisor's report.

Maps mounted for insertion in the atlas binder will be forwarded direct to the supervisor by the office of geography at Washington not later than August 1 upon the request of the district forester.

If changes are necessary during any year of the 5-year period which materially affect the allotment of range, the change should be indicated on a map and submitted in duplicate to the district forester, a copy of which will be forwarded to the Forester. The district and Washington offices will thereupon make the necessary notations on the maps filed in their offices.

The supervisor may require the district ranger to submit such maps each year as will enable him to keep his records fully up to date.

Game reports.

At the expiration of 1924, and at the end of each 5-year period thereafter, the supervisor will submit, in duplicate, to the district forester a complete report on game and game conditions on his forest in accordance with the game report outline. This report will be reviewed by the district forester, who will make such comments and issue such instructions as seem desirable for the ensuing 5-year period. A copy of the supervisor's report, together with the district forester's comments, will be forwarded to the Washington office. Each calendar year during the 5-year period the supervisor will submit a progress report, largely of a statistical nature, showing the number and species of different kinds of game on his forest and a brief review of the game situation, together with such recommendations as he may desire to make to the district forester, or which require action by other organizations, bureaus, or State officials. Copies of these reports will be forwarded to the Washington office.

District forester's report to Forester.

AT THE EXPIRATION OF EACH GRAZING SEASON THE FORESTER AND DISTRICT FORESTER WILL RETURN THE CUMULATIVE RECORD, FORM 438, TO THE FOREST SUPERVISOR FOR INSERTION OF THE DATA FOR THE PAST YEAR (IN INK IF NO LONG-CARRIAGE TYPEWRITER IS AVAILABLE IN SUPERVISOR'S OFFICE). UPON COMPLETING THE INFORMATION, THE FOREST SUPERVISOR WILL FORWARD TWO COPIES TO THE DISTRICT

FORESTER.

UPON RECEIPT AND REVIEW OF THE FOREST SUPERVISOR'S PROGRESS REPORT EACH CALENDAR YEAR, THE DISTRICT FORESTER WILL RETURN THE WASHINGTON OFFICE COPY, TOGETHER WITH COPIES OF THE SUPERVISOR'S EXPLANATORY STATEMENTS AND THE DISTRICT FORESTER'S COMMENTS.

The district forester will also submit to the Forester a brief report covering the general situation in his district for the calendar year. This additional statement should be in sufficient detail to give the Forester a good

general idea of the condition in the district, but need not follow any prescribed form.

At the expiration of 1924 and at the end of each five-year period thereafter the district forester will in transmitting to the Forester copies of the supervisor's five-year plan submit a detailed report on the grazing business within his district. This report will deal particularly with the broad phases of administration, especially problems confronting the stockmen and range management, with specific recommendations for the ensuing five-year period.

GRAZING RECONNAISSANCE

Grazing reconnaissance is obtaining reliable data by a comprehensive, systematic survey of the grazing resources for use in the preparation of better plans for range management and administration. All reconnaissance projects should be approved by the Forester before they are undertaken. The district foresters will submit to the Forester by February 15 of each year a summary of the reconnaissance completed or in progress during the fiscal year with a list of the projects recommended for the ensuing year and the estimated cost of each.

GRAZING INVESTIGATIONS

Grazing investigations are conducted to determine the most efficient and practical means for conservation and use of the grazing resource of the national forests. They thus aid in the administration of the national forests and assist the permittees in handling their stock on the national forest ranges. Investigations are conducted along the following lines:

1. Improvement of range by artificial reseeding.

2. Natural revegetation and methods of range management which insure perpetuation and maximum production of forage with a minimum loss through

nonuse.

3. Distribution, life history, palatability, and economic importance of herbaceous and shrubby plants on national forest ranges, together with the development of herbaria and standardization of names of range plants. 4. Climatic characteristics of vegetation belts on certain forests.

5. Carrying capacity of national forest ranges.

6. Proper seasons for grazing national forest ranges.

7. Improved methods of handling stock under range conditions.

8. Distribution and development of stock-watering places.

9. Grazing in relation to tree production, erosion, stream-flow, fire, and game, and to recreational and other uses of the national forests.

10. Eradication of poisonous plants.

Complete instructions for the collection, preparation, mounting, and handling of plant specimens for the herbarium will be found on page 91 et seq. of Bulletin No. 790, "Range management on the national forests."

The general instructions given under "Programs and procedure" of the Research Manual for the investigative work of the service should be followed in handling the grazing investigative projects and in submitting the annual program thereon.