Rey, and captain from Chapultepec; was wounded at the San Cosme Gate, on September 13, 1847; became first lieutenant during May, 1848, captain in November, 1854, and Major of the First Infantry, September 16, 1862, which rank he held at the beginning of 1864.

Archibald B. Botts died on the first of January, 1847, at Camargo, Mexico.

Thomas R. McConnell was brevetted first lieutenant at El Molino del Rey, and captain from Chapultepec; became captain, in February, 1855, and resigned the service on March 11, 1856.

Edmund Russell was wounded at Churubusco; was brevetted first eutenant from El Molino del Rey, and was killed by the Indians, near Red Bluff, California, on March 24, 1853.

Of the foregoing, the following only have occupied prominent positions during the War of the Rebellion :

Captain George Archibald McCall was appointed the com mander of the division of troops known as the "Pennsylvania Reserve Corps," which consisted of three brigades and fifteen regiments, and fought with the Army of the Potomac, with the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers, from May 17, 1861. He resigned his connection with the United States service on March 31, 1863.

Captain Robert C. Buchanan was appointed LieutenantColonel of the Fourth Infantry on September 9, 1861, and afterwards nominated for a volunteer brigadier-general's commission; but being too far advanced in years to endure the fatigues and laborious marches in the field during the civil war, he was principally kept in command of posts and garrisons within the Union lines.

Captain Benjamin Alvord became a brigadier-general of volunteers during the War of the Rebellion.

Lieutenant and Adjutant Henry Prince obtained a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers, dating from April 28, 1862, and participated in the campaigns in North Carolina and Virginia. At the beginning of 1864, he was

in command of the Second Division of the Third Army Corps.

Lieutenant Christopher C. Augur distinguished himself during the Rebellion in the various capacities of brigade, division, and corps commander, and, on January 1, 1864, held the command of the Department of Washington, and of the Twenty-Second Army Corps, with head-quarters at the national capital. Rank, major-general of volunteers, from August 9, 1862.

Lieutenant Henry M. Judah was appointed a brigadiergeneral of volunteers on the 21st of March, 1862; distinguished himself in the pursuit of the rebel guerilla chief, General John H. Morgan, and in the Eastern Tennessee campaign of 1863. On January 1, 1864, he held the command of a division in the Twenty-Third Army Corps, which formed a part of General Grant's Military Division of the Mississippi.

Lieutenant Alexander Hays was appointed a brigadiergeneral of volunteers from September 29, 1862, he having previously held the command of a company of the Sixteenth Regiment of U. S. Regular Infantry. At the beginning of 1884, he was in command of a division in the Second Army Corps, then with the Army of the Potomac.

Lieutenant David A. Russell, having held the rank of Major of the Eighth Regiment of Regular Infantry, was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, on November 29, 1862, and distinguished himself during 1863, while in command of a brigade, and afterwards of a division of the Second Army Corps, then with the Army of the Potomac.

It will thus be seen that the young second lieutenant, of the Mexican war, has far outstripped all his regimental companions-many of whom then outranked him; and he has done so by his military merit alone.

CHAPTER IV.

SUBSEQUENT SERVICES AND RESIGNATION-CIVIL LIFE.

THE struggles in Mexico having at last settled down into the mere brigandage so common to that country, the various volunteer troops of the United States Army were disbanded, and the regular regiments ordered back to the United States. Lieutenant Grant came home with his regiment-the Fourth Regular Infantry-and disembarked within the harbor of New York. The regiment was then distributed in companies and sections among the various northern frontier defences, along the borders of the States of Michigan and New York; and in one of these forts the young brevet captain commanded his company.

The emigration furor to California of 1850-51, carried to that El Dorado region an immense number of the vilest characters of all parts of the world; and the thirst for gold rendered all moral law and obligations, in that territory, subservient to violent might. To preserve even a show of law and order, and to restrain the Indians from murderous attacks upon the whites, the Government dispatched a force of troops to that part of the country, and among others the Fourth Regular Infantry was ordered to the Department of the Pacific. The battalion to which Lieutenant Grant was attached was sent up into Oregon, and, for some time, had its head-quarters at Fort Dallas, in that territory.

It was while the regiment was engaged in this duty that

Lieutenant Grant received his full promotion to captain of infantry, with a commission dating from August, 1853. Captain Grant shortly after became attached to the Department of the West; but, anticipating more chances of progress in civil life than in the military, during the then prospective happy times of peace, he resigned his connection with the United States Army, on the 31st day of July, 1854.

Thus, for a time, the valuable services of the embryo hero were lost to the country, and his talents hid from the world. But like a cork, held by the finger at the bottom of a vessel of water, the release of which is no sooner effected by the removal of the pressure than it springs higher than ever above the surface, has Grant again sprung into notoriety.

After Captain Grant had severed his connection with the military service, he made his residence near the city of St. Louis, Missouri, and was there engaged in commercial pursuits until the year 1859.

The following is extracted from the letter of one who had taken some pains to trace the history of Grant's life while a resident in and near St. Louis :

"General Grant occupied a little farm to the southwest of St. Louis, whence he was in the habit of cutting the wood, drawing it to Carondelet, and selling it in the market there. Many of his wood purchasers are now calling to mind that they had a cord of wood delivered in person by the great General Grant. When he came into the wood market he was usually dressed in an old felt hat, with a blouse coat, and his pants tucked in the tops of his boots. In truth, he bore the appearance of a sturdy, honest woodman. This was his winter's work. In the summer he turned a collector of debts; but for this he was not qualified. He had a noble and truthful soul; so when he was told that the debtor had no money, he believed him, and would not trouble the debtor again. One of the leading merchants of St. Louis mentioned this circumstance to me. From all I can learn of his history here, he was honest, truthful,

indefatigable—always at work at something; but he did not possess the knack of making money. He was honorable, for he always repaid borrowed money. His habits of life were hardy, inexpensive, and simple. About his being an inebriate, I find nothing to confirm it. On a cold day, when he had brought a load of wood to the Carondelet market, he would take something to keep himself warm. This, so far as I can trace, is the foundation of many reports of his inebriety."*

During 1859, Grant entered into partnership with his father, in the leather trade, and opened business in the city of Galena, Jo Daviess county, Illinois. This city is located on the Fevre River, about six miles above the point where it falls into the Mississippi, of which it is properly an arm. The city is built upon a bluff, with the streets rising one above the other, and communicating by means of flights of steps. Large portions of the States of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota are tributary to this town, and consequently it is a place of considerable trade.

The leather house of Grant & Son soon became a very prosperous concern, and, at the time of the outbreak of the rebellion, presented one of the best business prospects of any house in Galena. The younger Grant devoted himself to his business, and made it a study, so that, after a short time, the recommendation of a piece of leather by either of the firm of Grant & Son, was a sure guarantee of its good quality.

While alluding to the leather business of this firm, it will not be out of place to repeat an anecdote connected with General Grant, while at Vicksburg.

The Illinois politicians were everlastingly trying to inveigle General Grant into some debate, or the rendering of some definite idea or opinion in relation to the state of the various political parties of the country, and their

'0

*St. Louis correspondence of the Milwaukie Wisconsin, January, 1864.