tedious and tiresome march through the forest; he arrives at Maumee, near the head of Lake Erie; sends men and goods by water to Detroit; first informed of declaration of war-Americans cross to Sandwich, Canada- Mackinac surprised and takeu by the British-American army returns to Detroit Brock reaches Malden, and advances to Sandwich; he crosses to Detroit; Hull surrenders-A detachment of Hull's army defeated at Brownstown Massacre of troops and families near Chicago-Fort Harrison attacked by Indians- -W. H. Harrison appointed commander in Northwest Gov. Edwards and Gen. Hopkins' plan to conquer Indians - Gen. Hopkins with a large force at Vincennes; he marches up Wabash and crosses at Fort Harrison; enters the prairies, and marches to meet Edwards; his officers are disobedient, revolt and return to Kentucky - Edwards attacks the Indians on Illinois river-Hopkins makes an expedition to Upper WabashLord Selkirk plants colony on Red river— Hopkins attacks Indians on Ponce Passu (Wild Cat) river - Generals Winchester and Harrison meet at Fort Wayne-Winchester marches to Fort Defiance Harrison makes headquarters at Franklinton, Ohio-Col. Campbell attacks Indians on Mississinewa -Inhabitants at river Raisin importune Winchester for aid Massacre of families at Pigeon creek, Scott county, Indiana, by Indians - Ohio legislature selects "High Bank" of Scioto river for capital-Little Turtle, the famous Miami Indian war chief, dies-Name of Upper Louisiana changed to Missouri territory. 1813. Winchester marches down Maumee to the rapids - - Winchester again importuned for help; sends troops to Frenchtown- British at Frenchtown first defeated-Americans defeated at Frenchtown with great loss — Massacre of the wounded at Frenchtown Harrison retreats to Portage river; he returns to Maumee and builds Fort Meigs Fort Meigs besieged - Gen. Clay reaches Fort Meigs; Dudley's party lost- British return to Malden British fleet prepare to attack Erie-Fort Stephenson besiegedSiege of Fort Stephenson raised-Perry's vessels first leave Erie harbor Victory by Perry on Lake Erie- British troops evacuate Malden; citizens remain at Amhertsburg-Americans take possession of Amhertsburg and make it headquartersreestablished American government Lower Michigan - Battle of the Thames in Canada Buffalo burnt by the BritishNew Albany, Indiana, founded Vevay, settled by Dufours - Monks of La Trappe leave Illinois and return to France. 1814. in Holmes' expedition into Canada-John Cleves Symmes dies at Cincinnati- Expedition under Croghan against Mackinac Gov. Clark's expedition to Prairie du Chien; Fort Shelby built-Lieut. Campbell sent to reinforce Fort Shelby; is attacked by Indians at Upper Rapids, defeated and returns to St. Louis-Fort Wayne rebuilt - Maj. Tavlor's expedition on upper Mississippi He meets Indians at Rock Island - Is attacked by Indians: defeated and retreats Second grand Indian treaty at Greenville, Ohio - M'Arthur's expedition into Canada - Treaty of Ghent, preliminaries of peace with England - Fort Erie taken by Gen - First steamboat at St. Louis - Northwest of Ohio purchased from Indians United States Bank open branches at Cincinnati and Chillicothe - Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, incorporated Fort Dearborn, at Chicago, rebuilt - Butler, Pennsylvania, incorporated a borough. 1818. Illinois becomes a state- Gen. St. Clair dies at his residence in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania - Gen. G. R. Clark dies near Louisville, Kentucky - Bishop Dubourg arrives at St. Louis-First manufactory of fine flour at Prairie du Chien-Treaty at St. Mary's, Ohio, with Wyandot, Seneca and Shawanese Indians. 1819. First steamboats on the Missouri river- First steamboat on Lake Erie- Military post established at Council Bluffs -- Expedition to the Yellowstone river- Contest of Ohio with the United States Bank Indian treaty at Edwardsville, Illinois - Cincinnati incorporated a city - Great depression in financial affairs in Pennsylvania - Fort Snelling built at mouth of St. Peter's -Fort Crawford built at Prairie du Chien Citizens of Missouri Territory move for state government. 1820. Indiana legislature appoint commissioners to locate seat of government - Nullification resolutions of Ohio - Constitution formed for Missuri state- Congress refuses Missouri constitution Gov. Cass visits Lake Superior and upper Mississippi. 1827. Congress donates lands for Wabash and Erie canal Fort Leavenworth (Kansas), built and garrisoned- First seminary built and opened in Illinois - First grammar school at South Hanover, Indiana From December until March, 1828, rain fell nearly every day. 1828. Extraordinary increase of lead mining at Galena, Illinois. 1829. Steubenville female seminary establishedFort Leavenworth threatened by Indians. 1830. Treaty with Keokuk at Prairie du ChienAttempt to drive Black Hawk west of Mississippi. 1831. Punishment by hard labor and imprisonment commenced in Illinois - Black Hawk is hostile, and is driven across the Mississip pi- Black Hawk War commenced - Legis lature of Indiana authorizes making Wa bash and Erie canal-Illinois militia are sent against Black Hawk-United States troops sent against Black Hiawk-Black Hawk makes treaty at Fort Armstrong, and confirms the treaty of 1804. 1832. Great flood of the Ohio river Indianians commence Erie and Wabash canal - First steamboat at Chicago-Maysville, Kentucky, incorporated a city - College edifice at South Hanover erected and charter obtained Granville (Baptist) College, Ohio, chartered Schoolcraft's expedition to the source of Mississippi - Indians reassert their rights, and war is resumed-Black Hawk, in great force, returns east of Mississippi - Stillman and party defeated near Rock river Black Hawk defeated on Wisconsin; also on Mississippi - He is delivered to United States government - Cholers among Scott's troops and along the lakesFinal treaty with Sac and Fox IndiansFirst epidemic cholera on Ohio and Missis sippi-Two hundred U. S. soldiers die of cholera at Fort Gratiot. John O'Connor condemned and executed at Du Buque, without law - Oberlin institute, Ohio, chartered, with university privileges Explosion of steamboat "Kate Kearney" at St. Louis Kansas-Nebraska bill passed by congress Summer and antumn of this year an unprecedented drouth - Epidemic cholera at Pittsburgh- This year closes with fearful forebodings of famine. 1855. the Ohio river-from May until December of this year the Mississippi valley was visited with an unusual quantity of rainAgriculturists rejoice in a large yield of the fruits of their toil. 1856. Josiah Copley reports practicibility of improving the navigation of the Ohio river, by means of dams and steamboat locks, at moderate expense First three months of this year much colder than usual-Lowest water ever known at the head of the Ohio river- Political excitement attending the presidential campaign intense.*. This table is compiled from "Western Annals," "History of Wisconsin," History of Explosion of the steamboat "Lexington" on Ohio," and other works. CHAPTER XVII. TERRITORIAL HISTORIES - OHIO. First Settlement in Ohio - Cession of Virginia and Connecticut -- Progress of Settlements Dayton-Cleveland - The Territory of the Northwest The Town of Manchester Laid Out- Second Grade of Government — Ohio Admitted as a State. INTRODUCTORY. AT THIS point, we will pause to observe that, for convenience, we have classified the subjects which fall under our attention in the following pages, so that reference will be had to either both. by classes and by states. For instance, the educational interests of the northwest are presented in one department, but the depart ment is divided into states. The same plan obtains with reference to the internal improvements, laws and courts, etc. Hence the reader will by no means find all that pertains to any one state in consecutive order, but in different places. This plan enables us to bring kindred interests together, securing both comparison and contrast, and at the same time preserving distinctly, state boundaries. We will first direct attention to a condensed nartative history of each state; then the internal improvements, educational interests, etc., will be taken up in the order of their im portance. The English built a trading post on the Great Miami river, in 1749, which may be regarded as the first settlement of Ohio. Previous to this, however, the French had explored the country, and had established a trading post on the lower Ohio, within the present limits of the state of Illinois. The French and Indians destroyed the English post on the Miami, in 1752, and made some prisoners, who were carried captives into Canada. As we have observed in the foregoing general sketch, the territory was for a long time a matter of dispute, both the French and the English claiming the right of possession. The Ohio Company, with its charter from the British king, claimed the right of occupying the country, and the French at the same time were active and bold in their efforts to prevent English settlements in it. "It was this quarrel," says James D. McCabe, Jr., in his Great Republic, "which first brought Washington forward as a military leader. The territory was inhabited by Indian tribes, who were friendly to the French, and hostile to the English. They made frequent incursions across the Ohio against the settlements. of the whites in Virginia, and were in their turn frequently attacked in their own homes by the English. During the revolution, they were the allies of the British, and waged a bitter warfare upon the western settlements of the Americans. This gave rise to several memorable campaigns by the American forces west of the Ohio, in which the savages were severely punished. After the close of the revolutionary war, several of the states became involved in disputes as to the right of soil in this territory, which were only settled by the cession of all the state claims to the United States. Virginia, in ceding her claims, reserved nearly four millions of acres, near the falls of the Ohio, as bounty lands for her state troops, and Connecticut reserved a similar tract, near Lake Erie, which was sold to actual settlers. The sale of these lands laid the foundation of the school fund of Connecticut." The town of Marietta was founded by the New England Ohio Company, in 1788, and three years later, 168 French colonists founded Galliopolis. Other settlements were started, and in a short time the country began to take on civilized appearances. The Indians, however, continued very troublesome, and Gen. |