via Athabasca, Peace River and New Caledonia122 by Eden Colvile Esqre. a lately appointed Governor of Rupert's Land.123 Mr. Colvile is now at Victoria and accompanied by C. F.124 Douglas is to proceed in a few days hence to Vancouver by Nisqually & the Cowlitz portage.

Wednesday 24th. Cloudy. Despatched after breakfast a messenger for Cowlitz with the packet and letters recd. from Victoria yesterday, and after dinner Mr. Macneill took his departure for Victoria.

Thursday 25th. Heavy showers during the night. Mild. Sunshine. Had a letter from Cowlitz today, which was conveyed as far as Tinalquot by Lapoitrie who along with some Indians is transporting wheat from Nawakum prairie to Tinalquot and has made one trip without accident. Potatoe lifters paid off. Two ploughs going today. The delving of the lately burnt ground in the swamp to be the job for odd half days for the Indians usually employed about the Slaughter house and Barn.

Friday 26th. Rainy. Mr. Ross with assistants drove in some cows, 10 of which with their calves are to be delivered tomorrow to an American named Glasgow in exchange for 300 bushels potatoes which have already been received. Glasgow accompanied by Mr. David Chambers arrived in the evening.

Saturday 27th. Showery. Partial Sunshine. Glasgow and Chambers with assistance from the establishment busy all day catching and tying the 10 cows and a two year old Bullock due Glasgow since last Spring. The cattle very wild. Mr. Ross came in about noon with a fresh lot, and thereafter assisted in securing the cattle. Mr. Jones126 of Newmarket gave a promissory note payable in a month [page 45] for $100 in payment of 2 cows & calves and the [Ms. illegible] lent him in Spring of 1846. Gave Mr. Glasgow a note on presentation of which on or after the 15th April 1850, he will be entitled to 8 Heifers, calves of 1849.

Sunday 28th. Glasgow off with his cattle but lost 4 cows and much bothered.

122 Approximately the British Columbia of today.

123 All the country ruled by the Hudson's Bay Company was from the beginning denominated Rupert Land after Prince Rupert, the first governor. With the amalgamation with the North West Company Rupert Land was reorganized into four departments, Montreal, Southern, Western and Northern. in turn composed a collection of posts. The departments were further subdivided into districts which where an annual meeting was held, and orders issued for the following year. Transportation The ostensible capital was Fort Garry, Red River, between the posts was effected by means of "brigades." ings of the Hudson's Bay Company, consult, Canadian Archives, Publications, No. 9, 1914, 2 For a source account of the workvolumes.

124 Chief Factor James Douglas.

125 At or near the present Newaukum, in Lewis County.

126 Gabriel Jones, one of the Michael T. Simmons party, pioneers of 1845.

Monday 29th. Cloudy. Cowie & others at roof of slaughter house. Two ploughs going. Sowed 3 bushels wheat.

Tuesday 30th. Rainy. Work as yesterday.

Wednesday 31st. Showery. Roofing of Slaughter house finished. Adam Beinston while out shooting Beef cattle had his left thumb greatly lacerated by the bursting of his gun. In the evening Mr. Wm. Ogden nephew of P. S. Ogden127 Esq. arrived, accompanied by Charles Mackay128 of Tuality129 and Marcel Bernier. 180 They are going to Pt. Discovery and that neighborhood in quest of millsites. Sowed 2 bushels Wheat.

November, 1849.

Thursday 1st. Heavy showers. Cowie & party commenced laying the flooring of store. Thrashing Oats with the flail.

Friday 2nd. Showery. Partial sunshine. Mr. Ogden and party off this morning. An American named Glasgow the same who purchased the cattle came in the evening to say that he did not wish me as agent for the Hudson's Bay and Puget's Sd. Coys11 to make any further improvements on his claim commencing at the sawpit at Nisqy132 landing and running northward so as to inclose the Sequallitch creek, he handed me a written notice to the above effect, which I declined to accept, telling him that by settling where he had he was trespassing on the lands of the P. S. Coy.

Saturday 3rd. Showery. Partial Sunshine. Lieut: Gibson passed, on his way to the Cowlitz and Vancouver with the mail. Wrote by him to C. F. Ogden.

Sunday 4th. Mr. T. M. Chambers an American who arrived last night proceeded this morning towards Steilacoom where he is to mark off a claim in his son's name on the Puget Sound Company's lands, and including the millsites at the entrance of the Steilacoom creek. In the evening, Captain Mosher134 of the ship "Inez" arrived, guided by Glasgow, and accompanied by a boat's crew of six, having left his ship a few miles below the narrows. After sitting for an hour or two he left and went to pass the night with Glasgow. The boats crew were supplied with supper and quarters in the different houses inside the Fort. The "Inez" has come for

127 Peter Skeene Ogden was a Chief Factor at Fort Vancouver; William Ogden at one time an apprentice clerk, is apparently in the service of Allan and Mackinlay, inasmuch as his expenses are charged to that firm. See note 107.

128 Charles Mackay.

129 A settlement on the river of the same name in Oregon, spelled variously.

130 Marcel Bernier, born at Spokane in 1820, one of the Red River colonists of 1841 but since this year (1849) a citizen of the United States.

131 Puget's Sound Agricultural Company.

132 Nisqually.

133 Lieutenant John B. Gibson.

134 Identity not ascertained.

the Lumber and Shingles contracted for, from Mr. Simmons by a Mr. Fruit.1

185

Monday 5th. Fine. Rode out today too kill beef and afterwards accompanied by Mr. W. Ross, proceeded towards Steilacoom to warn off Mr. Chambers as a trespasser on the lands of the Puget's Sound Coy. Could not find Mr. C. who was tracing out his claim. in the woods. Accompanied Mr. Ross home to Tlilthlow. Tuesday 6th. Showery. Partial Sunshine. Assisted Mr. Ross during the forenoon at Tlithlow to put the Rams to the Ewes but on learning that the General Patterson was in the roadstead and unloading her cargo, I hastened in to the Fort. Cowie making a gutter to carry off the water from the roof of the Store. In the evening Captain Mosher made his appearance and staid for the night. Wednesday 7th. Fine. Mg. showery, a smart breeze in the forenoon that drove the Genl. Patterson from her anchorage. Nearly all her cargo landed and in the store this evening. Commenced moving the salting tubs &c from old to new Slaughter house. Called at Glasgow's in the morning and warned him off as a trespasser on the lands of the Puget's Sound [page 47] Company in presence of Captain Mosher, Mr. M. T. Simmons, Charles Ross and Adam Beinston. Glasgow in his turn warned us against making any further improvements on what he called his claim. Continued on to the beach from Glasgow's accompanied by Captain Mosher, Simmons and Glasgow through a wide road opened by the Company some years ago, of which I informed Mosher and Simmons. Afterwards went on board the Genl. Patterson and saw Captain Corser.136 Thursday 8th. Rainy. Nearly all the Genl. Patterson's cargo landed. Lapoitrie with his Inds. retd. having in three weeks made the trips with wheat from Cowlitz & Newaukum to Tinalquot. Friday 9th. Showery. Engaged C. Wren for a day and sent him along with Lapoitrie and some Islanders and Indians to make a slight dam a little above the entrance of the Sequallitch creek. Cowie continuing at flooring of slaughterhouse. Captain Corser spending the evg. at the Fort.

Saturday 10th. Mg. foggy. Fine. Mr. Ross drove in a lot of working oxen. Some Indians thrashing Oats. Others at flooring of slaughterhouse.

Sunday 11th. Showery.

Monday 12th. Fine. Lapoitrie assisting the ordinary ox drivers in taming the oxen brought in on Saturday. Cowie finishing floor of slaughterhouse.

135 Identity not ascertained. 136 Identity not ascertained.

Alaska, Our Beautiful Northland of Opportunity. By AGNES RUSH BURR. (Boston: The Page Company. 1919. Pp. 428. $4.00 net.)

This handsome book with decorative cover, carrying six plates in full color and forty-eight duogravures, is another in the "See America First" Series. Most of the volumes thus far issued in the series are devoted to the West. "Sunset Canada; British Columbia and Beyond" was reviewed in this Quarterly (Volume IX., page 310) and other volumes include "California, Romantic and Beautiful," "Oregon, the Picturesque" and "Three Wonderlands of the American West." Each book is sumptuously printed and boxed.

The author makes no pretense of presenting history. She records the observations by herself and others. The purpose of the book is best told in her preface as follows: "Alaska is a land of beautiful scenery and of almost inexhaustible resources. It is a land with a romantic history, and a land of interesting people, whether these be the sturdy pioneers and their descendants with their tales of early days, the Indians, and the rapid progress they are making on their march toward civilization, or the prospector with pack on back on his tireless quest for gold.

"It is a land also of many opportunities. In size about onefifth of the whole United States, in resources almost equal in variety to those of the entire country, Alaska as yet has but comparatively a small population and few industries. New business enterprises in almost countless number await the seeing eye and earnest hand of the shrewd business man and woman."

She further tells about the possibility of observing much of the great scenery from well-appointed steamers and railroad trains and automobiles over a three-hundred mile road. All this reminds the present reviewer of a remark made at Prince William Sound in the summer of 1902 by General A. W. Greely, then Chief Signal Officer of the United States Army: "We have just been establishing signal stations through the unexplored interior of Alaska. When the discoverers and explorers come they can step into one of those stations and send their records to the outside world."

There remains much exploring to be done in Alaska. None of it will detract, however, from the interest or value of this book.

The author acknowledges help received from many sources, including "Mr. J. L. McPherson, of the Alaska Bureau of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce, who has made the study of Alaska almost his life work; Mr. Kenneth Kerr of the Seattle 'Railway and Marine News,' and many others." The second chapter of the book is entitled: "From Seattle Northward." EDMOND S. MEANY.

Central Oregon.

By W. D. CHENEY. (Seattle: The Ivy Press. 1919. Pp. 149. $1.00.)

This little book locally produced and published has the distinct purpose of calling attention to a part of the Pacific Northwest in which railroad building is being rapidly developed. In addition to the descriptions of new resources to be made available there is also a note of preparedness, which is best told by the author himself on pages 144 to 146, as follows:

"This book is being written in the midst of the European War; and these words are written the day following an address by the Governor of Oregon in which he appeals for the completion of the Pacific Highway as a matter of military importance. Exactly as this paragraph is being written, a representative of the Coast Defense League calls upon the writer for assistance in securing support for the Pacific Highway as a part of the Military Road System. If this highway is important, what of these railroads?

"The strength of Germany has not been in men and material alone. But would have been useless but for a wonderful system of railroads, permitting the quick shifting of armies and munitions.

"Our Pacific Coast is very vulnerable; and it is not because of seven hundred miles of coast-line between Cape Flattery and the Golden Gate. It is because of the long, easily broken thread of the Southern Pacific Railroad, lying undefended between the mountains and the sea. Even if not impaired, it is utterly inadequate to handle the congested traffic of war.

"Not only will the Strahorn Lines put millions of acres under cultivation: they will provide two lines north and south along the Pacific Coast instead of the one line now existing. By doubletracking only seventy-six and one-half miles of the Strahom System, three lines will be provided for the entire distance between Mare Island and Puget Sound, over which troops and munitions can be rushed north and south; and two of these lines will be east of the Cascade Range, a natural fortification."