statements. The values are the wholesale values at the places of import or export, after deducting trade discount. Duty is not included in the value of dutiable goods. The trade returns are those of 'general' trade, 'special' trade not being distinguished; but foreign goods re-exported are shown separately from exports of Indian produce and manufactures. Transhipments are not included. Nearly two-thirds of the trade of India is with Europe, but during ten years there has been no progress, for though imports from Europe have grown, exports thereto have steadily fallen. The Asiatic trade has progressed, especially in exports, and is now nearly one-fourth of the total. Exports to Africa, America, and Australia tend to increase. The United Kingdom has become less important both as a central mart for Indian produce and as a depot for the export of Continental goods to India, owing chiefly to the establishment of direct steamship services, which save foreigners freight and agency charges. Nevertheless, the entrepot trade remains considerable, especially in jute, jute goods, and tea. Although British Indian trade has declined, partly through the falling off in emporium business, Great Britain still sends about 70 per cent. of India's imported merchandise, and takes nearly 30 per cent. of the exports of Indian merchandise. China comes second in the list, mainly owing to her large imports of Indian opium and cotton yarn. The China trade is, on the whole, unprogressive. As regards European countries, the development of German, Belgian, and Austro-Hungarian trade with India must be noted. It is due to the industrial progress made by these countries and to the establishment of direct steamers. Germany sends sugar, hardware and cutlery, salt, woollen goods, and a variety of cheap wares, and takes an increasing quantity of Indian produce. Imports from Belgium are mainly metals, dyes, and glass, but she purchases much less from India than Germany does. The trade with Austria-Hungary has steadily grown, largely on account of sugar imports, stimulated by bounties, while apparel, cotton and woollen goods, and glass and glassware are taken by India in growing quantities. Trade with Italy and France lacks elasticity. In brief, we may say that European countries show progress in their sales to India of apparel, cotton and woollen goods, glass and glassware, dyes, sugar, hardware and cutlery, and metals, while they take from India increasing quantities of raw cotton, rice, raw hides, oilseeds, jute, and wheat. Trade with the United States, though increasing, is as yet comparatively small. Petroleum forms the chief item in VALUE OF IMPORTS OF PRIVATE MERCHANDISE FROM PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES INTO BRITISH INDIA IN POUNDS STERLING. Countries. EUROPE: Belgium France Germany Holland Italy United Kingdom.. 33,531,000 30,970,000 31,355,000 32,502,000 32,451,000 Austria-Hungary 992,000 1,432,000 1,619,000 1,589,000 2,091,000 1,602,000 1,523,000 1,487,000 1,224,000 1,620,000 613,000 588,000 688,000 684,000 739,000 1,538,000 1,623,000 1,152,000 1,123,000 1,735,000 160,000 193,000 235,000 207,000 287,000 310,000 333,000 374,000 493,000 551,000 1,346,000 1,387,000 1,369,000 1,601,000 1,893,000 128,000 148,000 128,000 186,000 196,000 40,220,000 38,197,000 38,407,000 39,609,000 41,563,000 Russia Other Countries. Straits Settlements 1,228,000 1,606,000 1,337,000 1,290,000 1,545,000 Turkey in Asia AFRICA: Egypt Mauritius Zanzibar Other Countries AMERICA: United States AUSTRALASIA Total 261,000 194,000 97,000 293,000 363,000 138,000 368,000 192,000 178,000 167,000 4,852,000 5,402,000 4,478,000 4,942,000 5,981,000 133,000 1,127,000 84,000 147,000 199,000 1,205,000 122,000 1,306,000 1,099,000 1,613,000 137,000 104,000 156,000 163,000 116,000 35,000 48,000 30,000 44,000 27,000 1,510,000 1,401,000 1,576,000 1,453,000 1,955,000 978,000 954,000 908,000 828,000 833,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 18,000 1,000 979,000 955,000 909,000 846,000 834,000 302,000 223,000 217,000 291,000 519,000 47,863,000 46,178,000 45,587,000 47,141,000 50,852,000 す VALUE OF IMPORTS OF PRIVATE MERCHANDISE FROM PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES INTO BRITISH INDIA IN DOLLARS. United Kingdom 167,655,000 154,850,000 156,775,000 162,510,000 162,255,000 Austria-Hun 8,675,000 4,960,000 7,160,000 8,095,000 7,945,000 10,455,000 7,690,000 1,550,000 6,730,000 8,005,000 1,435,900 201,100,000 190,985,000 192,030,000 198,045,000 207,815,000 455,000 510,000 385,000 495,000 555,000 1,650,000 1,665,000 1,480,000 2,695,000 1,895,000 2,275,000 3,570,000 2,340,000 2,050,000 2,525,000 4,735,000 4,310,000 3,835,000 3,675,000 5,340,000 2,430,000 1,330,000 1,810,000 1,650,000 3,150,000 Ports Japan ... Straits Settle ments Turkey in Asia 1,305,000 970,000 485,000 1,465,000 1,815,000 Other Countries 690,000 1,840,000| 965,000 890,000 835,000 24,260,000 27,010,000 22,395,000 24,710,000 VALUE OF EXPORTS (NOT INCLUDING RE-EXPORTS) OF PRIVATE MERCHANDISE TO PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES FROM BRITISH INDIA IN POUNDS STERLING. United Kingdom 21,098,000 19,464,000 21,337,000 20,589,000 20,918,000 Belgium ASIA: Aden ... Arabia 2,035,000 2,019,000 3,161,000 2,274,000 2,365,000 82,000 111,000 162,000 290,000 121,000 84,000 147,000 36,854,000 33,732,000 39,420,000 35,811,000 38,168,000 523,000 566,000 710,000 590,000 437,000 523,000 575,000 865,000 453,000 453,000 2,073,000 2,665,000 2,805,000 2,785,000 3,193,000 5,501,000 5,039,000 5,294,000 5,300,000 5,282,000 3,620,000 3,016,000 3,178,000 4,077,000 2,547,000 2,717,000 2,772,000 3,477,000 4,224,000 1,390,000 278,000 361,000 470,000 244,000 344,000 Straits Settlements 3,339,000 2,862,000 3,763,000 3,662,000 4,572,000 Turkey in Asia Japan ... Other Countries ... AFRICA: Abyssinia... 344,000 310,000 365,000 273,000 373,000 402,000 229,000 224,000 216,000 447,000 19,320,000 18,396,000 21,151,000 21,824,000 19,038,000 114,000 55,000 171,000 109,000 54,000 226,000 195,000 178,000 194,000 190,000 3,236,000 2,632,000 4,565,000 3,581,000 3,002,000 Cape Colony Egypt Mauritius Natal 246,000 118,000 3,209,000 3,916,000 3,589,000 5,077,000 4,811,000 957,000 1,141,000 850,000 1,053,000 876,000 146,000 113,000 170,000 164,000 175,000 4,312,000 5,170,000 4,609,000 6,294,000 5,862,000 786,000 824,000 855,000 1,065,000 1,274,000 66,587,000 62,524,000 72,900,000 70,456,000 69,470,000| VALUE OF EXPORTS (NOT INCLUDING RE-EXPORTS) OF PRIVATE MERCHANDISE TO PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES FROM BRTIISH INDIA United Kingdom 105,490,000 97,320,000 106,685,000 102,945,000 104,590,000 Austria Hungary... ... 8,320,000 7,005,000 6,955,000 5,670,000 9,025,000 10,175,000 10,095,000 15,805,000 11,370,000 11,825,000 21,185,000 18,755,000 26,055,000 22,175,000 19,940,000 25,120,000 23,940,000 27,485,000 25,045,000 30,690,000 1,575,000 1,420,000 1,565,000 9,045,000 10,210,000 995,000 Belgium ... Italy 1,990,000 10,090,000 Russia 855,000 365,000 415,000 410,000 810,000 555,000 1,450,000 605,000 420,000 735,000 184,270,000 168,660,000 197,100,000 179,055,000 190,840,000 2,615,000 2,830,000 3,550,000 2,950,000 2,185,000 2,615,000 2,880,000 4,325,000 2,265,000 2,265,000 10,365,000 13,325,000 14,025,000 13,925,000 15,965,000 27,505,000 25,195,000 26,470,000 26,500,000 26,410,000 18,100,000 15,080.000 15,890,000 20,385,000 12,735,000 13,585,000 13,860,000 17,385,000 21,120,000 6,950,000 1,390,000 1,805,000 2,350,000 1,220,000 1,720,000 16,695,000 14,310,000 18,815,000 18,310,000 22,860,000 1,720,000 1,550,000 1,825,000 1,365,000| 1,865,000 2,010,000 1,145,000 1,120,000 1,080,000 2,235,000 96,600,000 91,980,000 105,755,000 109,120,000 95,190,000 570,000 275.000 855,000 545,000 270,000 1,130,000 975,000 890,000 970,000 950,000 16,180,000 13,160,000 22,825,000 17,905,000 15,010,000 3,755,000 3,745,000 4,235,000 3,240,000 4,175,000 870,000 1,225,000 1,190,000 1,230,000 United States... 16,045,000 19,580,000 17,945,000 25,385,000 24,055,000 4,785,000 5,705,000 4,250,000 5,265,000 4,380,000 730,000 565,000 850,000 820,000 875,000 21,560,000 25,850,000 23,045,000 31,470,000 29,300,000 3,930,000 4,120,000 4,275,000 5,325,000 6,370,000 Total 332,935,000 312,620,000 364,500,000 352,280,000 347,350,000| ... |