A stop was made at St. Helens, Oregon, then a town of "a dozen tenements and having a handsome church edifice (Methodist) a postoffice and a settlement west thereof." Arriving at Monticello, a small place, dinner was had, and further travel was by land, first in a vehicle that "was a thing on wheels called a stage" drawn by six mules, then on horseback for fifteen miles and again by stage, over numerous hills and through fir forests, the roads being rough for part of the way.

The arrival, at Olympia, was at 7 o'clock p. m., September 1, and on the next day began the regular term of the United States Court for the Second District of the Territory. A term of the Court of the Third District having recently terminated, Judge Oliphant decided to remain for a time at Olympia and learn what he could of the manner of transacting business and of the mode of practice there. The predecessor of Judge Oliphant, in the Third District, was the Hon. E. C. Fitzhugh, and the newly appointed Chief Justice Hewitt presided in the Second District.

Ex-Chief Justice McFadden was very desirous of holding the term of court in the Second District, and claimed that there was an understanding between himself and the incoming Chief Justice to that effect. Judge Hewitt admitted that there had been some conversation or intimation relative to a gratification of Judge McFadden's wishes, but that there was no promise nor contract on his part to that end. Judge McFadden rather intimated that he was Chief Justice of the Territory for four years from the 8th day of June, 1858, but that he had no thought or disposition to hold over, though claiming right to do so. To end controversy on the subject, Judge McFadden proposed to submit the question, as to who should preside, to the members of the bar. This was not agreed to on the part of Judge Hewitt, the latter stating that he had no control of the members of the bar and that they might meet, if they saw proper. They did meet, and were nearly unanimous in favor of Judge Hewitt holding court. Judge McFadden yielded with great courtesy and took his seat among "the priests in the temple of jurisprudence." Court was then convened, a grand jury empannelled and "an excellent charge delivered by Judge Hewitt.

"The lawyers did not seem very much disposed to rush business. Apparently not much was done, although a number of cases were disposed of 'on the docket,' which none but the initiated knew anything about."

The second day of the second week of court, Justice Hewitt was indisposed, and pressed Judge Oliphant to serve for him. The

substitute states, that he occupied the bench for three days, "with what ability and acceptance, it does not become him to speak." It is stated that the position was new and trying, but that he gave "the profession and outsiders a fair chance to presume, however violent the presumption, that the Court knew something."

On Tuesday, September 17, 1861, Judge Oliphant left Olympia, on the steamer Eliza Anderson, for Port Townsend, where he arrived early the next morning. Port Townsend is described as being "a most unprepossessing place, although its location on the bay, and the view therefrom it truly beautiful." It was a small place, "the eye taking in the whole of it, under the hill, at a glance." Here he found a number of "very clever people," and mention is made of B. Dennison, Esq., and Pettigrove, the latter having his residence out of town. "The town is admittedly a hard case of a place, and if the mind were freely spoken, very few would say that their attachments to Port Townsend were of the strongest and indissoluble kind. Was it strange in me that ecstacy would not break forth upon my entrance and sojourn there."

Later he arranged to room and board at the home of Judge Albert Briggs more than two miles from the town, and in this home he was "most pleasantly situated and kindly treated."

From October 8, 1861, to April 21, 1862, the writer has no data of Judge Oliphant's experiences in Washington Territory. It appears that they were related in letters to his wife, but these letters were destroyed long ago. His intermittently kept journal records a trip from Vancouver to Walla Walla, the latter place being then in the First Judicial District to which he was appointed by the Territorial Legislature. On this trip he was a passenger on the steamer Julia, and mentions meeting Mr. R. R. Thompson of the Oregon Transportation Company. Mr. Thompson was originally from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, but before going to the Pacific Coast, he resided at Cadiz, Ohio.

The Judge was much impressed with the scenery along the Columbia River and notes a portage of more than two miles from the Cascades to take the steamer Idaho for further ascent of the river to The Dalles, from where transportation was by stage for fifteen miles to the river again, this portage being over sand hills and requiring about three hours to make. It terminated at Des Chutes, where the steamer Tenino was boarded for Walla Walla. It had been only about three years since steamer transportation between these places had been attempted, and his trip was made in the spring.

after the longest and most severe winter previously known in that region.

Aboard the Tenino he occupied a stateroom with Judge Strong and Judge Lander. There were approximately three hundred passengers, seventy head of horses and mules and one hundred and seventy tons of freight, exclusive of the passenger baggage. This was at the time of a gold excitement, and though his voyage terminated at Walla Walla, the steamer continued on up the Columbia to the Snake River and then up the latter river to Lewiston, the head of navigation and the anticipated depot of all the mining region, but it was then only what might be called "a very fine paper city." It is noted that he was at Lewiston, August 17, 1862, but no details are given in his journal of that visit.

At Wallula there was only two dwelling houses, the main one being of "unburnt brick," and from there, it was a case of stage, "in a spring wagon, drawn by six horses," for thirty-two miles to Walla Walla, then (April 26, 1862) a new place having from 150 to 200 dwellings and business houses.

Mention is made of a trip to Fort Colville, also known as Pinckney City, and to Peirce City, as well as to Florence, but the description of this trip was made in letters that suffered the same fate as those above noted.

A note occurs of a trip from Vancouver to Olympia, via Portland, in December of 1863, stops being made at Monticello, Drews and Claquato.

The Judge remained in Olympia from December 22, 1863, to February 12, 1864, then returned to Vancouver, via Portland, from where he went to The Dalles and Walla Walla, remaining at the latter place from November 12, 1864, to February 6, 1865. He then went to Seattle, then to Steilacoom, again to Olympia, which latter place he left, on June 12, 1865, for San Francisco via Vancouver, B. C., on his way back to his Pennsylvania home.

In the journal, brief mention is made of a remarkable hail storm at Walla Walla, May 23, 1862, and of a fire at the same place, May 9, 1864, that consumed the court-house.

PUGET SOUND INDIANS

In compiling this bibliography no attempt has been made to list every reference to the Indians of the Puget Sound district. Only those books and papers which have distinct anthropological value have been noted, and all of these with two exceptions, which are indicated in the text, have been examined by the author in person. *Prepared in University of Washington Library School in Course on Bibliography.-5 1-2 point.

ALVORD, B., and others. "Indians of Puget Sound and the Straits, with Statistics of Population." U. S. Congress 34-3. House Executive Document 76. p. 1-22. 1857. Serial number 906. BANCROFT, H. H. Native Races of the Pacific States. San Francisco. History Co. 5 vols. 1886.

BOAS, FRANZ, and others. Anthropology in North America. New York. Stechert. 1915.

BOAS, FRANZ. "Classification of the Languages of the North Pacific Coast." Reprinted from the Memoirs of the International Congress of Anthropology.

BOAS, FRANZ. "Notes on the Chemakům Language," in American Anthropologist, 5:37-44, January, 1892.

BOAS, FRANZ. "Physical Characteristics of the Indians of the North Pacific Coast," in American Anthropologist, 5:25-32, January, 1891.

BUCHANAN, C. M. "Dialectic Variants of the Nisqually Linguis

tic Root Stock of Puget Sound," in Washington Historical Quarterly, 1:30-35, January, 1907.

BUCHANAN, C. M. "Indians' Use of the Forest," in Washington Historical Quarterly, 1:453-57, August, 1906.

BUCHANAN, C. M. "Rights of the Puget Sound Indians to Game and Fish," in Washington Historical Quarterly, 6:109-118, April, 1915.

COOK, JAMES and KING, JAMES. Voyage to the Pacific Ocean.... in the Years 1776-1780. 3 vols. London. Strahan, 1784. CORNEY, PETER. Voyages in the Northern Pacific..... 1813-1818. Honolulu. Thrum. 1896.

COSTELLO, J. A. The Siwash, Their Life, Legends and Tales. Seattle, Calvert. 1895.

Cox, Ross. Adventures on the Columbia River. New York. Harper. 1832.

CULIN, STEWART. "Chess and playing cards; games of the Indians, including those of the Oregon country and the Pacific Northwest," in U. S. National Museum Report. 1896. p. 665-942. CULIN, STEWART. "Games of the North American Indians." Smithsonian Institute. Bureau of American Ethnology. Twenty-fourth Annual Report, 1902-03. p. 1-846.

CURTIS, E. S. North American Indian. New York. Author 1907-16. DEANS, JAMES. "What Potlatches Are," in American Antiquarian, 18:274-76, September, 1896.

DEANS, JAMES. "When Potlatches are Observed," in American Antiquarian, 18:329-31, November, 1896.

Dellenbaugh, F. S. North Americans of Yesterday. New York. Putman. 1900.

DENNY, E. I. Blazing the Way. Seattle. Rainier Printing Co. 1909. "Discovery of a Stock Exchange: Potlatch," in Harper's Weekly, 47:1313, August 8, 1903.

DORSEY, G. A. "Dwamish Indian Spirit Boat and Its Use." University of Pennsylvania, Free Museum of Science and Art, Bulletin 3:227-38, May 1902. (Not seen.)

DUNN, JOHN. Oregon Territory and the British North American fur trade; with an account of the habits and customs of the principal native tribes on the northern continent. Philadelphia. Zieber. 1845.

EELLS, MYRON. "Aboriginal Geographic Names in Washington," American Anthropologist, 5:27-35, January, 1892.

EELLS, MYRON. "Decrease of Population Among the Indians of Puget Sound," in American Antiquarian, 9:271-76, September, 1887.

EELLS, MYRON. "Decrease of the Indians," in American Antiquarian, 25:146-49, May-June, 1903.

EELLS, MYRON. "Do-ki-batt; or, the God of the Puget Sound Indians," in American Antiquarian, 6:389-93, November, 1884. EELLS, MYRON. "Indian Languages of Puget Sound," in Seattle Weekly Post-Intelligencer, 5:8:4, November 26, 1885.

EELLS, MYRON. "Indian Music," in American Antiquarian, 1:249-53, April, 1879.

EELLS, MYRON. "Indians of Puget Sound," in American Antiquarian, 9:1-9, January, 1887.

EELLS, MYRON. "Indians of Puget Sound; Measuring and Value," in American Antiquarian, 10:174-78, May, 1888.