all the States of Central India. In cases where the concession is not provided for by existing regulations, it could probably be secured without difficulty by application to the political officer of the State in question. There appear to be no rules for the treatment of commercial travellers' samples in the other Native States of India. The Government of India possesses a discretionary power to prevent any foreigner from residing, or sojourning in, or travelling through, India, including Native States, without its consent, and a proviso reserving such power is attached to commercial treaties to which the Government adheres.

Commercial Associations.-There are Chambers of Commerce in the ports of Calcutta, Bombay, Karachi, Madras, Rangoon, and Cochin. Their schedules of commission charges for various services can be obtained on application. There is also a Chamber of Commerce in the Native State of Kathiawar. The Upper India Chamber of Commerce is located at Cawnpore.

The following list of other commercial associations may be useful for reference. Calcutta: Royal Exchange; Bengal Bonded Warehouse Association; and Calcutta Trades' Association. Bombay: Bombay Cotton Trade Association; Bombay Mill Owners' Association; and Bombay Underwriters' Association. Madras: Madras Import Freights Association; Madras Trades' Association. Rangoon : Rangoon Trades' Association.

Consuls. The interests of India in foreign countries are represented by British Consuls. England, being the paramount power in India, has no consular representation there. The United States has the following consular officers: Calcutta-ConsulGeneral and Deputy-Consul-General, Esplanade Road. Bombay— Consul, Apollo Bunder. Rangoon-Consul. There are also American consular agents at Madras, Karachi, Moulmein, and Chittagong. The appointment of foreign Consuls is restricted to the seaport towns of the provinces under the direct administration of the Government of India, and a stipulation attached to commercial treaties provides for this.

Advertising Mediums. As English is universally taught, a large number of natives read the, papers printed in that language, and therefore the numerous dailies in English are useful for appealing not only to Anglo-Indians, but also to educated natives. The leading organs are as follows:

Calcutta Englishman, Indian Daily News, and Statesman and

Friend of India.

Bombay Times of India and Bombay Gazette.

:

Madras: Madras Mail and Madras Times.

Allahabad: Pioneer.

Lahore Civil and Military Gazette.

Rangoon Rangoon Gazette and Rangoon Times.

Advertisements in native papers may serve to bring foreign manufacturers into direct connection with Indian dealers, and so facilitate the introduction of foreign goods.

Among special journals are: Calcutta-The Indian Agriculturist, The Indian Planters' Gazette, The Indian Engineer, Indian Engineering, and Capital. Bombay-The Indian Textile Journal and Indian Import and Export Trades Journal. London-British-Indian Commerce.

Suitability of Goods and Packing.-It is of great importance that goods sent to India should be adapted to native requirements in quality, shape, colour, style, pattern, and price. They must also be adapted to native prejudices. Cheapness is a prime necessity in most articles of general consumption. Many articles made on the continent of Europe (hardware and cutlery, glass and glassware, etc.) have secured a sale owing to their cheapness. In consequence of wide variations in temperature and rainfall, good packing is essential to resist heat, damp, and vermin. Goods liable to injury from these causes, such as textile fabrics, hardware and cutlery, leather goods, furniture, etc., should not be stored for a long period in India. It is advisable that machinery should be imported in the dry season.

Openings for Capital.-Fluctuations in exchange long hindered the free investment of capital in India; but now that the rupee is fairly established at the rate of 15 rupees to the pound sterling, India has become entitled to the serious attention of capitalists who desire sound industrial investments and not mere speculative business. The cotton and jute manufactures, already conducted on a large scale, offer scope for still further development. Sugar and tobacco are produced in large quantities, but both require the application of the latest scientific processes of cultivation and manufacture. Oilseeds might be crushed in India instead of being exported, while cotton-seed, as yet imperfectly utilized, can be turned to good account. Hides and skins, now largely exported raw, might be

more largely tanned or dressed in India. Again, the woollen and silk fabrics manufactured in India are mostly coarse fabrics, and there is scope for the production of finer goods. Although railways make their own rolling-stock, they have to import wheels and axles, tyres, and other ironwork. At present steel is manufac tured on a very small scale, and the number of iron foundries and machine shops, although increasing, is capable of greater expansion. Machinery and machine tools have for the most part to be imported. Millions of agriculturists and artisans use rude tools, which might be replaced by similar articles that are more durable and of better make. Improved oil-presses and hand-looms should find a profitable market. Paper mills and flour mills might be established in greater numbers. There are openings also for the manufacture of sewingmachines, fireworks, rope, boots and shoes, saddlery and harness, clocks and watches, aniline and alizarine dyes, electrical appliances, glass and glassware, tea-chests, gloves, rice, starch, matches, lamps, candles, soap, linen, hardware, and cutlery.

Official:

WORKS OF REFERENCE.

Annual Statement of the Trade and Navigation of British India: Vol. I., Foreign Trade. Price about 4s. 6d. (Vol. II. relates to Coasting Trade.)

Review of the Trade of India (annual), about 4d.

Tables relating to the Trade of British India (annual), about 1s. Statistical Abstract relating to British India (annual), about 1s. 6d.

(These three volumes are issued in London as Parliamentary Blue-books.)

The Sea-Customs Act, about 2s.

The Indian Merchandise Marks Act, about 7d.

The Petroleum Act, about 8d.

Dictionary of the Economic Products of India, by Dr. G. Watt, C.I.E., 9 vols. with index, £3 6s.

(All the above may be obtained from Messrs. P. S. King and Co., Westminster, London, S.W.)

Non-Official:

Thacker's Indian Directory (Calcutta).

Times of India Directory (Bombay).

Asylum Press Almanack (Madras).
Burma Directory and Diary (Rangoon).

INDEX