located in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the mail equipment shop, the duties of which are to perform or to direct manual or machine operations requiring special skill or experience, or to perform or direct the counting, examining, sorting, or other verification of the product of manual or machine operations.

Grade 1 shall include all classes of positions in this service, the duties of which are to perform the simpler operations or processes requiring special skill and experience.

The rates of compensation for classes of positions in this grade shall be 90 to 97 cents an hour.

Grade 2 shall include all classes of positions in this service the duties of which are to operate simple machines or to perform operations or processes requiring a higher degree of skill than those in grade 1. The rates of compensation for classes of positions in this grade shall be $1.04 to $1.12 cents an hour.

Grade 3 shall include all classes of positions in this service the duties of which are to operate machines or to perform operations or processes requiring the highest degree of skill, or supervise a small number of subordinates.

The rates of compensation for classes of positions in this grade shall be $1.20 to $1.27 an hour.

Grade 4 shall include all classes of positions in this service the duties of which are to perform supervisory work over a large unit of subordinates.

The rates of compensation for classes of positions in this grade shall be $1.35 to $1.49 an hour.

The heads of the several executive departments and independent establishments of the Government whose duty it is to carry into effect the provisions of this section are hereby directed to so administer the same that the positions and employees affected herein shall retain in the classification schedules herein provided the same relative position or positions within their respective grades as they held on July 1, 1928: Provided, That nothing herein shall prevent the promotion or allocation for an employee to a higher grade: Provided further, That nothing contained in this section shall operate to decrease the pay of any present employee, nor deprive any employee of any advancement authorized by law and for which funds are available.

Whenever in any case the basic qualifications of any already existing grade or subdivision of a service are by this section made the basic qualifications of a higher grade or subdivision, the positions of all employees in said existing grade or subdivision are by this section advanced to said higher grade or subdivision of a service. (June 30, 1945, ch. 212, title IV, § 405 (b), 59 Stat. 300; May 24, 1946, ch. 270, § 2 (b), 12 (a, b), 60 Stat. 216, 219.)

AMENDMENTS

1945-Act June 30, 1945, cited to text, amended section by increasing the hourly wage of charwomen working part time from "65 cents" to "78 cents" and head charwomen from "70 cents" to "83 cents" in the proviso to the fifth paragraph under heading "Crafts, Protective and Custodial Service," and by increasing the hourly rate of Grade 1 from "55 to 60 cents" to "78 to 85 cents," Grade 2 from "65 to 70 cents" to "91 to 98 cents," Grade 3 from "75 to 80 cents" to "$1.05 to $1.11," and Grade 4 from "85 to 95 cents" to "$1.18 to $1.31" under heading "Clerical-Mechanical Service."

§ 681. Extension of Classification Act by President- (a) Extension of chapter to position in agencies of Government. Subject to the limitations contained in this section, whenever the President, after such classification and compensation surveys or investigations as he may direct the Commission to undertake, and upon consideration of the Commission's resulting reports and recommendations, shall find and declare that an extension of the provisions of sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, to any offices or positions in the agencies of the Government is necessary to the more efficient operation of the Government, he may by Executive order extend the provisions of sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, to any such offices or positions not at the time subject to such provisions: Provided, That in the case of any federally owned and controlled corporation organized under the laws of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or the District of Columbia, the President is authorized to direct that such action be taken as will permit the compensation of such offices or positions to be fixed in accordance with sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, consistently with the laws of any such State, Territory, or possession, or the District of Columbia, or with the charter or articles of incorporation of any such corporation.

(b) Prescription of additional classification services and grades where necessary. - Whenever the President, upon report and recommendation by the Commission, shall find and declare that one or more officers or positions to which sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, as extended, is applicable, may not fairly and reasonably be allocated to the professional and scientific service, the subprofessional service, the clerical, administrative, and fiscal service, the custodial service, or the clerical-mechanical service, as described in sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, he may by Executive order prescribe and define such additional classification services and grades thereof as he may deem necessary and shall describe, and fix the ranges of compensation for, the grades of such services within the limits of sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, so that they shall be comparable, as nearly as may be, with the grades in said sections, for offices or positions that are comparable as to duties, responsibilities, qualifications required, and other conditions of employment.

(c) Establishment of necessary schedules of differentials in rates prescribed by compensation schedules. - Whenever the President, upon report and recommendation by the Commission, shall find and declare that the rates of the compensation schedules of sections 661-673 and 674 of this title are inadequate for any offices or positions under such sections, as extended, he may by Executive order establish necessary schedules of differentials in the rates prescribed in such compensation schedules, but the differentials in the compensation of any such office or position shall not exceed 25 per centum of the minimum rate of the grade to which such office or position is allocated under such compensation schedules: Provided, That the provisions of this subsection shall be applicable only to such offices or positions having the following characteristics :

Offices or positions which are located at stations that are isolated, remote, or inaccessible when compared with stations at which offices or positions of the same character are usually located, or which involve physical hardships or hazards that are excessive when compared with those usually involved in offices or positions of the same character, or which are located outside the States of the United States and the District of Columbia: Provided further, That nothing herein contained shall preclude the Commission from taking the factor of isolation, hardship, hazard, or foreign service into consideration in allocating a given class of offices or positions to a service and grade under sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, if such factor is uniformly involved in each office or position in the class, in which event no differential is authorized under this section.

(d) Offices and positions excepted from section. -Except as Congress may otherwise provide by law, the power granted to the President by this section shall not apply to the following:

(i) Offices or positions in the Postal Service the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved February 28, 1925 (43 Stat. 1033),1 as amended;

(ii) Offices or positions of teachers, librarians, school-attendance officers, and employees of the community-center department under the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved June 4, 1924 (ch. 250, 43 Stat. 367), as amended;

(iii) Offices or positions in the Metropolitan Police, in the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, and in the United States Park Police, the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved July 1, 1930, (ch. 783, 46 Stat. 839);

(iv) Commissioned officers and enlisted personnel in the military and naval services and the Coast Guard, and commissioned officers in the Public Health Service and the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the compensation of which is fixed under section 73 of this title, sections 292, 332, 362, 363, 386, 633, 683, 692, 912, 972-973a, 982, 1012, 1133, and 1146 of Title 10, sections 121, 163, and 166 of Title 14, sections 1-3, 4-8, 9, 10, 11-13, 14, 15-21, 22-29, 30, and 31 of Title 37; (v) Offices or positions in the Government Printing Office the compensation of which is fixed under section 40 of Title 44;

(vi) Offices or positions of officers and employees of the Foreign Service.

(vii) Omitted. Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, Title IV, § 446, 60 Stat. -. (viii) Offices or positions of clerks in the Customs Service of the Treasury Department, the compensation of which is fixed under sections 6a-6d of Title 19;

(ix) Offices or positions of inspectors in the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Labor the compensation of which is fixed under section 109 of Title 8;

(x) Offices or positions the duties of which are to serve as an officer or member of the crew of a vessel, except that the President may by Executive order extend the provisions of sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, to offices or positions in the Bureau of Lighthouses;

1 So in original. The Act on 43 Stat. 1033, was approved Feb. 27, 1925, and is not relevant. Reference is probably intended to act Feb. 28, 1925, ch. 368, 43

Stat. 1053.

(xi) Offices or positions the duties of which are to perform the work of an apprentice, helper, or journeyman in a recognized trade or craft, or other skilled mechanical craft, or the work of an unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled laborer, except that whenever such offices or positions involve work in the regular custody, operation, or maintenance of a Government building, or other Government property, or work which is subordinate, incidental, or preparatory to work of a professional, scientific, or technical character, the President, upon a finding that the characteristics and working conditions of such offices or positions render them substantially the same as comparable offices or positions in the District of Columbia included within sections 661-673 and 674 of this title, may by Executive order extend the provisions of such sections to include them; and

(xii) Offices or positions in the Tennessee Valley Authority.

(e) Prohibition against racial, religious, or color discrimination.In carrying out the provisions of sections 681-684 of this title, and the provisions of sections 661-663, 664-673, and 674 of this title there shall be no discrimination against any person, or with respect to the position held by any person, on account of race, creed, or color. (Nov. 26, 1940, ch. 919, title II, § 3, 54 Stat. 1212, as amended Aug. 1, 1941, ch. 346, § 5(a), 55 Stat. 615; Aug. 1, 1942, ch. 543, § 2(b), 56 Stat. 735; Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title IV, § 446, 60 Stat. -.)

*

Subsec. (d) (vi) amended by act Aug. 13, 1946, cited to text, which substituted "Officers Foreign Service" for provisions relating to officers or positions whose compensation was fixed by other laws.

Subsec. (d) (vii) omitted by act Aug. 13, 1946, cited to text.

Subsec. (d) (viii) was amended by acts Aug. 1, 1941; Aug. 1, 1942, both cited to text. Act Aug. 1, 1941, omitted "verifiers, openers, packers, guards, inspectors, station inspectors." Act Aug. 1, 1942, omitted "and laborers" after "clerks." Reorganization Plan No. II is set out in note under section 133t of this title. Appropriations, repeal, effective date relative to amendment of Aug. 1, 1941, see note under section 667 of this title.

Effective date. - Amendment of section by act Aug. 13, 1946, cited to text, was made effective three months after Aug. 13, 1946, by section 1141 of said act Aug. 13, 1946.

Allocation of positions to services and grades of compensation. --Subsecs. (b) and (c) of section 5 of act Aug. 1, 1941, cited to text, provided:

"(b) Upon the passage of this act, [Aug. 1, 1941] the Secretary of the Treasury shall allocate to the services and grades of the compensation schedules of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, [this chapter] the other positions heretofore covered by said act of May 29, 1928 1928, [sections 6a-6d 19] in the same manner as other positions in the field service of the Treasury Department are allocated under section 2 of the act of July 3, 1930 (46 Stat. 1003) [section 678a of this title].

"(c) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to decrease the existing compensation of any employee, but when his position shall become vacant it shall be filled in accordance with the regular compensation schedule applicable to such position."

Subsecs. (c) and (d) of section 2 of Act Aug. 1, 1942, cited to text, provided as follows: "(c) Upon the passage of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall allocate to the services and grades of the compensation schedules of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended [this chapter], the positions of laborers heretofore covered by the act of May 29, 1928 (45 Stat. 955) [sections 6a-6d of Title 19], as amended, in the same manner as other positions in the field service of the Treasury Department are allocated under Section 2 of the act of July 3, 1930 (46 Stat. 1005) [section 678a of this title].

"(d) Nothing contained in subsections (b) or (c) of this section shall be construed to decrease the existing compensation of any employee, but when his position shall become vacant it shall be filled in accordance with the regular compensation schedule applicable to such position."

Field positions in grades affected by act Aug. 1, 1942, cited to text, adjustment of compensation by department heads, see note under section 678 of this title.

Sums sufficient to carry out the provisions of act Aug. 1, 1942, cited to text, were appropriated by section 4 of said act.

Chapter 14.--RETIREMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES

§ 691. Voluntary retirement; involuntary retirement of disqualified employees; retirement of investigatory personnel; annuity payments after certain periods of service-(a) Annuity rate upon voluntary separation at certain age. - Any officer or employee to whom sections 691, 693, 693-1, 707, 708, 709-715, 716 to 719-1, 720-722, 724, 725, 727-729, 730, 731, 733, 736b and 736c of this title apply who shall have attained or shall hereafter attain the age of sixty years and have rendered at least thirty years of service computed as prescribed in section 707 of this title, or who shall have attained or shall hereafter attain the age of sixty-two years and have rendered at least fifteen years of such service, shall, upon separation from the service, be paid an annuity computed as provided in section 698 of this title.

(b) Annuity rate reduction upon voluntary separation at age 55.Any officer or employee to whom sections 691, 693, 693-1, 707, 708, 709-715, 716 to 719-1, 720-722, 724, 725, 727-729, 730, 731, 733, 736b, and 736c of this title apply who shall have attained or shall hereafter attain the age of fifty-five years and have rendered at least thirty years of service computed as prescribed in section 707 of this title shall, upon separation from the service, be paid an annuity computed as provided in section 698 of this title, reduced by one-fourth of 1 per centum for each full month such officer or employee is under the age of sixty years.

(c) Annuity rate reduction upon involuntary separation at age 55; effective date. - Any officer or employee to whom sections 691, 693, 693-1, 707, 708, 709-715, 716 to 719-1, 720-722, 724, 725, 727-729, 730, 731, 733, 736b and 736c of this title apply after having rendered at least twenty-five years of service computed as prescribed in section 707 of this title, shall, upon involuntary separation from the service not by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency, be paid an immediate life annuity computed as provided in section 698 of this title reduced by one-fourth of 1 per centum for each full month such officer or employee is under the age of sixty years. This subsection shall become effective July 1, 1947.

(d) Investigatory personnel. Any officer or employee to whom sections 691, 693, 693-1, 698, 707, 708, 709-715, 716 to 719-1, 720-725, 727-729, 730, 731, 733, 736b, and 736c of this title apply the duties of whose position are primarily the investigation, apprehension, or detention of persons suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States (including any officer or employee engaged in such activity who has been transferred to a supervisory or administrative position) who is at least fifty years of age, and who has rendered twenty years of service or more in the performance