"That for the managing and conducting the affairs of the said incorporated society there shall be a standing committee, and that such committee shall consist of the president and of the vice-presidents, and of sixteen other members of the society, together with such one other member of the society as shall, for the time being, be appointed to fill the office of treasurer of the said society.

"That one-fourth part in number of the said sixteen committee-men shall annually vacate their offices in regular rotation, unless by death, or voluntary resignations, any other vacancies shall have been occasioned since the last general annual meeting; in which case so many only of the four persons next in rotation shall be required to resign, or vacate their said offices, as shall be sufficient, with the vacancies occasioned by death or voluntary resignation, to create or make four vacancies in the whole in the said committee of sixteen; and that any of the said committee-men so vacating their offices by rotation shall be capable of being immediately re-elected as committee-men by the society at large, in manner hereinafter mentioned; and accordingly, for the purpose of such election, that lists shall be formed by the president and vice-presidents for the time being, or the major part of them, of persons in their opinions fit to be elected members of such committee; which last-mentioned lists shall contain twice as many names as shall be then vacancies to be filled, whether such vacancies shall be occasioned by members of the committee vacating their offices in the manner hereinbefore mentioned, or by deaths, or voluntary resignations, since the last election; and that out of such lists so many persons as shall be necessary to supply the vacancies then existing in the said committee shall be elected and chosen by the members of the said society, present at their annual general meeting, or the major part of them, by such mode of voting or ballot as the said committee for the time being, or the major part of them, shall prescribe.

"That for the purpose of such election, and for the election of auditors of the accounts, and for receiving the reports, and for other the affairs of the said society, a general meeting of the said society shall be holden at such place as the committee, or the major part of them, shall appoint in the month of May or June in every year, and that due notice shall be given of the time and place of such meeting, at least fourteen days previous to the day of meeting, by advertising in some or one of the public newspapers published daily in the cities of London and Westminster.

"That the treasurer of the said society shall be chosen and appointed by such of the members of the committee for the time being as shall be present at a meeting to be holden for that purpose, or the major part of them; and that such treasurer for the time being shall, by virtue of his office, be a member of the said committee.

"That the said committee for the time being, or the major part of them, shall have full power and authority to frame, appoint, order, and make all such laws, rules, regulations, constitutions and ordinances, not being repugnant to the laws of this kingdom, or to the express provisions of this charter, as to the said committee, or the major part of them, shall from time to time seem expedient for the management and government of the said society, and for carrying into effect the designs thereof; and shall have the sole management, control, and disposition of the estates, funds, revenues, and other property belonging to the said society; and shall have the power of affixing the common seal of the said society, or directing it to be affixed, to such instruments as the said committee, or the major part of them, shall think fit; and shall have the sole control over and appointment of all officers, agents, or servants whom it may be thought expedient to employ in the service of the said society, or in any of the concerns relating thereto: provided, that such laws, rules, regulations, constitutions, and ordinances so to be made by the said committee, or the major part of them, shall not be of any force or effect unless the same shall be approved, ratified and confirmed by the members of the said committee, or the major part of them, who shall be present at the next meeting of the said committee after the same shall have first been made."

Regulations.

Laws and regulations have been framed under the charter. In all schools united to the society the following clause is Trust deed. required to be inserted in the trust deed thereof.

66

And it is hereby declared that the said school shall always be in union with and conducted accordingly to the principles and in furtherance of the ends and designs of the incorporated national society for promoting the education of the poor in the principles of the established church throughout England and Wales" (e).

Christian

The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge has never Society for been incorporated. It is, however, one of the oldest church Promoting societies, having been founded in A.D. 1698; and the members Knowledge. thereof contributed largely to the foundation and incorporation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and of the National Society.

The original preamble to which all members subscribed their names was as follows:-" Whereas the growth of vice and immorality is greatly owing to gross ignorance of the principles of the Christian religion, we, whose names are under written, do agree to meet together as often as we can conveniently, to consult (under the conduct of divine providence and assistance) how we may be able, by due and lawful methods, to promote Christian knowledge.

The Corporation of the Church House was founded in the Corporation of

(e) Vide supra, p. 1625; and the act 23 Vict. c. 11, s. 2, there quoted.

the Church House.

Charter.

year 1887 as a memorial of the Jubilee of her Majesty's reign.
The scheme of a Church House was first suggested by Sir
Robert Phillimore, the writer of this work, in letters written to
The Guardian in 1865.

The Church House was incorporated by Royal Charter on Feb. 23, 1888. It is governed by a council consisting of the following ex-officio members: the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancellor, the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of London, the Dean of Westminster, and the Prolocutors of the Lower Houses of the Convocations of Canterbury and York respectively, and of nine members elected from among the members of the corporation by the members of the corporation.

PART X.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN RELATION TO
OTHER CHURCHES.

CHAPTER I.

CHURCH IN IRELAND.

The churches

one church.

THE fifth article of the Act for the Union of Ireland with Great 39 & 40 Geo. 3, Britain (39 & 40 Geo. 3, c. 67) enacts, "That it be the fifth c. 67. article of union, That the churches of England and Ireland, as of England now by law established, be united into one protestant episcopal and Ireland to church, to be called, The United Church of England and be united into Ireland; and that the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government of the said united church shall be, and shall remain in full force for ever, as the same are now by law established for the church of England; and that the continuance and preservation of the said united church, as the established church of England and Ireland, shall be deemed and taken to be an essential and fundamental part of the union; and that in like manner the doctrine, worship, discipline, and government of the church of Scotland, shall remain and be preserved as the same are now established by law, and by the acts for the union of the two kingdoms of England and Scotland."

In the first year of George II., an act was passed to enable archbishops, bishops, and other ecclesiastical persons, to grant their patronage or right of presentation to small livings to such persons as shall augment the same.

In 1836, an act was passed to amend the last foregoing statute Early acts of and to encourage the building of chapels of ease in Ireland (a). imperial legislature as In 1812, an act was passed to enable coadjutors to archbishops to Irish and bishops in Ireland to execute the powers of archbishops and Church. bishops respectively, for all purposes but that of presenting and collating to benefices, and in all cases except such as concerned royal privileges or prerogatives (b).

On the 21st June, 1824, an act was passed to consolidate and (a) 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 31.

(b) 52 Geo. 3, c. 62.

3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 37.

amend the laws for enforcing the residence of spiritual persons on their benefices; to restrain spiritual persons from carrying on trade or merchandise; and for the support and maintenance of stipendiary curates in Ireland (e).

On the 14th August, 1833, an act-The Irish Church Temporalities Act (3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 37), was passed, effecting a very extensive alteration in the temporalities of the Irish Church. 4 & 5 Will. 4, This act was subsequently amended by one (4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 90) which passed on the 15th August in the ensuing year.

c. 90.

Organization

in Ireland

before Irish Church

Act.

The Church of Ireland was, until the passing of the Irish of the church Church Temporalities Act, under the control of four archbishops, one for each of the four provinces of Ireland, and named from the cities of Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam, in which the archiTemporalities episcopal sees are situated. The Archbishop of Armagh, now universally recognized as first in rank, though his right to that station was long disputed by the Archbishop of Dublin, is styled Primate and Metropolitan of all Ireland; the Archbishop of Cashel, Primate and Metropolitan of Munster; and the Archbishop of Tuam, Primate and Metropolitan of Connaught. The four archiepiscopal provinces were subdivided into thirty-two dioceses, which were consolidated and united under eighteen bishops. The dioceses in Armagh province were those of Armagh (holden by the archbishop), Clogher, Meath, Down and Connor united, Derry, Raphoe, Kilmore, Dromore, and Ardagh united to Tuam. There were, therefore, seven bishops in this province, suffragan to the Archbishop of Armagh. The province of Dublin was subdivided into the dioceses of Dublin and Glandelagh united, Kildare, Ossory, and Leighlin and Ferns united. The Archbishop of Dublin had, therefore, three suffragan bishops under him. The province of Cashel contained the dioceses of Cashel and Emly united, Limerick united with Ardfert and Aghadoe, Waterford united with Lismore, Cork united with Ross, Cloyne, and Killaloe united with Kilfenora. The number of suffragan bishops in this province was five. The province of Tuam comprehended the dioceses of Tuam, Elphin, Confert united with Kilmacduagh, and Killala united with Achonry. There were, therefore, three bishops in this province suffragan to the Archbishop of Tuam.

3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 37, and

c.

This arrangement was considerably altered by the 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 37, and 4 & 5 Will. 4, c. 90, cited above; according 4.95 Will. 4, to the provisions of which, the hierarchy was to consist of two archbishops only, those of Armagh and Dublin; the two others being reduced to the rank of bishops. The eighteen suffragan bishops were to be reduced by the consolidation of the dioceses to ten, five under each archbishop. The new arrangement was to be effected gradually on the demise of the several bishops whose sees were to be united to others. When completed, the

(c) See 5 Geo. 4, c. 91: this answers to the act 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106, for England.