laws only as a result of long-continued teaching and pressure extending over many generations, and may not be perceptible in the race for a hundred years to come. Our first parents were driven from the Garden of Eden for fear they would become immortal, and their descendants have lost so much ground that only one out of millions is able to reach the physiological limit of life, which certainly should be one hundred years, and possibly one hundred and twenty.-From "Longevity in Our Time,' by Dr. Roger S. Tracy in the May "Century." THE FRANCHISE IN VIRGINIA. The Virginia plan adopts a principle that several other States have put into force, known as the "understanding clause," as a temporary expedient for a short period--that is to say, until January 1, 1904, local registrars may put on a permanent roll of voters all applicants otherwise qualified who are able either to read or to give a "reasonable" explanation of any section of the new Constitution when read to them; this in addition to taxpayers and to old soldiers or their sons. That the general purpose of this clause is to give an opportunity for enrollment to white voters, while excluding illiterate negroes, is not denied by any one. Yet it does not follow, as many people assert, that there is anything radically unfair in this plan. Generally speaking, the illiterate white man possesses greater political capacity than the illiterate negro. The important part of a measure of this kind is not the temporary but the permanent method that it introduces. The permanent plan in Virginia is to be a yearly poll tax of $1.50, besides which each applicant for registration must be able to write his application clearly and without assistance in the presence of the registrar. Quite regardless of any favoritism that may be shown to the white voters, the Southern franchise laws render an excellent service. to the negro race when they require from the negro voters either educational or property qualification, or both. The ballot is of no value whatever to the negro who is not fit to exercise it. The existence of reasonable qualifications as to literacy and property furnishes excellent incentives to progress, valuable on all accounts and harmful on none. The best and wisest friends of the negro race are not worrying themselves at all about new Southern franchise laws. No Southern State has made provisions which exclude the negro of intelligence and property. The Virginia Constitution provides for an improved educational system and advanced methods of control over railroads and other corporations.- From "The Progress of the World," in the "American Monthly Review of Reviews" for May. CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY. A series which should have been named "The Enchantments of our Modern Aladdins," if considered solely from the point of view of romance, is begun in the May "Cosmopolitan." But these sketches possess as well a business interest equally for clerk and capitalist, for manufacturer, farmer and merchant. The man who would understand the drift of our news in finance and business must read these lives, so full of incident, of chance, of hard labor and marvelous success. As it is, the series receives only the commonplace name of "Captains of Industry." Each character is treated by a noted writer familiar with his subject. A MODEL SCHOOL. In Georgia the clubwomen are working against great odds, but with the energy and ability that characterize the modern Southern woman everywhere they are diligently at work raising money for the establishment and maintenance of a model school in the northern part of Georgia. It is designed to make the new school a place where woodcarving, weaving, drawn-work, crocheting, toy-making, pillow-lace making and other handiwork may be taught to provide village industries and profitable occupation for time not otherwise employed in farm life. The clubwomen will work in connection with the county school commissioners of the State, who are deeply interested in the plan. When this model school is established graduates will be sent all over the State as teachers.From "Club Women and Club Life," by Helen M. Winslow, in "The Delineator" for May. CONTENTED SUBMISSION. You have probably heard of that rare old epitaph ending with "Submissive to the heavenly will, his wife keeps on the business still;" a fine development of this necrologic idea appears in the form of an obituary announcement in a foreign print: "This morning was summoned away the jeweler, Siebald Illmaga, from his shop to another and a better world. The undersigned, the widow, will weep upon his tomb, as will also his two daughters, Hilda and Emma, the former of whom is married, and the latter is open to an offer. The funeral will take place to-morrow. His disconsolate widow, Veronique Illmaga. P. S.-This bereavement will not interrupt our employment, which will be carried on as usual; only our place of business will be removed. from as our grasping landlord has raised the rent." to THE PLANTING OF A TREE. Wouldst thou upbuild a home where sweet wild lives are nested, Or wouldst thou rear an arch of noblest grace and splendor, Wouldst thou make day more fair, and night more rich and holy, Go, then, and plant a tree, lovely in sun and shadow, -By Marion Couthony Smith, in May "St. Nicholas." CONCERNING PROCTOR'S THEATRES. The introduction of full orchestras at three of his New York City theatres has added zest to the entertainments and the programmes of intermingled dramatic and vaudeville numbers are greatly enhanced thereby. The souvenirs distributed at the daily matinées are attracting great throngs of lady patrons to the One Hundred and Twentyfifth, Fifty-eighth Street and Newark theatres. Pin trays bearing photographs of Adelaide Keim, Mabel Montgomery, Edna Archer Crawford and Beatrice Morgan, the leading ladies of the Proctor Stock, and of Frederic Bond, general stage director, are now being distributed. Continuous vaudeville will be presented at the Twenty-third Street for several more weeks, and the Fifth Avenue will keep open all summer, presenting the customary bills of dramatic and vaudeville interludes in continuous performance. Mr. Bond and Miss Keim will head the Proctor Stock Co. which opens the summer season at Proctor's, Albany, at an early date. The Stock Co. will have possession of the Fifty-eighth Street and the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street all summer, and Proctor's, Montreal, will, as usual, keep open uninterruptedly, the Stock Co. having sway, with revivals of the best successes of the New York dramatic season. SANITARY SCIENCE. A SYNOPSIS OF SANITARY SCIENCES AS REPRESENTED IN THE SANITARIAN, ALPHABETICALLY.* BY THE EDITOR. Elkinton, Thomas, Heating and Ventilating Public Buildings, xxiii, 306. Eller, Max F., Medical Jurisprudence of the Romans, vi, 400. Ellis, Hon. E. J., and the National Board of Health, S. E. Chaillé, X, 193. Elmira Reformatory, Charles Dudley Warner, xxxiii, 473; The New Superintendent, xlvi, 443. Elmira's Epidemic of Typhoid Fever, xxxvi, 457. Elsner, H. L., Vagaries of Croupous Pneumonia, xxxix, 29; Treatment of Asthenia, in Pneumonia, xliii, 29. Embalming, xxiii, 65. Emery, Z. T., Prevention of Cholera, xxix, 289; Reappointment of, Health Commissioner, xxxvi, 189. Emetic, A Living, xxv, 48. Emigrants, Assisted, xi, 427. Emigrants, Existing Methods of Dealing with, C. N. Hewitt, xxvii, 512. Emigrants, Sanitary Inspection of at Points of Departure, xxix, 270. Emigration, Excessive, and the Unsanitary Condition of Emigrant Vessels, xxi, 507. Emigration, How Smallpox is Spread by, x, 174. Emigrant Passengers, Protection of, x, 509. Emigrant Ships, Deadly, xix, 70. Emotion, Cured by, xxv, 192. Employment and Health, Charles Stephenson, xxx, 426. Empress, The Dowager, and the Anti-Foreign Movement, xlv, 282. Empyema, Surgical Treatment of, xxvii, 350; Munro, xliii, 30. Encaustic Tiles, The Sanitary Bearings of, v, 468. Encephalocele Successfully Removed, xxiv, 479. Endemann, H., Warming and Ventilation, ii, 20; Peroxide of Hydrogen, xxxiv, 165. *Continued from previous number. Endemic and Epidemic Diseases, J. Jones, xix, 211. Endometritis, Chronic, xxv, 270; Tollemex, xlvi, 154. Enforcement of Quarantine, S. H. Shoppin, viii, 80. England, Village Life in, Some Conditions of, xlii, 37. English Climate and Character, x, 425. English Ivy, iii, 267. English, An Italian Hotel Keeper's, xi, 406. English as She is Wrote, G. H. Westley, xxi, 241. Ensilage for Dairy, xiii, 25. Enteric Fever, Discussion on, xxvii, 537. Enteric Fever, Water-borne, The Prevention of, Parkes and Rideal, xlvi, 395. Entero-Colitis, Acute, Treatment of, Alexander Briggs, xxxix, 53. Entero-Colitis and Dysentery, xlv, 146. Enthusiast, An, Dr. Parkhurst, xxxvi, 95. Entombment, Sanitary, C. R. Treat, xxiii, 519. Envelope, Lick the, xliv, 60. Epidemic, What Constitutes an, Benj. Lee, xlv, 508. EPIDEMIC DISEASES, THEIR ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS AND THE MEANS NECESSARY FOR THEIR CONTROL. A. N. Bell. "It can hardly be regarded as any longer an open question in the United States that it is the first duty of every physician, on recognizing a case of epidemic disease, to report it to the sanitary authority. But it is the misfortune of some rare communities to have individuals in their midst who, by resistance to the practical application of this knowledge, abet and encourage the existence of epidemic diseases under the pretext of maintaining private rights. To meet possible obstacles from this, or any other, cause, it appears to your reporter eminently proper that the duty of reporting epidemic diseases, and vaccination for the prevention of smallpox, should be placed upon the same plane as all other duties which |