The Problem of the Pacific. By C. BRUNSDON FLETCHER. (New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1919. Pp. 254. $3.00 net.) The author opens his preface by declaring: "This book is not an ordered history of the Pacific. Its main object is to show how four Powers during a century have been reaching towards a mastery of half of the world—the Pacific Ocean covers a whole hemisphere and only as the main facts of this mastery are kept in mind will a Peace Conference be able to do justice to the interests now dominant." His description of the first chapter is worth repeating: "A century completed with war: Its history in the Pacific marked by chapters of special importance: Each decade from 1814 begins with some notable event: The Monroe Doctrine in 1824 and Alaska: Australia conquered in 1814, 1824, 1834: France and Tahiti in 1844, and Britain's settlement with America: The year 1854 and Japan's beginning as a Power: Germany also enters the Pacific in that year: Effect upon the Pacific of Prussia's attack upon Denmark in 1864: Fiji annexed in 1874: Germany's annexations in 1884: War between China and Japan in 1894: War between Japan and Russia in 1904: Opening of Kiel and Panama Canals in 1914." The ambitions of Germany and Japan bulk large in the subsequent chapters and the position of Australia is given prominence. The author's preface is dated at Sydney in May, 1918. His conclusion is a plea for a better understanding of Australia and the last words: "While some things may have to wait, the main purpose of English-speaking peoples in spreading the blessings of real liberty will be greatly served." The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma. By HENRY ADAMS. (New York: The Macmillan Company. 1919. Pp. 317. $2.50.) In this Quarterly for January, 1919, there appeared a review of the remarkable book entitled "The Education of Henry Adams." In correspondence with the dead author's brother, Brooks Adams, it developed that he had a manuscript giving further views of Henry Adams on the philosophy of history which would be published. It here appears as "The Rule or Phase Applied to History." The first half of the volume is by the brother, Brooks Adams, on "The Heritage of Henry Adams." This is followed by a letter to the American Historical Association of which he was president can Teachers of History (1910) and by the final "Phase." inn 1894 and by the hitherto privately published "Letter to Ameri Readers of "The Education of Henry Adams" will surely want to read this book. In a private letter, Brooks Adams says: "I am afraid you will hardly find the book alluring, as it is not optimistic." But he adds later, "Such as we are-we are." He thinks the "Letter to Teachers" is one of the ablest things his brother Henry ever wrote. The Life of General Ely S. Parker. By ARTHUR C. PARKER. (Buffalo, N. Y.: Buffalo Historical Society. 1919. Pp. 346.) This interesting addition to Americana is written by a greatnephew of General Parker. The author has achieved reputation as a scholar and writer. He is now State Archaeologist of New York. General Parker was the last Grand Sachem of the Iroquois and was military secretary of General Grant. He made a most remarkable link between the great race of Indians and their white neighbors. This book with its sympathetic records and collection of illustrations will prove to be a monument to one of America's admirable Indian characters. Taxation in Nevada. By ROMANZO ADAMS. (Reno: Nevada Historical Society. 1918. Pp. 199. $1.50.) This little volume, well described by its title, is one in the Nevada Applied History Series, edited by Jeanne Elizabeth Wier. Correspondence of the Reverend Ezra Fisher. Edited by SARAH FISHER HENDErson, Nellie Edith Latourette and KennETH SCOTT LATOURETTE. (Portland: Miss Freda Latourette, 325 Chamber of Commerce Building. 1919. Pp. 492. $3.50 net.) Rev. Ezra Fisher was a pioneer Missionary of the American. Baptist Home Mission Society in Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Oregon. The first twenty-nine pages are devoted to a biographical sketch of the missionary. His correspondence from the Middle West concludes on page 155 when he wrote on April 12, 1845, "We are now here (Davenport) on our way to Oregon." The last entry bears the date of March 31, 1857. That span of a dozen years was filled with important events in Oregon history and these pages of letters throw light that will be welcome by all who study the period. Like most missionaries he gained his living from the soil. In 1861, he left the region of Willamette Valley and moved to The Dalles. 70 Book Reviews He continued to preach and farm. He spent a short time in California for his health but returned to The Dalles and resumed his religious work. He preached his last sermon on October 18, 1874, and died at The Dalles, November 1, 1874. He was much interested in education. In his last letter to the American Baptist Home Mission Society he said: "Will you once more send us a man for Oregon City University? I write officially." His death resulted from pneumonia contracted while visiting the schools of Wasco County. This was counted an untimely end for a man of his vigor though he was nearing his seventy-fifth birthday. The correspondence here reproduced was considered of sufficient importance to history for large portions if it to appear in the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society. Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the Pacific North west Library Association (Tacoma: ELENA A. CLANCEY, This volume contains the Proceedings of the Conference held in The Seattle Conference was held a few months before the signing of the Armistice and reflects the active part taken by librarians to help in winning the War. The Pacific Northwest Library Association is to be congratulated upon its fine record and the care it has taken to safeguard the history of its contribution to the educational development of the Northwest. Such volumes have great historical value since the history of a democracy is largely the history of its institutions. Transactions of the Forty-fourth Annual Reunion of the Oregon tary. 1919. Pp. 273-350.) The This pamphlet is three years late in its appearance. It is the record of the reunion held in Portland on June 22, 1916. crowd in attendance numbered eight hundred. The tireless secretary collected the usual amount of valuable historical data. He says: "But one man registered an arrival in the '30s. He was Cyrus Hamlin Walker, of Albany. He was born December 7, 1838. Scores of others were older than Mr. Walker, but none beat him into the State. Mr. Walker proudly proclaims the fact that he is the oldest living white man born west of the Rocky Mountains." The annual address was given by William M. Colvig, a pioneer of 1851. The pamphlet also contains the proceedings of the thirty-first grand encampment of the Indian War Veterans of the North Pacific Coast and other matters of historic interest. Linguistic Families of California. By ROLAND B. DIXON and A. L. KROEBER. (Berkeley: University of California Press. 1919. Pp. 47-118. 75 cents.) This is Number 3 of Volume 16 of the University of California's Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. It reflects the care and attention to technical details given to all the numbers in this series. There is included a map of "Families of Native Languages in California." Thirty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. By F. W. HODGE, Ethnologist-in-charge. (Washington: Government Printing Office. 1919. Pp. 677.) Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities. By W. H. HOLMES. (Washington: Government Printing Office. 1919. Pp. 380.) Prehistoric Villages, Castles, and Towers of Southwestern Colorado. By J. WALTER FEWKES. (Washington: Government Printing Office. 1919. Pp. 79.) All publications by the Bureau of American Ethnology are welcome additions to the historical literature of America. The publication of these three has evidently been delayed by congestion in the Government Printing Office caused by the recent war. The annual report is for the year 1911-1912. In addition to the report of the Bureau, the volume includes four accompanying papers as follows: "Uses of plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region," by Melvin Randolph Gilmore; "Preliminary Account of the Antiquities of the Region between the Mancos and La Plata Rivers in Southwestern Colorado," by Earl H. Morris; "Designs on Prehistoric Hopi Pottery," by Jesse Walter Fewkes; "The Hawaiian Romance of Laieikawai," by Martha Warren Beckwith, with an ap pendix of Hawaiian stories collected by Fomander and edited by Thomas G. Thrum of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Each of the papers is accompanied by beautiful illustrations. The book on Aboriginal American Antiquities is Bulletin 60. It is one of the planned series of handbooks like those on American Indians (Bulletin 30) and American Indian Languages (Bulletin 40). The second volume, or Part II., of this present bulletin will be devoted to "implements, utensils, and other minor artifacts of stone." The present volume deals with the systematic presentation and classification of the American antiquities, "to make them readily available to the student who shall undertake to present a comprehensive view of the evolution of culture among men." In the chapter on "Culture Characterization Areas" there are four areas of especial interest to the Pacific Coast-"The California Area," "The Columbia-Fraser Area," "The Northwest Coast Area," "The Arctic Coast Area." In this classification the Northwest Coast is given as from Puget Sound to Mount St. Elias. The third item is a fascinating little book (Bulletin 70) devoted to prehistoric conditions in what is now a part of Colorado. Mr. Fewkes shows the spirit of his work in the following sentence from his introduction: "No achievements in American anthropology are more striking than those that, from a study of human buildings and artifacts antedating the historic period, reveal the existence of an advanced prehistoric culture of man in America." The slender volume is illustrated with 18 drawings in the text and with 33 plates at the end of the book. Many of the plates contain three half-tones. All are well printed and add much to the value of the text. The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies. By CHarles Henry CUNNINGHAM, Ph. D. (Berkeley: University of California Press. 1919. Pp. 478.) The title-page includes the phrase: "As Illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1583-1800)." Dr. Cunningham explains in his preface that this came from the circumstance of his having been situated in Manila for a number of years. As the Audiencia was common to all Spanish colonies, this study, he believes, will be equally applicable to the audiencias in Spanish-America. The work has no contact with, or reference to, the Pacific Northwest but, as an additional monument to the cooperation of the wealth and scholorship of California in the field of history, it gives another opportunity of calling attention to one phase of that |