Forbes v. Eden. case of Forbes v. Eden (d), which will be more fully mentioned in the next chapter. Primus of the Before the distinction of archbishop was introduced into ScotEpiscopalian land, one of the bishops had a precedency under the title of Primus Scotorum Episcopus; and the Synod of 1838, in compliance with the practice of the Episcopal College for the last century, decreed that the bishops should choose a primus without respect to seniority of consecration or precedency of diocese, who should enjoy no other privilege among the bishops but the right, under particular restrictions, " of convocating" and presiding. But he is empowered, with the advice and consent of his colleagues, to determine any case relating to discipline in a vacant diocese, and to provide for the performance of any episcopal office that may be necessary. To the primus also the decease of every bishop must be notified by the dean of the diocese. This dean is chosen from the presbyters, and his appointment is imperative on every bishop. Synod. Representative church council. Bishopric of conferred on Letters patent. The synod consists of two chambers: the first, of the bishops only; the second, of the deans and a representative of the clergy elected by each diocese. There are seven sees :—1. Edinburgh. 2. St. Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane. 3. Aberdeen. 4. Argyle and The Isles. 5. Brechin. 6. Glasgow and Galloway. 7. Moray and Ross. Besides the synod there is now a representative church council consisting of bishops, clergy and lay representatives, established in 1876. In the year 1863, Dr. Trower, a priest by ordination of an English bishop, a bishop by consecration of the Scotch bishops, was appointed by the crown to the episcopal see of Gibraltar. In this case the Archbishop of Canterbury, to whose metropolitan see the bishopric of Gibraltar is subject, gave "due and canonical mission" to the Bishop of Gibraltar so appointed by letters patent. The letters patent were as follows: "Victoria by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland queen, defender of the faith, To all to whom these presents shall come greeting: Whereas, by our letters patent under the great seal of our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the 21st day of August in the year of our Lord 1842, we did found and create a bishop's see within our town and territory of Gibraltar, and did constitute the church of the Holy Trinity' within our said town of Gibraltar to be the cathedral church of the said see, and did ordain that the whole town of Gibraltar should henceforth be a city and be called the city of Gibraltar,' and did ordain, make, constitute and declare the said city and all the territory comprised in our said possession of Gibraltar and its dependencies to be the diocese of the Bishop of Gibraltar and of his successors, and did likewise place under the spiritual and ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the said bishop and his successors and of his officers named in the said letters patent all churches, chapels and (d) L. R., 1 S. & D. p. 568. Vide infra, p. 1789. other places within our island of Malta and its dependencies which then were or might thereafter be founded, set apart or used for the service of Almighty God according to the ritual of the united Church of England and Ireland, and more especially the church founded by the pious munificence of our dearlybeloved aunt Adelaide, the queen dowager, in the city of Valetta, and did name and appoint our well-beloved George Tomlinson, doctor in divinity, to be ordained and consecrated bishop of the said see and whereas the said George Tomlinson was duly ordained and consecrated bishop of the said see: and whereas the said George Tomlinson is now dead and the said see of Gibraltar has thereby become and now is vacant; now we, having great confidence in the learning, morals and probity of our wellbeloved The Right Reverend Walter John Trower, doctor in divinity and bishop, do name and appoint him to be bishop of the said see of Gibraltar for the term of his natural life, subject nevertheless to the right of resignation in the aforesaid letters patent expressed and do hereby signify to The Most Reverend Father in God Charles Thomas by Divine Providence Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all England and Metropolitan, our nomination of the said Walter John Trower to be the bishop of the said see and diocese: and whereas the said Right Reverend Walter John Trower has been already duly canonically ordained and consecrated a bishop, and cannot therefore be ordained and consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, we do hereby expressly declare that so much of our said letters patent as require the Bishop of Gibraltar to be consecrated and ordained by the said Archbishop of Canterbury shall be and are hereby revoked, abrogated and of none effect so far as they would or might otherwise in any way affect the appointment of the said Right Reverend Walter John Trower to the bishopric of Gibraltar and we do require and by the faith and love whereby he is bound to us command the said Most Reverend Father in God the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury to administer to the said Right Reverend Walter John Trower the usual oaths of allegiance and supremacy and the oath of due and canonical obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being as his metropolitan and we do direct that after the said oaths shall have been so administered and taken the same shall be recorded in the Registry of the Court of the Vicar General together with the due and canonical mission from the said archbishop to the said Right Reverend Walter John Trower to be the bishop of the said see and diocese, and diligently to do and perform all other things appertaining to his office in this behalf with effect and we do ordain and declare that the said Right Reverend Walter John Trower, so by us nominated and appointed, may by virtue of such nomination, appointment and mission enter into and possess the said bishop's see as bishop thereof without let or impediment from us, our heirs or successors, and in as full and ample a manner in every respect, and with the same rights, titles, powers, privileges and obligations as Form of giving due and canonical mission. Notarial act. Bishops in United States. Colonial bishops. his predecessor enjoyed and was subject to, as upon reference to "C. ROMILLY." The form of giving due and canonical mission by the archbishop was as follows: "We, Charles Thomas, by divine providence Archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England and metropolitan, in obedience to the command contained in certain letters-patent of her most gracious Majesty Victoria by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland queen, defender of the faith, bearing date the 12th day of September in the 27th year of her reign, appointing you the Right Reverend Walter John Trower, doctor in divinity and bishop, to be bishop of the see and diocese of Gibraltar, having duly administered to you the usual oaths of allegiance and supremacy, and also the oath of due and canonical obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury, for the time being, as your metropolitan, and you the said right reverend the bishop having taken the oaths so as aforesaid prescribed: Now we, the archbishop aforesaid, as your metropolitan, do give you the Right Reverend Walter John Trower the bishop aforesaid due and canonical mission to be bishop of the said see and diocese of Gibraltar; and do direct the said oaths, together with the due and canonical mission from us as aforesaid, to be recorded in the registry of the court of our vicar-general. "C. T. CANTUAR." The notarial act which recorded the proceedings is to be found in the registry of the vicar-general. From the Church in Scotland came the first consecration of a bishop for the United States of America (d). The church in Scotland has since taken part in the extension of the colonial episcopate, having founded the bishopric of St. John, Kaffraria (e). (d) Vide infra, p. 1771. (e) Vide infra, pp. 1775, 1776. CHAPTER III. CHURCH IN THE COLONIES. SECT. 1.-History of the Establishment and Organization of the 2.-General Status of the Church in the Colonies. 4.-Church in Canada and other Colonies. SECT. 1.-History of the Establishment and Organization of the America. THE extension of the Church of England beyond the seas began in the early age of English colonization. Virginia was the first In North land which it reached; and Thomas Hariot, a graduate of Oxford, who, as a mathematician and astronomer, accompanied Sir W. Raleigh, in 1584, has been called the first English missionary to the New World. The charters granted by James the First to the Virginia Company were accompanied by orders for preaching the word of God according to the rites and doctrines of the Church of England, both "in the colonies and among the savages bordering upon them." At Jamestown, in Virginia, the first English church was built by the Rev. R. Hunt about 1607. Tithes, glebes and other provision for the clergy were made in Virginia by the local legislature. There it was that King William and Queen Mary erected the college which was called after them, and thither an ecclesiastical commissary, the Rev. J. Blair, was sent in their reign. In Maryland, in 1692, the local assembly provided a legal maintenance for parochial clergymen, and the Rev. T. Bray was sent thither as Bishop Compton's commissary at that time. These two colonies were not, however, the only places in which clergymen of the Church of England went to minister to con- In West (a) For the sketch in this section the author, who made some very slight alterations, was indebted to the Rev. W. T. Bullock, then secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. To the original sketch has now been added the summary from the Jubilee Report in 1891 at Indies. Order in Council placing British subjects abroad under jurisdiction of Bishop of London. Early gregations of their fellow-countrymen in foreign parts: but there only and in some of the West Indian Islands they were found in sufficient numbers to lead to any local attempt at organization. All British subjects in foreign parts were declared by an order in council in the time of Charles I. to be under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London as their diocesan. When the office for the ministry of baptism to adults was inserted in the Prayer Book in 1662, one of the reasons assigned in the preface for it was that it may be always useful for the baptising of natives in our plantations (b). The credit of the first attempt to organize effectually the Church abroad is due to Archbishop organization. Laud, who proposed, in 1638, to send a bishop to New England; and the next to Lord Clarendon, who obtained the sanction of Charles II. to a proposal for a bishop of Virginia. These and many subsequent efforts to supply the first necessity for church organization were frustrated by the opposition of parties acting upon mixed political and religious grounds. The multiplication of ministers went on in the colonies. The merely casual supply from home was unequal to the demand. The "New England Company," as it is now called, was founded by an Act of the Long Parliament in 1649 for the propagation of the gospel in New England: an endowment was provided for it by parochial collections in England and Wales. After the Restoration it was incorporated by charter 14 Charles II. 1662-3, when Clarendon and R. Boyle were appointed among its governors. Its endowments, which are very considerable, are regulated by three decrees in Chancery (in the years 1792, 1808 and 1836), and are now applicable to two objects: to promoting and propagating the Gospel of Christ among the heathen nations in what was formerly called New England (between 40° and 48° north latitude) and parts adjacent in America, and to advancing the Christian religion among Indians, Blacks and Pagans in some or one of the British plantations and colonies. The ministers supported by this Company have always been chiefly though not exclusively selected from other denominations than the Church of England. Society for After some discussion in the Convocation of Canterbury, and the Propaga- without parliamentary sanction, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (c) was founded by charter from tion of the Gospel. (b) "Together with an office for the baptism of such as are of riper years; which, although not so necessary when the former book was compiled, yet by the growth of anabaptism, through the licentiousness of the late times crept in amongst us, is now become necessary, and may be always useful for the baptizing of natives in our plantations and others converted to the faith."-Preface to the Book of Common Prayer. (c) Vide supra, pp. 1741-1745. In 1840, the Act 3 & 4 Vict. c. 78, to provide for the sale and distribution of the clergy reserves in Canada, ordered, by s. 5, that the share of the Church of England should be expended under the authority of this society. |