of last resort, to which we all look for justice and right when they are believed to have failed everywhere else, slow to wrath but firm as a rock-may not the judicial arm of the service be called the reserve corps, and being so, must it not keep in hailing distance of and respond to the advancing columns ?

I take it, gentlemen, your observations lead you to the conclusion to which all reflecting minds at last come: that all changes of constitutions, modifications of laws, as well as all reforms sought by legal enactments amount to but little, and effect substantially no real improvement in the administration of public affairs, nor the regulation of public conduct, unless built upon and sustained by a healthy and corresponding public sentiment. Good laws materially assist in promoting the general prosperity, when based upon, upheld and sustained by a proper public morality. I believe experience will show that legislation in advance of public necessity, thrust forward before its day, upon mere expectation, or to meet empirical notions of morality and reform, will not, in the end, prove wise or useful. Marching side by side with the experience of the age, as we shall comprehend it, and the necessities of the times as we shall understand them, we shall come nearer the standard of prudent legislation, and most likely fulfill the reasonable expectations of our constituents, promote the general prosperity of the State, and deserve the favor of the ruler of the universe.

R. J. OGLESBY.

The Senate then returned to their chamber, preceded by the President pro tempore.

On motion of Mr. Whiting,

A call of the Senate was ordered, when the following answered to their names:

Messrs. Archer, Baldwin, Brown, Burke, Burns, Canfield, Casey, Castle, Crews, Cunningham, Cusey, Donahue, Early. Ferrell, Glenn, Green, Gundlach, Hampton, Henry, Hinchcliffe, Hundley, Jacoba, Kehoe, Nicholson, Palmer, Patterson, Reynolds, Sanford, Sheldon, Shepard, Starne, Steele, Strong. Warren, Whiting, Wilcox, Williamson, Yager, Youngblood-39.

On motion, further proceedings under the call were dispensed with. Owing to the absence, by reason of sickness, of the President, Lieutenant-Governor Dougherty, the following valedictory was read for him by Senator Sanford :

SENATORS-The term of office for which I was elected is about to expire. My task is done. The labors by me to be performed as Lieutenant-Governor are accomplished and it only remains now, on my part, to hand over to my honorable successor, the chair and gavel of the Senate, and bid you lasting, perhaps a final farewell. In delivering to my successor this chair and gavel, I know it is to one every way worthy to receive them, and competent to fill this chair with honor to himself and the Senate over which he will ably and impartially preside.

General Beveridge, my successor, is in all respects the peer of the brightest minds in the republic, and one of our most popular men in the State of Illinois. He is a successor of my own choice, and it is, therefore, with pleasure that I resign into his hands the discharge of the duties of this chair. And I know, gentlemen, that the same fraternal regard, kind and cheerful assistance which I have always received at your hands, will be promptly accorded to him.

Four years ago, when I entered upon the discharge of the duties of this office, twenty-five Senators composed the Senate of Illinois, and of that Senate, Nicholson, of Logan, only is here as a Senator, to welcome my successor and listen to this, my parting address.

Four of those Senators are in their graves. The generous and noble S. K. Casey, of Jefferson; the ripe scholar and soldier, McManus; the generous Dr. Turney, and the devout Christian and statesman, Tincher (nobler men never lived or died), have passed from earth to a happier and better world. We have sent to their bereaved families and friends our sincere condolence; but of what avail? We cannot recall our brethren, but must soon follow them.

Of the Senators who entered this Senate in 1871, the genial and enlightened Dr. Little, of JoDaviess, and the ripe jurist and statesman, Gibson, of Gallatin, are no more; their loss was most keenly felt and mourned by the Senate. Senators, we must cheerfully remember their several virtues, and chronicle in our hearts their noble efforts in legislation.

On entering upon the discharge of my duties, it was believed by me, at least, that during the administration of Governor Palmer, the last dollar of the State debt would be paid, and it would have been so paid if the conflagration of Chicago had not been. No one could, at that time, have foreseen that unparalleled calamity, a calamity that astounded the civilized world and called forth its sympathy in a most pleasing form by material aid; a material aid never before bestowed upon a ruined people; and for that sympathy that generous world has our heartfelt and sincere gratitude. And as the State contributed three millions to that city, a sum, in fact, we pledged the canal for, there yet remains the sum of $1,732,000 only of debt, which at one time exceeded $16,000,000, while a million of dollars yet remains in the treasury.

This result, so auspicious to the interests of the people of the State of Illinois, is mainly owing to the indomitable energy and financial ability of Governor Palmer, who has, I am well satisfied, incessantly labored for the good of his constituents in the discharge of his official duties.

Senators, in taking leave of you, allow me to congratulate you and our constituents upon the happy condition of our common country-the United States of America. We have just passed through the rebellion against the Government, which, on historic pages, must be regarded as corresponding with that against the Roman Republic under the elder Brutus. Nearly five hundred years elapsed after that rebellion before Cataline made his appearance to shame the world and damn his country. I must indulge the hope that his parallel will never exhibit his hideous form to ruin our country. In our forms of Government the strength and security of the several States is materially dependent upon the strength of the General Government. It is anarchy that seeks a weaker General Government, or a less rigid administration of that Government. The danger, if any exists in our institutions, is to be feared in the weakness, and not the strength of the Government; disintegration and not centralization. It will not be contended that the rather weak and halting administration of President Buchanan had in any way invaded the rights of States in 1861. It was not to the General Government that traitors ran, but it was from it. They went back to their several disinfected districts to perpetrate the crime of seceding from the General Government. One of the enumerated causes forming the Central Government was to secure domestic tranquility. Prior to its adoption Shay's rebellion in Massachusetts had taught the vital uecessity of a Central Government, and at the very time of its adoption, Connecticut and Rhode Island were on the eve of war about their paper currency.

Virginia and Maryland, as well as Virginia and Pennsylvania, had serious difficulties about their boundaries. To avoid these difficulties and others then apparent, the power to suppress insurrections was bestowed upon Congress without a single limitation,

Pennsylvania first called forth this power, then Rhode Island, and now Louisiana comes in for the exercise of it. Following in the main the course pursued in the case of Rhode Island, as he is now doing, President Grant will constitutionally restore domestic tranquility to the people of Louisiana.

There may be a little danger in the repeated and unjust attacks upon the administration of the Government by local politicians, whereby the confidence of the people may be shaken in the Government itself. This would be a serious injury to the people and the Government; but the danger, if any, is so remote as not to challenge our serious attention. Happily for us, under the wise and patriotic administration of President Grant, this nation, at the expiration of the hundredth year of its existence, will present as it now does the most sublime spectacle the world ever saw-the acomplishment of the fondest hopes and anticipations of its founders-a cheap Government, free institutions, a Nation peaceful, just, united, happy and free.

The local discords in and between the several States were known and provided for in the Constitution, and the occasional occurrence of them and their suppression by the General Government is no cause for alarm, for in no degree do they militate against the perpetuation of our local State Government, or the stability of the General Government. That which must ever prevent improper interference with the States by General Government is, that the law-making power of the General Government is drawn from the States themselves. The citizens of the several States are the law-givers of the United States.

Senators, I thank you from my inmost soul for that fraternal kindness by you and your predecessors so lavishly and unceasingly bestowed upon me in the discharge of my duties as the presiding officer of the Senate, for the fixed attention you have given me while delivering this my valedictory address. And now that my labors are done I bid you, Senators, and officers of the Senate, a kind and lasting farewell, and if it be forever, still fare-you-well.

After which Lieutenant-Governor Beveridge spoke as follows:

Senators: Elected and qualified, it becomes my duty as LieutenantGovernor under the Constitution, to preside over your deliberations. With limited experience in parliamentary usages, I ask your kind forbearance and your generous co-operation in the preservation of order, and in the maintenance of the dignity of the Senate. It shall be my aim to dispatch the public business, to guard sacredly the public interests, to observe faithfully the Constitution and laws of the State, and to enforce rigidly the rules and orders of this house. I shall endeavor to be fair and impartial in my decisions, and courteous to the honorable members and officers, feeling assured that such spirit and conduct will command the respect of all, and invoke among Senators a commendable courtesy, not only in the ordinary routine of legislation, but even in heated debate. May I not indulge the hope of presiding over your deliberations with the ease and dignity that have marked the administration of my distinguished predecessor. I pause upon the threshold to pay tribute to that worthy and excellent man. He has honored his office; he lays down the gavel and retires to the enjoyment of private

and home life, with a heart given in pleasant memories, with years ripe in happy experiences, and listening to the plaudits of a great and grateful people, "well done, good and faithful servant." May his days be lengthened on earth, and all the ways which his feet henceforth shall tread, be smoothed and softened by the loving kindnesses of friends, and by the tender mercies of his and our God.

It may not be improper to anticipate coming events. By the action of the Republican side of the Legislature, the indications are that the State and the citizens will be honored by the Governor elect and qualified, vacating his office to occupy a seat in the Senate chamber of the United States.

In that event, the powers, duties and emoluments of the office for the residue of the term, by virtue of the Constitution, would devolve upon me. I should not hesitate to exercise the powers and perform the duties of that office. I should accept the trust, conscious of the responsibility it imposes and of the power it confers.

As the chief executive of the State, I would strive faithfully, honestly and conscientiously, to enforce every provision of the Constitution, to execute the laws, to preserve public order, to protect the rights of all, in their persons, property and reputation; to promote the material, social, mental, moral and religious interests of the people, and to maintain the dignity and honor of the State.

I would be as quick as any one to resist any invasion of the rights of the State of Illinois; yet I would yield implicit obedience to the National Constitution and laws, while I would uphold and maintain the rights of the State. I would, by every word and act, teach all men and posterity, the supremacy and sovereignty of the United States of America, and I declare here my uncompromising hostility to the doctrine of State sovereignty as superior to the national authority, and my firm belief in the doctrine that the National government is a government of and by the people, and not of and by the State-that the union of the States is dependent upon the existence and supremacy of the National government-and that the only guaranty of republican institutions, to the people of the several States, in State organizations, is found in the charter of that government.

This doctrine of national sovereignty and national union by virtue of that sovereignty, hallowed by the faith and sacrifices of the fathers of the republic, and sealed by the blood and lives of 300,000 patriots, is the lamp to my feet, and the light of my political way.

I want no dissevered States-I want no thirty-sever. nationalities-I want one country, under one form of government, throwing its strong arm of protection and love over and around all its citizens. I want one flag-the flag unfurled by the heroes of '76-the flag flaunted defiantly in Briton's face in 1812; the flag borne by the army across the sands and mountains of Mexico, and planted in the halls of the Montezumas; the flag carried by the navy upon all seas; the flag waved with shouting and in triumph, by our sons and brothers, amid the carnage and smoke, and dust and death of many a battle field. I want that flag to float-forever float, from every spire and hill top, and to stream out across every valley, and out upon every sea, signaling to the nations and peoples of the world, one mighty nation in the west-a nation of wonderful development, of remarkable energy, of unparalleled prosperity-a nation of the brave and free.

Mr. Whiting offered the following resolutions, which, after appropriate remarks by Senators Whiting, Starne, Donahue and Hampton, were unanimously adopted:

Resolved, That we have just now heard with pain and deep concern of the sudden sickness of our late honored presiding officer, the Hon. John Dougherty, which sickness has prevented his presence in this chamber on this interesting occasion, to pronounce in person his farewell address. We trust an Allwise Providence will speedily restore him to health and strength.

Resolved, That Hon. John Dougherty, whose term of office as Lieutenant-Governor has just expired, retires with the confidence, the affection, and grateful recollections of this body, for the constant courtesy, impartiality, integrity and ability with which he has presided over our deliberations; and he will carry with him to his retirement the highest regards of the Senate and the wish of each of its members, that his days may be long in the land, and that they may be as peaceful and happy as his life has been useful, honorable and patriotic.

On motion of Mr. Nicholson,

The following resolution was unanimously adopted:

Resolved by the Senate, That the valedictory of Lieutenant-Governor Dougherty, and the remarks of Lieutenant-Governor Beveridge, on taking the chair, be spread on the journal.

On motion of Mr. Whiting,

At 4:10 P. M., the Senate adjourned.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1873-10 O'Clock A. M.

Senate met, pursuant to adjournment.

Prayer by the Rev. Mr. Rutledge.

The journal of yesterday was being read, when,

On motion of Mr. Nicholson,

The further reading of the same was dispensed with.

Mr. Youngblood offered the following resolution; which was adopted: WHEREAS, by the 13th section of the 6th article of the Constitution of 1870, it is made the duty of this General Assembly to divide the State into judicial circuits, formed of contiguous counties, in as nearly compact form and as nearly equal as circumstances will permit having due regard to business. territory and population; and whereas, by the latter clause of the 31st section of said article, it is made the duty of the judges of the several circuit courts, to report to the General Assembly the number of days they have held court in the several counties composing their respective circuits the preceding two years; and whereas, such information is very desirable, to enable this General Assembly to properly divide the State into judicial circuits; therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate, the House of Representatives concurring herein, That the judges of the several circuit courts in this State, Cook county excepted, be and they are hereby requested, at as early a day as may be practicable, to report to this General Assembly the number of days they have held court in the several counties composing their respective circuits for the preceding two years, and that said reports be forwarded to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House.

And be it further resolved, That upon the passage of this resolution it shall be the duty of the Secre tary of State to immediately forward a copy of the same to each of the circuit judges presiding outside of Cook county.

Mr. Ferrell offered the following resolution; which was adopted:

Resolved, That the Secretary of State be authorized to furnish the Engrossing and Enrolling Clerk of the Senate with all necessary supplies for the use of his department, upon the written order of said Clerk, approved by the committee on contingent expenses of the General Assembly.

Mr. Palmer introduced Senate bill, No. 23, for "An act to amend section one hundred and sixty-nine (169) of an act entitled 'an act for the assessment of property and for the levy of taxes,' in force July 1, A. D. 1872."

Which was read at large a first time, and ordered to second reading. Mr. Early introduced Senate bill, No. 24, for "An act to authorize the board of supervisors to fix the salaries of their clerks."

Which was read at large a first time, and ordered to second reading. Mr. Brooks introduced Senate bill, No. 25, for "An act in relation to grand and petit juries in circuit courts."

Which was read at large a first time, and ordered to second reading.