Collegiate Churches of be Cathedrals of these two new Sees. How the St. Asaph and Bangor, and of Gloucester and Bristol, are to be elected. respecting the circumstances of particular parishes or districts; and that the bishops of the two newly erected sees be made bodies corporate, and be invested with all the same rights and privileges as are now possessed by the other bishops of England and Wales, and that they be made subject to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York, and that the collegiate churches of Manchester and Ripon be made the cathedrals, and and Ripon to that the chapters thereof be the chapters of the respective sees of Manchester and Ripon, and be invested with all the rights and powers of other cathedral chapters; and that the members of these and of all other cathedral churches in England be styled dean and canons; that the chapter of Carlisle be the chapter of the united see of Carlisle and Man; that the bishops of the see of Saint Asaph and Bangor be elected alternately by the dean and chapter of Saint Asaph and by the dean and chapter of Bangor; that the bishops of the see of Bristol and Gloucester be elected alternately by the dean and chapter of Bristol and by the dean and chapter of Gloucester; that power be given to determine the future mode of confirming such acts of the bishop of either of the united sees as may require confirmation by a dean and chapter; and that upon the first avoidance of either of the sees of Saint Asaph or Bangor and of Gloucester or Bristol the bishop of the other of the sees proposed to be united become ipso facto bishop of the two sees, and thereupon become seised and possessed of all the property, advowsons, and patronage belonging to the see so avoided; and that the jurisdiction of the bishop's court in each diocese be co-extensive with the limits of the diocese as newly arranged; and that such arrangements be made with regard to the apportionment of fees payable to the officers of the several diocesan courts as may be deemed just and equitable, for the purpose of making compensation to those officers who may be prejudiced by the proposed alterations; and that such alterations be made in the apportionment or exchange of ecclesiastical patronage among the several bishops as shall be consistent with the relative magnitude and importance of their dioceses when newly arranged, and as shall afford an adequate quantity of patronage to the bishops of the new sees; and that, come of Arch- in order to provide for the augmentation of the incomes of the smaller bishoprics, such fixed annual sums be paid to the commissioners out of the revenues of the larger sees respectively as shall, upon due inquiry and consideration, be determined on, so as to leave as an average annual income to the Archbishop of Canterbury fifteen thousand pounds, to the Archbishop of York ten thousand pounds, to the Bishop of London ten thousand pounds, to the Bishop of Durham eight thousand pounds, to the Bishop of Winchester seven thousand pounds, to the Bishop of Ely five thousand five hundred pounds, to the Bishop of St. Asaph and Bangor five thousand two hundred pounds, and to the Bishop of Worcester and Bath and Wells respectively Fature In. bishops and Bishops. be made from the University five thousand pounds; and that out of the fund thus accruing fixed annual payments be made by the commissioners, in such instances and to such amount as shall be in like manner determined on, so that the average annual incomes of the other bishops respectively be not less than four thousand pounds nor more than five thousand pounds; and that at the expiration of every seven years, reckoning from the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, a new return of the revenues of all the bishoprics be made to the commissioners, and that thereupon the scale of episcopal payments and receipts be revised, so as to preserve, as nearly as may be, to each bishop, an amount of income equivalent to that which shall have been determined in the first instance to be suitable to the circumstances of his bishopric, and that such revised scale take effect as to each see respectively upon the then next avoidance thereof; and that if, in determining the mode of regulating the episcopal incomes, either in the first instance or on any future revision of them, it shall be deemed expedient to make the alteration required, in any case, by the subtraction or addition of any real estates, such real estates be transferred accordingly; and that out of the property of the see of Durham Provision to provision be forthwith made for the completion of those aug- the See of mentations of poor benefices which the late bishop (meaning Durham for thereby the late Right Reverend William Van Mildert), had of Durham. agreed to grant, but which he left uncompleted at the time of his death; and that the Bishop of Durham do in future hold the Castle of Durham in trust for the University of Durham, and that all expenses of maintaining and repairing the same be defrayed by the University of Durham; and that so soon as the relative values of the several sees under the new arrangements shall have been ascertained apportionment be made of the sums to be thereafter paid by the respective bishops for first fruits, so as to leave the aggregate amount payable from all the sees to the Bounty of Queen Anne the same as at present; and that the bishops who shall on the present vacancies succeed to the sees of Durham and Ely be relieved from the excess beyond their due proportion payable for first fruits, and that the residue of the sums due be paid by the commissioners out of the surplus funds arising from those sees; and that the tenths to be hereafter payable by the respective bishops be regulated by the amount of the first fruits payable under the preceding propositions; and that none of the proposed alterations affecting the boundaries or jurisdiction of any diocese, or the patronage of benefices with cure of souls, or the revenues belonging to any see the bishop of which was in possession on the fourth day of March one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, take effect until the avoidance of the see without the consent of such bishop; and that no ecclesiastical dignity, office, or benefice be in future granted to any bishop to be held in commendam, but that such of the en be provided Llandaff, and Ripon. dowments of certain prebends in the cathedrals of Lincoln, Lichfield, Exeter, and Salisbury as now belong to the bishops of the respective dioceses continue annexed to the respective Residences to sees; and that fit residences be provided for the bishops of for Lincoln, Lincoln, Landaff, Rochester, Manchester, and Ripon; and that, for the purpose of providing the bishop of any diocese with a more suitable and convenient residence than that which now belongs to his see, sanction be given for purchases or exchanges of houses or lands, or for the sale of lands belonging to the respective sees, and also, where it may be necessary, for the borrowing by any bishop of a sum not exceeding two years income of his see, upon such terms as shall appear to be fit and proper; and that the governors of the bounty of Queen Anne be empowered to lend money upon mortgage to such bishops; and that so much of the sum of six thousand pounds recovered by the late bishop of Bristol for damages done to the episcopal residence at Bristol, and of its accumulations, as may remain after deducting proper expenses, together with the money arising from the sale of the site of such residence, if sold, be applied to the purchase or erection of a residence for the bishop of the see of Bristol and Gloucester; and that new archdeaconries of Bristol, Maidstone, Monmouth, Westmorland, Manchester, Lancaster, and Craven be created, and that districts be assigned to them; and that archidiaconal power be given to the dean of Rochester within that part of Kent which will remain in the diocese of Rochester; and that the limits of the other existing deanries and archdeaconries be newly arranged, so that every parish and extra-parochial place be within a rural deanry, and every deanry within an archdeaconry, and that no archdeaconry extend beyond the limits of one diocese; and that all the ardeaconries of England and Wales be in the gift of the bishops of the respective dioceses in which they are situate; and that all archdeacons have and exercise full and equal jurisdiction within their respective archdeaconries." Creation of new Archdeaconries. See of Sodor The bishopric of Sodor and Man has since been rescued and Man pre- and confirmed in its existence as an independent bishopric by 1 Vict. c. 30. served. [The act of 6 & 7 Will. 4, c. 77, is given at length in the appendix to the last volume of this work. The constitution of Bishops of Ireland, Scotland, and the Colonies, is discussed under the head of Church in this volume.-ED.] Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries, whereof there be sixty; and every archdeaconry is parted into deanries; and [196] deanries again into parishes, towns, and hamlets (ƒ). But this division into parishes seemeth not to have been made all at once, but by degrees, as churches from time to time were built and endowed by lords of manors and others, for the use of their tenants or other inhabitants within such a (f) 1 Inst. 94; see Archdeacon for the seven new archdeaconries created by 6 & 7 Will. 4. district; and this seemeth to be the reason why there are some places at this day which are not in any parish, but are extraparochial. Every bishop, many centuries after Christ, was universal incumbent of his diocese, received all the profits, which were but offerings of devotion, out of which he paid the salaries of such as officiated under him, as deacons and curates in places appointed (g). Afterwards, when churches became founded and endowed, he sent out his clergy to reside, and to officiate in those churches; reserving nevertheless to himself a certain number in his cathedral to counsel and assist him, which are now called deans and prebendaries or canons. 5. Canterbury was once the royal city of the kings of Kent; Archbishop of and was given by King Ethelbert, on his conversion to Chris- Canterbury. tianity, to Austin, the first archbishop thereof, about the year of our Lord 598 (h). If we consider Canterbury as the seat of the metropolitan, it hath under it twenty-one bishops (as hath been said); but if we consider it as the seat of a diocesan, so it comprehends only some part of Kent (the residue being in the diocese of Rochester), together with some other parishes dispersedly situate in several dioceses; it being an ancient privilege of this see, that the places where the archbishop hath any manors or advowsons, are thereby exempted from the ordinary, and are become peculiars of the diocese of Canterbury, properly belonging to the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury (i). But see the foregoing statute.-ED.] The Archbishop of Canterbury is styled Primate and Metropolitan of all England, albeit there is another archiepiscopal province within the realm; partly, because when the popes had taken into their own hands, in a great measure, the archiepiscopal authority, they invested the Archbishops of Canterbury with a legatine authority throughout both the provinces; and partly, because the Archbishop of Canterbury hath still the power, which the popes in time passed usurped, and which by act of parliament was again taken from the popes, of granting faculties and dispensations in both the provinces alike. Yea further, the Archbishop of Canterbury anciently had primacy not only over all England but over Ireland also, and from him the Irish bishops received their consecration; for Ireland had no other archbishop till the year 1152. For which reason it was declared in the time of the two first Norman kings, that Canterbury was the metropolitan church of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of the isles adjacent; the Archbishop of Canterbury was therefore sometimes styled a patriarch, and orbis Britannici pontifex; insomuch that matters (h) God. 13, 17. (i) God. 14. (g) God. 23. York. recorded in ecclesiastical affairs did run thus, viz. anno pontificatus nostri primo, secundo, &c. (k). At general councils abroad, the Archbishop of Canterbury had the precedency of all other archbishops (1). At home he hath the privilege to crown the kings of England (m). He is said to be inthroned, when he is vested in the archbishopric; whereas bishops are said to be installed (n). He hath prelates to be his officers: thus, the Bishop of London is his provincial dean; the Bishop of Winchester, his chancellor; the Bishop of Lincoln anciently was his vicechancellor; the Bishop of Salisbury, his precentor; the Bishop of Worcester, his chaplain; and the Bishop of Rochester (when time was) carried the cross before him (0). He may retain and qualify eight chaplains; which is more by two, than any duke is allowed to do by statute (p). In speaking and writing to him is given the title of Grace, and Most Reverend Father in God (q). He writes himself by divine providence; whereas bishops only use by divine permission (r). Archbishop of 6. The first Archbishop of York that we read of, was Paulinus, who by Pope Gregory's appointment was made archbishop there, about the year of our Lord 622 (s). Their Prece dence in the State. The province of York anciently claimed and had a metropolitan jurisdiction over all the bishops of Scotland, whence they had their consecration, and to which they swore canonical obedience, until about the year 1466, when George Nevil being at that time Archbishop of York, the bishops of Scotland withdrew themselves from their obedience to him; and in the year 1470, Pope Sextus the Fourth created the Bishop of St. Andrews archbishop and metropolitan of all Scotland (t). The Archbishop of York hath the privilege to crown the queen consort; and to be her perpetual chaplain (u). He also, in like manner as the Archbishop of Canterbury, is said to be inthroned when he is vested in the archbishopric (x). And he may retain and qualify eight chaplains; whereas a bishop can only qualify six (y). He also hath the title of Grace, and Most Reverend Father in God; whereas bishops have the title of Lord, and Right Reverend Father in God (z). And he writes himself by divine providence (a). 7. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the first peer of the realm, and hath precedency, not only before all the other |