SETACEOUS straight prickle; also, the stalk that supports the theca, capsule, or sporangium of mosses. In zool. set are the stiff short hairs that cover many caterpillars and insects, the bristles or processes that cover the limbs and mandibles of many crustaceans. Setaceous (se-ta'shus), a. [L. seta, a bristle.] 1. Bristly; set with bristles; consisting of bristles; as, a stiff setaceous tail.-2. In bot. bristle-shaped; having the character of setæ; as, a setaceous leaf or leaflet. Setaria (se-ta'ri-a), n. [From L. seta, a bristle. The involucre is bristly.] A genus of grasses with spikelets in a dense cylindrical spikelike panicle, containing a few species cultivated as corn-grains in some countries. The species are found in both the warm and tropical parts of the world. S. viridis is indigenous in England, S. germanica is cultivated in Hungary as food for horses, and S. italica is cultivated in Italy and other parts of Europe. (See MILLET.) The genus is sometimes included under Panicum. Set-back (set'bak), n. In arch. a flat plain set-off in a wall. Set-bolt (set'bōlt), n. In ship-building, an iron bolt for faying planks close to each other, or for forcing another bolt out of its hole. Set-down (set'doun), n. A depressing or humiliating rebuke or reprehension; a rebuff; an unexpected and overwhelming answer or reply. Setee (set-e), n. A vessel rigged with lateen sails; a settee (which see). Set-fair (set'far), n. The coat of plaster used after roughing in, and floated, or pricked up and floated. Set-foil (set'foil), n. See SEPT-FOIL. Sethe (seTH), n. A name given to the coalfish (which see). Written and pronounced variously Seath, Sarth, Seethe, Sey. [Scotch.] Sethic (seth'ik), a. (A corruption of sothiac (which see).] In chron. applied to a period of 1460 years. Satiferous (se-tif'èr-us), a. [L. seta, a bristle, and fero, to bear.] Producing or having bristles. Setiform (se'ti-form), a. [L. seta, a bristle, and forma, form.] Having the form of a bristle. Setiger (set'i-jér), n. One of the Setigera. Setigera (se-tij'er-a), n. pl. [L. setiger, bristly -seta, a bristle, and gero, to carry.] A tribe of abranchiate annelidans, whose members, like the earthworms, are provided with bristles for locomotion. Setigerous (se-tij'er-us), a. [L. seta, a bristle. and gero, to bear.] Covered with bristles; setiferous. Setireme (se'ti-rēm), n. [L. seta, a bristle, and remus, an oar.] In entom. one of the legs of some insects, as the diving beetle, that has a dense fringe of hairs on the inner side enabling the animal to move on the water. Set-line (set'lin), n. In fishing, a line to which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported by buoys, is extended on the surface of the water, and may be left unguarded during the absence of the fisherman. Setness (set'nes), n. The state or quality of being set. [Rare.] Set-off (set'of), n. 1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset.-2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything; a decoration; an ornament.3. A counter-claim or demand; a cross debt; a counterbalance; an equivalent. After the cheque is paid into a different bank, it will not be presented for payment, but liquidated ly a set-off against other cheques. F. S. Mill. An example or two of peace broken by the public voice is a poor set-off against the constant outrages upon humanity and habitual inroads upon the happiness of the country subject to an absolute monarch. Brougham. 4. In law, the merging, wholly or partially, of a claim of one person against another in a counter-claim by the latter against the former. Thus a plea of set-off is a plea whereby a defendant acknowledges the justice of the plaintiff's demand, but sets up another demand of his own to counterbalance that of the plaintiff either in whole or in part.-5. The part of a wall, &c., which is exposed horizontally when the portion above it is reduced in thickness. Also called Offset.-6. In printing, the transferred impression from a printed page, the ink on which is undried, to an opposite page, when the two leaves are pressed together. Seton (se'ton), n. [Fr., from L. seta, a 44 bristle hair or bristles having been originally used for the purpose.] In surg. a skein of silk or cotton, or similar material, passed under the true skin and the cellular tissue beneath, in order to maintain an artificial issue. They are inserted by means of a knife and a probe, or a large needle called a seton needle, and are applied as counterirritants to act as a drain on the system generally, or to excite inflammation and adhesion. The name is also given to the issue itself. Setose (se'tōs), a. [L. setosus, from seta, a bristle.] In bot. bristly; having the surface set with bristles; as, a setose leaf or receptacle. us. She must just hate and detest the whole set-out of 3. A display, as of plate, &c.; dress and accessories; equipage; turn-out. His drag is whisked along rapidly by a brisk chestnut pony, well-harnessed; the whole set-out, I was informed, pony included, cost £50 when new. Mayhew. [Colloq. in all senses.] Set-screw (set'skrö), n. A screw, as in a cramp, screwed through one part tightly upon another to bring pieces of wood, metal, &c., into close contact. Set-stitched (set'sticht), a. Stitched according to a set pattern. Sterne. Sett (set), n. 1. A piece placed temporarily on the head of a pile which cannot be reached by the monkey or weight but by means of some intervening matter.-2. See SET, 1.-3. A number of mines taken upon lease.-Sett of a burgh. See SET. Sette,t v.t. [See SET.] To set; to place; to put; to reckon; to fix. -To sette a man's cappe, to make a fool of him. Chaucer. Settee (set-te'), n. 1. [From set.] A long seat with a back to it; a large sofa-shaped seat for several persons to sit in at one time; a kind of double arm-chair in which two persons can sit at once. Ingenious Fancy, never better pleased Cowper. 2. [Fr. scétie, sétie.] A vessel with one deck and a very long sharp prow, carrying two Settee. or three masts with lateen sails; used in the Mediterranean. Settee - bed (set-te bed), n. A bed that turns up in the form of a settee. Setter (set'ér), n. 1. One who or that which sets; as, a setter of precious stones, or jeweller; a setter of type, or compositor; a setter of music to words, a musical composer, and the like. This word is often compounded with on, off, up, &c.; as, setter-on, setter-off, and so on. See the separate entries.-2. A kind of sportsman's dog, which derives its name from its habit of setting or crouching when it perceives the scent of game, instead of standing, like the pointer. Setters are, however, now trained to adopt the pointer's mode of standing whilst marking game. It partakes somewhat of the character and appearance of the pointer and spaniel, and is generally regarded as having descended from the crossing of these two varieties.3. A man who performs the office of a setting-dog, or finds persons to be plundered. Another set of men are the devil's setters, who Setter-up (set'èr-up), n. One who sets up, I have touched the highest point of all my greatness. Shak. 'When I 2. Sporting with a setting-dog. go a-hawking or setting. Boyle.-3. Something set in or inserted. And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones. Ex. xxviii. 17. 4. That in which something, as a jewel, is set; as, a diamond in a gold setting.-5. The hardening of plaster or cement. Also, same as Setting-coat. Setting-coat (set'ing-kōt), n. The best sort of plastering on walls or ceilings; a finishing-coat of fine stuff laid by a trowel over the floating-coat, which is of coarse stuff. Setting-dog (set'ing-dog), n. A setter. Addison. Setting-pole (set'ing-pol), n. A long pole, often iron pointed, used for pushing boats, &c., along in shallow water. Setting-rule (set'ing-röl), n. In printing, same as Composing-rule. Setting-stick (set'ing-stik), n. In printing, a composing-stick. Settle (set'l), n. [A. Sax. setl, a seat, a stool, a settle; from set, sit. Comp. L. sella, a seat, for sedla, from sedeo, to sit. See SET, SIT.] 1. A seat or bench; something to sit on; a stool. 'An oaken settle in the hall." Tennyson. The man, their hearty welcome first exprest, A common settle drew for either guest. Dryden. 2. A part of a platform lower than another part. Settle (setl), v.t. pret. & pp. settled; ppr. settling. [From set; a freq. in form.] 1. To place in a fixed or permanent position; to establish. And I will multiply upon you man and beast... and I will settle you after your old estates. Ezek. xxxvi. 11. But I will settle him in mine house, and in my kingdom for ever. 1 Chr. xvii. 14. 2. To establish or fix in any way or line of life; to place or fix in an office, business, situation, charge, and the like; as, to settle a young man in a trade or profession; to settle a daughter by marriage; to settle a clergyman in a parish. The father thought the time drew on Of settling in the world his only son. Dryden. 3. To set or fix, as in purpose or intention. Exalt your passion by directing and settling it upon an object. Boyle. 4. To change from a disturbed or troubled condition to one of quietness, tranquillity. or the like; to quiet; to still; hence, to calm the agitation of; to compose; as, to settle the mind when disturbed or agitated. God settled then the huge whale-bearing lake. Chapman. 5. To clear of dregs, sediment, or impurities, by causing them to sink; to render pure and clear, as a liquid; also, to cause to subside or sink to the bottom, as dregs, &c.; as, to settle coffee grounds. 'So working seas settle and purge the wine.' Sir J. Davies. 6. To render compact, close, or solid; hence, to bring to a smooth, dry, passable condition; as, the fine weather will settle the roads. Cover ant-hills up, that the rain may settle the turf before the spring. Mortimer. 7. To determine, as something which is exposed to doubt or question; to free from SETTLE uncertainty or wavering; to make firm, sure, or constant; to confirm; as, to settle one's doubts; to settle a question of law. It will settle the wavering, and confirm the doubtful. Swift 8. To adjust, as something in discussion or controversy; to bring to a conclusion: to arrange; to finish; to close up; as, to settle a dispute by agreement, compromise, or force.-9. To make sure or certain, or to make secure by a formal or legal process or act; as, to settle an annuity on a person; to settle the succession to the throne.--10. To liquidate; to balance; to pay; to adjust; as, to settle an account, claim, or score.-11. To plant with inhabitants; to people; to colomize; as, the French first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New England. • Provinces first settled after the flood.' Mitford. To settle the main-top-sail halyards (naut.), to ease off a small portion of them so as to lower the yard a little.-To settle the land, to cause it to sink or appear lower by receding from it. Settle (set'l), v.í. 1. To become fixed or permanent; to assume a lasting form or condition; to become stationary, from a temporary or changing state. And I too dream'd, until at last And loosely settled into form. Tennyson. 2. To establish a residence; to take up a permanent habitation or place of abode. The Spinete, descended from the Pelasgi, settled at the mouth of the river Po. Arbuthnot. 3. To be established in a method of life; to quit an irregular and desultory for a methodical life; to enter the married state, or the state of a householder; to be established in an employment or profession; as, to settle in life; to settle in the ministry. As people marry now and settle, Prior. 4. To become quiet or clear; to change from a disturbed or turbid state to the opposite; to become free from dregs, &c., by their sinking to the bottom, as liquids; to become dry and hard, as the ground after rain or frost; as, wine settles when standing; roads settle in the spring. A government, on such occasions, is always thick before it settles. Addison. 5. To sink or fall gradually; to subside, as dregs from a clarifying liquid; to become lowered, as a building, by the sinking of its foundation or the displacement of the ground beneath; as, coffee grounds settle; the house settles on its foundation. That country became a gained ground by the mud brought down by the Nilus, which settled by degrees into a firm land. Sir T. Browne. 6. To become calm; to cease from agitation. Then, till the fury of his highness settle, Come not before him. Shak 7. To adjust differences, claims, or accounts; to come to an agreement; as, he has settled with his creditors.-8. To make a jointure for a wife. He sighs with most success that settles well. Garth. Settle-bed (set'l-bed), n. A bed constructed so as to form a seat; a half-canopy bed. Settled (set'l), p. and a. 1. Fixed; established; stable. A land of settled government, A land of just and old renown, 2 Permanently or deeply fixed; deep-rooted; firmly seated; unchanging; steady; decided; as, a settled gloom or melancholy; a settled conviction.-3. Arranged or adjusted by agreement, payment, or otherwise; as, a settled bargain; a settled account.-4. Quiet; orderly; methodical; as, he now leads a settled life.-Settled estate, in law, an estate held by some tenant for life, under conditions more or less strict, defined by the deed. Settledness (set'ld-nes), n. The state of being settled; confirmed state. Settledness of disposition.' Bp. Hall. Settlement (set'l-ment), n. 1. The act of settling, or state of being settled; as, specifically, (a) establishment in life; fixture in business, condition, or the like; ordination or installation as pastor. Every man living has a design in his head upon wealth, power, or settlement in the world. Sir R. L'Estrange. (b) The act of colonizing or peopling; colonization; as, the settlement of a new country. The settlement of oriental colonies in Greece produced no sensible effect on the character either of the language or the nation. W. Mure. 45 (c) The act or process of adjusting, determining, or deciding; the removal or reconciliation of differences or doubts; the liquidation of a claim or account; adjustment; arrangement; as, the settlement of a controversy or dispute; the settlement of a debt or the like. (d) A bestowing or giving pos session under legal sanction; the act of granting or conferring anything in a formal and permanent manner. My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take, With settlement as good as law can inake. Dryden, 2. In law, (a) a deed by which property is settled; the general will or disposition by which a person regulates the disposal of his property, usually through the medium of trustees, and for the benefit of a wife, children, or other relatives; disposition of property at marriage in favour of a wife; jointure. He blew a settlement along; And bravely bore his rivals down With coach and six, and house in town. Swift. (b) A settled place of abode; residence; a right arising out of residence; legal resi dence or establishment of a person in a particular parish, town, or locality, which entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish or town to his support.3. A new tract of country peopled or settled: a colony, especially a colony in its earlier stages; as, the British settlements in America or Australia; a back settlement.-4. That which settles or subsides; subsided matter; sediment; dregs; lees; settlings. Fuller's earth left a thick settlement.' Mortimer. 5. In the United States, a sum of money or other property granted to a clergyman on his ordination, exclusive of his salary.-Act of settlement, in Eng. hist. the act passed in 1702, by which the crown was settled (on the death of Queen Anne) upon Sophia, electress of Hanover, and the heirs of her body (the present royal line), being Protestants. Settler (set'ler), n. 1. One who settles; particularly, one who fixes his residence in a new colony. You saw the beginnings of civilization as it were: and the necessity of mutual helpfulness among the settlers. W. Black. 2. That which settles or decides anything definitely, as a blow that decides a fight. [Colloq.] Settling (set'ling), n. 1. The act of one who or that which settles.-2. pl. Lees; dregs; sediment. Settling-back (set'ling-bak), n. А гесерtacle in which a solution of glue in process of manufacture is kept warm until the impurities have time to settle. Settling-day (set'ling-dá), n. A day set apart for the settling of accounts; specifcally, in the stock exchange, the prompt day in the produce market; the half-monthly account-day for shares and stocks. Settlor (set'lor), n. In law, the person who makes a settlement. Set-to (set'tö), n. A sharp contest; a fight at fisty-cuffs; a pugilistic encounter; a boxing match; any similar contest, as with foils. [Colloq.] Setula (set'u-la), n. pl. Setulæ (set'û-lē). [L. dim. of seta, a bristle.] In bot. a small bristle or hair; also, the stipe of certain fungi. Setule (set'ül), n. A small, short bristle or hair. Dana. Setulose (set'u-lõs), a. Bearing or provided with setules. Dana. Setwall (set'wal), n. A species of Valeriana (V. pyrenaica). Written also Setywall. Seurement,tn. Security in a legal sense. Chaucer. Seuretee, tn. Surety in a legal sense; security. Chaucer. Seven (sev'n), a. [A. Sax. seofon, seofan; common to the Indo-European tongues: L. G. seven, D. zeven, O. Sax. Goth. and O.H.G. sibun, G. sieben, Icel. sjau, Dan. syv (these being contracted forms), W. saith, Ir. seacht, Rus. semj, L. septem, Gr. hepta (for septa), Per. haft, Skr. sapta, saptan.] One more than six or less than eight.-Seven stars, the Pleiades. See PLEIAD. - Seven wise men, or seven sages of Greece, a name commonly applied to seven philosophers, several of whom were legislators, at an early period of Grecian history. They were Periander of Corinth, Pittacus of Mitylene, Thales of Miletus, Solon, Bias of Priene, Chilo of Sparta, and Cleobulus of Lindus.Seven wonders of the world. See WONDER. Shining woods, laid in a dry room, within a sevennight, lost their shining. Bacon. Seven-shooter (sev'n-shot-ër), n. volver with seven chambers or barrels. [Colloq.] Sevensome (sev'n-sum), a. Consisting of seven things or parts; arranged by sevens. N. Brit. Rev. [Rare.] The Sevensomeness (sev'n-sum-nes), n. quality of being sevensome; arrangement or gradation by sevens. N. Brit. Rev. [Rare ] Seventeen (sev'n-tēn), a. One more than sixteen, or less than eighteen; seven and ten added; as, seventeen years. Seventeen (sev'n-ten), n. 1. The mumber greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven.-2. A symbol representing this number, as 17 or xvii. Seventeenth (sev'n-tenth),a. 1. One next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after sixteen of the same class; as, the seventeenth day of the month.-2. Constituting or being one of seventeen equal parts into which a thing may be divided. Seventeenth (sev'n-tenth), n. 1. The next in order after the sixteenth; the seventh after the tenth.-2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one of seventeen equal parts of a whole.-3. In music, an interval consisting of two octaves and a third. Seventh (sev'nth), a. 1. Next after the sixth.--2. Constituting or being one of seven equal parts into which a whole may be divided; as, the seventh part. Seventh (sev'nth), n. 1. One nextin order after the sixth.-2. The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of seven equal parts into which a whole is divided.-3. In music, (a) the interval of five tones and a semitone embracing seven degrees of the diatonic scale, as from C to B, or do to si: called also a major seventh. An interval one semitone greater than this, as from C to B, is an augmented seventh. An interval one semitone less than the major seventh is a minor seventh, and one a semitone less than this again is a diminished seventh. (b) The seventh note of the diatonic scale reckoning upwards; the B or si of the natural scale. Called also the leading note. Seventh-day (sev'nth-dá), a. Pertaining or relating to the seventh day of the week or the Sabbath of the Jews.-Seventh-day Baptists, a religious sect holding generally the same doctrinal views as the Baptists, but differing from them in observing the seventh day of the week instead of the first as the Sabbath. Called also Sabbatarians. Seventhly (sev'nth-li), adv. In the seventh place. Seventieth (sev'n-ti-eth), a. 1. Next in order after the sixty-ninth; as, the seventieth year of his age.-2. Constituting or being one of seventy parts into which a whole may be divided. Seventieth (sev'n-ti-eth), n. 1. One next in order after the sixty-ninth; the tenth after the sixtieth.-2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one of seventy equal parts. Seventy (sev'n-ti), a. [A. Sax. seofontig-seofon, seven, and tig, ten; but the AngloSaxon writers often prefixed hund, as hundseofontig.] Seven times ten. Seventy (sev'n-ti), n. 1. The number which is made up of seven times ten.-2. A symbol representing this number, as 70 or 1xx. -The Seventy, a name given to the body of SEVER scholars who first translated the Old Testament into Greek. So called from their number or approximate number. See SEP TUAGINT. Sever (sev'ér), v. t. [O. Fr. sevrer, severer, to separate; Mod. Fr. sevrer, to wean; from L. separare, to separate. See SEPARATE] 1. To part or divide by violence; to separate by cutting or rending; as, to sever the body or the arm at a single stroke. 2. To part from the rest by violence, cutting, or the like; as, to sever the head from the body. 3. To separate; to disjoin, referring to things that are distinct but united by some tie; as, the dearest friends severed by cruel necessity. 4. To separate and put in different orders or places. The angels shall come forth and sever the wicked from among the just. Mat. xiii. 49. 5. To disjoin; to disunite: in a general sense, but usually implying violence. Our state can not be severed; we are one. 6. To keep distinct or apart. Milton. And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarm of flies shall be there. Ex. viii. 22. 7. In law, to disunite; to disconnect; to part possession; as, to sever an estate in jointtenancy. Blackstone. Sever (sev'èr), v. i. 1. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish. The Lord will sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt. Ex. ix. 4. 2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or rent asunder. Her lips are sever'd as to speak. Tennyson. Severable (sev'èr-a-bl), a. Capable of being severed. Several (sev'èr-al), a. [0. Fr. several, from severer. See SEVER.] 1. Separate; distinct; not common to two or more: now mainly used in legal phraseology; as, a several fishery; a several estate. A several fishery is one held by the owner of the soil, or by title derived from the owner. A several estate is one held by a tenant in his own right, or a distinct estate unconnected with any other person. Each might his several province well command, Pope. We may assume that the Germans in their own country had no distinct ideas of several property in land. Brougham. 2. Single; individual; particular. Each several ship a victory did gain. Dryden. 3. Different; diverse; distinct. Divers sorts of beasts came from several parts to drink. Bacon. Dryden. Four several armies to the field are led. 4. Consisting of a number; more than two, but not very many; divers; as, several persons were present when the event took place. A joint and several note or bond, one executed by two or more persons, each of whom is bound to pay the whole amount named in the document. Several (sev'èr-al), n. 1. A few separately or individually; a small number, singly taken: with a plural verb. Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous family, nor left any behind them. Addison. 2. A particular person or thing; a particular. There is no beast, if you take him from the common, and put him into the several, but will wax fat. Bacon. In several,t in a state of separation or partition. 'Where pastures in several be.' Tusser. Severality (sev-ér-al'i-ti), n. Each particular singly taken; distinction. Bp. Hall. Severalizet (sev'ér-al-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. severalized; ppr. severalizing. To distinguish. Bp. Hall. Severally; asun Severallt (sev'ér-al), adv. der. Spenser. Severally (sev'èr-al-li), adv. Separately; distinctly; apart from others; as, call the men severally by name. Others were so small and close together that I 46 could not keep my eye steady on them severally so as to number them. Newton. -To be jointly and severally bound in a contract, is for each obligor to be liable to pay the whole demand, in case the other or others are not able. Severalty (sev'èr-al-ti), n. A state of separation from the rest, or from all others.Estate in severalty, an estate which the tenant holds in his own right without being joined in interest with any other person. It is distinguished from joint-tenancy, coparcenary, and common. The rest of the land in the country, however, was not possessed in severalty, but by the inhabitants of each district in common. Brougham. Severance (sev'èr-ans), n. The act of severing or state of being severed; separation; the act of dividing or disuniting; partition. No established right of primogeniture controlled the perpetual severance of every realm, at each sucMilman. cession, into new lines of kings. -The severance of a jointure, in law, a severance made by destroying the unity of interest. Thus when there are two jointtenants for life, and the inheritance is purchased by or descends upon either, it is a severance. So also when two persons are joined in a writ and one is non-suited; in this case severance is permitted, and the other plaintiff may proceed in the suit. Severe (sē vēr'), a. [Fr. sévère, from L. severus, serious, severe.] 1. Serious or earnest in feeling or manner; exempt from levity of appearance; sedate; grave; aus'With tere; not light, lively, or cheerful. eyes severe and beard of formal cut.' Shak. Your looks must alter, as your subject does, From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe. Waller. 2. Very strict in judgment, discipline, or government; not mild or indulgent; rigorous; harsh; rigid; merciless; as, severe criticism; severe punishment. Shak. Come, you are too severe a moraler. Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be more severe against thyself than against others. Fer. Taylor. 3. Strictly regulated by rule or principle; exactly conforming to a standard; rigidly methodical; hence, not allowing or permitting unnecessary or florid ornament, amplification, and the like; not luxuriant; as, a severe style of writing; the severest style of Greek architecture; the severe school of German music. 'Restrained by reason and severe principles.' Jer. Taylor. The Latin, a most severe and compendious language.'" Dryden.-4. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; extreme; as, severe pain, anguish, torture; severe cold; a severe winter. 5. Difficult to be endured; exact; critical; rigorous; as, a severe test; a severe examination. Severely (se-ver'li), adv. In a severe manner; gravely; rigidly; strictly; rigorously; painfully; fiercely. Kept severely from resort of men.' Shak. 'A peace we may severely repent.' Swift. Fondly or severely kind.' Savage. More formidable Hydra stands within, Whose jaws with iron teeth severely grin. Dryden. Severeness (sē-vēr'nes), n. Severity. Sir W. Temple. Severian (se-vē'ri-an), n. Eccles. one of the followers of Severius, a Monophysite, who held, in opposition to the Julianists, that the Saviour's body was corruptible. Severity (se-ver'i-ti), n. [L. severitas. See SEVERE.] The quality or state of being severe; as, (a) gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigour; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or reproof; severity of discipline or training; severity of penalties. 'Strict age and sour severity.' Milton. It is too general a vice, and severity must cure it. Shak (b) The quality or power of afflicting, distressing, or paining; extreme degree; extremity; keenness; as, the severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or heat. (c) Extreme coldness or inclemency; as, the severity of the winter. (d) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity practised on prisoners of war. (e) Exactness; rigour: niceness; as, the severity of a test. (f) Strictness; rigid accuracy. 'Confining myself to the severity of truth.' Dryden. Severy (sev'èr-i), n. [Also written civery, and supposed to be a corruption of ciborium.] In arch, a bay or compartment in a vaulted roof; also, a compartment or division of scaffolding. Oxford Glossary. SEWERAGE Sevocation † (sē-vō-kā'shon), n. [From L. sevoco, sevocatum-se, apart, and voco, to call.] A calling aside. Bailey. A Mexican plant, Sevoeja (sev-o-ā'hä), n. the Stenanthium frigidum. It possesses acrid and poisonous qualities, and is used as an anthelmintic. Sèvres Ware (så-vr wär), n. A kind of porcelain ware, unsurpassed for artistic design and brilliancy of colouring, manufactured at Sèvres, in France. Sew t (su), v.t. [See SUE.] 1. To pursue; to follow. Spenser.-2. To bring on and remove meat at table; to assay or taste, as meats and drinks, before they are served up, or in presence at the table. Sew (so), v.t. [A. Sax. siwian, seowian, suwan, O.H.G. and Goth. siujan, O. Fris. sia, Dan. sye, Icel. sýja; cog. L. suo, Skr. siv, to sew. Seam is from this stem.] To unite or fasten together with a needle and thread. They sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. Gen. iii. 7. -To sew up, (a) to inclose by sewing; to inclose in anything sewed. Thou sewest up mine iniquity. Job xiv. 17. If ever I said loose-bodied gown sew me up in the skirts of it. Shak (b) To close or unite by sewing; as, to sew up a rent. To be sewed up, (a) naut. to rest upon the ground, as a ship, when there is not sufficient depth of water to float her. A ship thus situated is said to be sewed up by as much as is the difference between the surface of the water and her floating-mark or line. (b) To be brought to a standstill; to be dead beaten; to be ruined or overwhelmed. Dickens. [Colloq.] (c) To be intoxicated. [Slang.] Sew (so), v.i. To practise sewing; to join things with stitches. Or teach the orphan girl to sew.' Tennyson. Sewt (su), v.t. [Ŏ. Fr. essuer, Fr. essuyer, now to wipe dry, but originally to draw off moisture or water; from L. exsucare, to extract the juice-L. ex, out, and sucus, succus, juice; hence, sewer, sewage. ] To let off the water from; to drain a pond for taking the fish. Sew (su), v. i. To ooze out. [Provincial.] Sew,tn. A viand; a kind of pottage. Gower. Sewage (sū'aj), n. [From sew, to drain, perhaps directly from sewer.] 1. The matter which passes through the drains, conduits, or sewers, leading away from human habitations singly, or from houses collected into villages, towns, and cities. It is made up of excreted matter, solid and liquid, the water necessary to carry such away, and the waste water of domestic operations, together with the liquid waste products of manufacturing operations, and generally much of the surface drainage water of the area in which the conveying sewers are situated.-2. A systematic arrangement of sewers, drains, &c., in a city, town, &c.; the general drainage of a city, &c., by sewers; sewerage (which see). In Sewel (su'el), n. [Probably for shewell or showell, from shew, show.] In hunting, a scarecrow, generally made of feathers, hung up to prevent deer from entering a place. Sewer (su'ér), n. [From sew, to drain; O. Fr. essuier, essuyer, a drain, a conduit.] A subterranean channel or canal formed in cities, towns, and other places to carry off superfluous water, soil, and other matters. England, Courts of Commissioners of Sewers are temporary tribunals with authority over all defences, whether natural or artificial, situate by the coasts of the sea, all rivers, water-courses, &c., either navigable or entered by the tide, or which directly or indirectly communicate with such rivers. Sewer † (su'ér), n. [From sew, to follow, to bring on and remove meats at table; 0. Fr. sewer, squire.] An officer who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes, and who also provides water for the hands of the guests. Clap me a clean towel about you, like a sewer. and bareheaded march afore it with a good confidence. B. Jonson. Sewer (so'er), n. One who sews or uses the needle. Sewerage (su'ér-āj), n. 1. The system of sewers or subterranean conduits for receiving and carrying off the superfluous water and filth of a city; as, the sewerage of the city of London. See SEWER. 2. The matter carried off by sewers. Called also Sewage.-Sewerage is generally applied to the system of sewers, and Sewage to the matter carried off. SEWIN Sewin, Sewen (sü'in, sû'en), n. A fish which has often been regarded as a variety of the salmon trout, salmon peal, or bull trout, but is regarded by Couch as a distinct species, the silver salmon (Salmo cambricus). Sewing (so'ing), n. 1. The act or occupation of sewing or using the needle.-2. That which is sewed by the needle.-3. pl. Compound threads of silk wound, cleaned, doubled, and thrown, to be used for sewing. Sewing-machine (sõ'ing-ma-shen), n. A machine for sewing or stitching cloth, &c., now in extensive use,and largely superseding sewing by hand. Sewing-machines are of several classes; as, (a) those in which the needle is passed completely through the work, as in hand-sewing; (b) those making a chainstitch, which is wrought by the crotchet hook, or by an eye-pointed needle and auxiliary hook; (c) those making a fair stitch on one side, the upper thread being interwoven by another thread below; (d) those making the lock-stitch, the same on both sides. The modifications, improvements, and additions made to the sewing-machine since its introduction are very numerous. It has now been adapted to produce almost all kinds of stitching which can be done by the hand. Sewing-needle (sõ'ing-nē-dl), n. A needle used in sewing. Sewster t (so'ster), n. A woman that sews; a seamstress. B. Jonson. Sex (seks), n. [Fr. sexe, from L. sexus (for sectus), a sex, from seco, to cut, to separate.] 1. The distinction between male and female, or that property or character by which an animal is male or female. Sexual distinctions are derived from the presence and development of the characteristic generative organs-testis and ovary-of the male and female respectively.-2. One of the two divisions of animals formed on the distinction of male and female. Which two great sexes animate the world.' Milton.-3. In bot, the structure of plants which corresponds to sex in animals, as staminate or pistillate; also, one of the groups founded on this distinction. See SEXUAL-4. By way of emphasis, womankind; females: generally preceded by the definite article the. Unhappy sex! whose beauty is your snare. Dryden. Shame is hard to be overcome; but if the sex once get the better of it, it gives them afterwards no more trouble. Garth. Sex (seks) A Latin prefix signifying six. Sexagecuple (sek-saj'e-ku-pl), a. Proceeding by sixties; as, a sexagecuple ratio. Pop. Ency. Sexagenarian (seks'a-je-na"ri-an), n. [See below ] A person aged sixty or between sixty and seventy. Sexagenarian (seks'a-je-na'ri-an), a. Sixty years old; sexagenary. I count it strange, and hard to understand, That nearly all young poets should write old; That Pope was sexagenarian at sixteen, And beardless Byron academical. E. B. Browning. Sexagenary (sek-saj'en-a-ri), a. [L. sexagenarius, from sexaginta sixty, from sex, six.] Pertaining to the number sixty; composed of or proceeding by sixties.-Sexagenary arithmetic, that which proceeds according to the number sixty. See SEXAGESIMAL. Sexagenary (sek-saj'en-a-ri), n. 1. A sexagenarian. The lad can be as dowff as a sexagenary like myself. Sir W. Scott. 2 A thing composed of sixty parts or containing sixty. Sexagesima (seks-a-jes'i-ma), n. [L. sexagerimus, sixtieth.] The second Sunday before Lent, so called as being about the sixtieth day before Easter. Sexagesimal (seks-a-jes'i-mal), n. A sexagesimal fraction. See under SEXAGESIMAL.a. Sexagesimal (seks-a-jes'i-mal), a. Sixtieth; pertaining to the number sixty.-Sexagesimal or sexagenary arithmetic, a method of computation by sixties, as that which is used in dividing minutes into seconds.Sexagesimal fractions, or sexagesimals, fractions whose denominators proceed in the ratio of sixty; as, 6. The denominator is sixty or its multiple. These fractions are called also astronomical fractions, because formerly there were no others used in astronomical calculations. They are still retained in the division of the circle, and of time, where the degree or hour is divided into sixty minutes, the minutes into sixty seconds, and so on. Sexanary (seks'a-na-ri), a. Consisting of sx or sixes; sixfold. [Rare.] 47 Sexangle (seks'ang-gl), n. In geom, a figure having six angles, and, consequently, six sides; a hexagon. Sexangled, Sexangular (seks'ang-gld, seksang'gu-lér), a. Having six angles; hexagonal. Sexangularly (seks-ang'gũ -lêr-li), adv. With six angles; hexagonally. Sexdecimal (seks-des'i-mal), a. [L. sex, six, and decem, ten.] In crystal. having sixteen faces: applied to a crystal when the prism or middle part has six faces, and the two summits taken together ten faces, or the reverse. Sexdigitism (seks-dij'i-tizm), n. [L. sex, six, and digitus, a finger or toe.] The state of having six fingers on one hand or six toes on one foot. Sexdigitist (seks-dij'i-tist), n. One who has six fingers on one hand or six toes on one foot. In Sexduodecimal (seks'du-ō-des"i-mal), a. [L. sex, six, and duodecim, twelve.] crystal. having eighteen faces: applied to a crystal when the prism or middle part has six faces, and two summits together twelve faces. Sexed (sekst), a. Having sex: used in composition. 'Gentle sexed.' Beau. & Fl. Sexenary (seks'e-na-ri), a. Proceeding by sixes: applied specifically to an arithmetical system whose base is six. Sexennial (sek-sen'ni-al), a. [L. sex, six, and annus, year.] Lasting six years, or happening once in six years. Sexennially (sek-sen'ni-al-li), adv. Once in six years. Sexfid, Sexifid (seks'fid, seks'i-fid), a. [L. sex, six, and findo, fidi, to divide.] In bot. six-cleft; as, a sexfid calyx or nectary. Sexfoil (seks'foil), n. [L. sex, six, and folium, a leaf.] A plant or flower with six leaves. Sexhindman (seks-hind'man), n. In early Eng. hist. one of the middle thanes, who were valued at 6008. Sexillion (sek-sil'li-on), n. Sextillion. Sexisyllable (seks'i-sil-la-bl), n. [L. sex, six, and E. syllable.] A word having six sylla bles. Sexivalent (sek-siv'a-lent), a. In chem, having an equivalence of six; capable of combining with or becoming exchanged for six hydrogen atoms. Sexless (seks'les), a. Having no sex; destitute of the characteristics of sex. Shelley. Sexlocular (seks-lok'ü-lêr), a. [L. sex, six, and loculus, a cell.] In bot. six-celled; having six cells for seeds; as, a sexlocular pericarp. Sexly (seks'li), a. Belonging to a charac teristic of sex; sexual. Should I ascribe any of these things to my sexly weaknesses I were not worthy to live." Queen Elizabeth. Sext, Sexte (sekst, seks'ti), n. [L. sextus, sixth.] In the R. Cath. Ch. one of the canonical hours of prayer, usually recited at noon; the sixth hour of the day. Sextain (seks'tan), n. [From L. sex, six.] A stanza of six lines. Sextans (seks'tanz), n. [L.] 1. In Rom. antiq. a coin, the sixth part of an as.-2. In astron, the sextant. Sextant (seks'tant), n. [L. sextans, sextantis, a sixth part.] 1. In math. the sixth part of a circle. Hence-2. An improved form of quadrant, capable of measuring angles of 120°. It consists of a frame of metal, ebony, &c., stiffened by cross-braces, and having an arc embracing 60° of a circle. It has two mirrors, one of which is fixed to a movable index, and various other appendages. It is capable of very general application, but it is chiefly employed as a nautical instrument for measuring the altitudes of celestial objects, and their apparent angular distances. The principle of the sextant, and of reflecting instruments in general, depends upon an elementary theorem in optics, viz. if an object be seen by repeated reflection from two mirrors which are perpendicular to the same plane, the angular distance of the object from its image is double the inclination of the mirrors. The annexed figure shows the usual construction of the sextant. QP is the graduated arc, BI the movable index, B mirror fixed to the index, A mirror (half-silvered, half-transparent) fixed to the arm, GG' coloured glasses, that may be interposed to the sun's rays. To find the angle between two stars hold the instrument so that the one is seen directly through telescope T and the unsilvered portion of the mirror, and angle required; half degrees being marked as degrees, because what is measured by the index is the angle between the mirrors and this is half that between the objects. -Box sextant, a surveyor's instrument for measuring angles, and for filling in the details of a survey, when the theodolite is used for the long lines, and laying out the larger triangles. 3. In astron. a constellation situated across the equator and south of the ecliptic. Sextary (seks'ta-ri), n. [L. sextarius, from sextus, sixth, from sex, six.] An ancient Roman dry and liquid measure containing about a pint. Sextary (seks'ta-ri), n. The same as Sacristy. Sextary land, land given to a church or religious house for maintenance of a sexton or sacristan. Also written Sextery. Sextet, Sextetto (seks'tet, seks-tet'to), n. Same as Sestet. Sextile (seks'til), a. [L. sextus, sixth, from sex, six.] Denoting the aspect or position of two planets when distant from each other 60 degrees or two signs. This position is marked thus The moon receives the dusky light we discern in its sextile aspect from the earth's benignity. Glanville. Used also as a noun. Sextillion (seks-til'li-on), n. [From L. sex, six, and E. million.] According to English notation, a million raised to the sixth power; a number represented by a unit with thirtysix ciphers annexed; according to French notation, by a unit with twenty-one ciphers annexed. Spelled also Sexillion. Sexto (seks'to), n. pl. Sextos (seks'tōz). [L.] A book formed by folding each sheet into six leaves. Sexto-decimo (seks-to-des'i-mõ), n. [L. sextus decimus, sixteenth-sextus, sixth, and decimus, tenth.] A book, pamphlet, or the like, folded so that each sheet makes sixteen leaves; the size of the book thus folded. Usually indicated thus, 16mo, 16". Used also adjectively. Called also Sixteenmo. Sexton (seks'ton), n. [Contr. from sacristan (which see)] An under officer of the church, whose business, in ancient times, was to take care of the vessels, vestments, &c., belonging to the church. The greater simplicity of Protestant ceremonies has rendered this duty one of small importance, and in the Church of England the sexton's duties now consist in taking care of the church generally, to which is added the duty of digging and filling up graves in the churchyard. The sexton may be at the same time the parish clerk. Sextonryt (seks'ton-ri), n. Berners. Sextonship (seks'ton-ship), n. The office of a sexton. Sextonship. Sextry (seks'tri), n. Same as Sacristy. Sextuple (seks'tu-pl), a. [L.L. sextuplus, from L. sex, six.] 1. Sixfold; six times as much.-2. In music, applied to music divided into bars containing six equal notes or their equivalents, generally considered a sort of compound common time. Sextuplet (seks'tū-plet), n. In music, a double triplet, six notes to be performed in the time of four. Sexual (seks'ū-al),a. [L. sexualis (Fr. sexuel), from sexus, sex.] Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distinguishing the sex; denoting what is peculiar to the distinction and office of male and female; pertaining to the genital organs; as, sexual characteristics; sexual diseases; sexual intercourse, connection, or commerce.-Sexual system, in bot. a system of classification; the method founded on the distinction of sexes in plants, as male and SEXUALIST female. Called also Artificial System, Linnæan System. See LINNEAN. Sexualist (seks'u-al-ist), n. One who believes and maintains the doctrine of sexes in plants; or one who classifies plants by the sexual system. Sexuality (seks-u-al'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being distinguished by sex. Sexualize (seks'u-al-iz), v.t. To give sex to; to distinguish into sexes. 'Sexualizing, as it were, all objects of thought.' Whitney. Sexually (seks'u-al-li), adv. In a sexual manner or relation. Sey (sy), n. [Fr. saye.] A sort of woollen cloth; say. [Scotch.] Sey (si), n. The opening in a garment through which the arm passes; the seam in a coat or gown which runs under the arm. [Scotch.] Sey (sy), v.t. [L. G. sijen, A. Sax. sihan, seon, to strain; fcel. sia, to filter.] To strain, as milk. [Scotch.] Seye,t pret of see. Saw. Chaucer. 'Sfoot (sfut), interj. An imprecation abbreviated from God's foot. 'Sfoot, I'll learn to conjure and raise devils. Shak. Sforzando, Sforzato (sfor-tsan'do, sfor-tsä'to). [It., forcing, forced.] In music, a term written over a note or notes to signify that they are to be emphasized more strongly than they would otherwise be in the course of the rhythm. Generally contracted &f. Sfregazzi (sfra-gat'si), n. [It. sfreggare, to rub-L. ex, and frico, to rub.] In painting. a mode of glazing adopted by Titian and other old masters for soft shadows of flesh, &c., and which consisted in dipping the finger in the colour and drawing it once along the surface to be painted with an even movement. Fairholt Sfumato (sfu-mä'to), a. [It., smoky.] In painting, a term applied to that style of painting wherein the tints are so blended that the outline is scarcely perceptible, the whole presenting an indistinct misty ap pearance. Sgraffitto (sgraf-fe'to), a. [It., scratched.] Applied to a species of painting in which the ground is prepared with dark stucco, on which a white coat is applied; this is afterwards chipped away, so as to form the design from the dark ground underneath. Shabt (shab), v.i. [See SHABBY.] To play mean tricks; to retreat or skulk away meanly or clandestinely. [Old cant.] Shab (shab), v.t. [See SHABBY.] To rub or scratch, as a dog or cat scratching itself. Shab (shab), n. [See SHABBY.] A disease incident to sheep; a kind of itch which makes the wool fall off; scab. Shabbed + (shab'ed), a. Mean; shabby. They mostly had short hair, and went in a shabbed condition, and looked rather like prentices. A. Wood, Shabbily (shab'i-li), adv. In a shabby manner; as, (a) with threadbare or worn clothes; as, to be clothed shabbily. (b) Meanly; in a despicable manner. Shabbiness (shab'i-nes), n. The quality of being shabby; the state of being threadbare or much worn; meanness; paltriness. Shabble (shabl), n. (A form of sabre, D. sabel, G. sabel, a sabre.] A crooked sword or hanger; a cutlass. (Scotch.] Shabby (shab'i), a. [A softened form of scabby; Prov. E. shabby, itchy, mangy, from shab, itch; A. Sax. sceab, a scab, sceabig, scabby, mangy. See SCAB.] 1. Ragged; threadbare; torn or worn. The necessity of wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts.' Macaulay2. Clothed with threadbare or much-worn garments. The dean was so shabby.' Swift. 3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as, a shabby fellow; shabby treatment. You're shabby fellows-true-but poets still, And duly seated on the immortal hill. Byron. Shabrack (shab'rak), n. [G. schabracke, Fr. chabraque, Hung. esabrág, Turk. tshaprak.] The cloth furniture of a cavalry officer's charger. Shack (shak), n. [In meanings 1 and 2 from shake; in 3 more probably a form of shag.] 1. Grain shaken from the ripe ear, eaten by hogs, &c., after harvest. [Provincial English.1-2. Beech, oak, &c., mast for swine's food. [Provincial English.]-3. A liberty of winter pasturage.-Common of shack, the right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same common field, to turn out their cattle after harvest to feed promiscuously in that field.-4. A shiftless fellow; a sturdy beggar; a vagabond. [Provincial English.] 48 Shack (shak), v. i. [Prov. E. and Sc., to shake. See above.] 1. To be shed or fall, as corn at harvest.-2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of the field.-3. To rove about, as a stroller or beggar. [A provincial word.] Shackatory + (shak'a-to-ri), n. [For shake a Tory] An Irish hound. Dekker. Shack-bolt (shak'bōlt), n. In her. a fetter such as might be put on the wrists or ankles of prisoners. Shackle (shak'l), n. [Generally used in the plural.] [A. Sax. scacul, sceacul, a shackle, from scacan, sceacan, to shake; D. schakel, a link of a chain. It probably meant originally a loose, dangling fastening.] 1. A fetter, gyve, handcuff, or something else that confines the limbs so as to restrain the use of them or prevent free motion. Bolts and shackles. Shak.-2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action. The shackles of an old love straiten'd him. It is when Milton escapes from the shackles of the dialogue, when he is discharged from the labour of uniting two incongruous styles, when he is at liberty to indulge his choral raptures without reserve, that he rises even above himself. Macaulay. 3. Naut. (a) a link in a chain-cable fitted with a movable bolt, so that the chain can be separated. (b) A ring on the port through which the port-bar is passed to close the port-hole effectually.-4. A link for coupling railway-carriages, &c. [American.]-5.† A fetter-like band or chain worn on the legs or arms for ornament. He told me... that they had all ear-rings made of gold and gold-shackles about their legs and arms. Dampier 6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock by which it is hung to the staple. Shackle (shak'l), v.t. pret. & pp. shackled; ppr. shackling. 1. To chain; to fetter; to tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion. To lead him shackled and exposed to scorn 2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embarrass action. You must not shackle him with rules about indifferent matters. Locke. 3. To join by a link or chain, as railway-carriages. [American. } Shackle (shak'l), n. [See SHACK, n.] Stubble. [Provincial English.] Shackle-bar (shack'l-bär), n. States name for the coupling a railway carriage. Shackle-bolt (shak'l-bolt), n. gyve; a shack-bolt. The United bar or link of A shackle; a 'What device does he bear on his shield?' asked Ivanhoe. Something resembling a bar of iron, and a padlock painted blue on the black shield.'-'A fetterlock and shackle-bolt azure,' said Ivanhoe; I know not who may bear the device, but well I ween it might now be mine own." Sir IV. Scott. Shackle-bone (shak'l-bon), n. [Lit. the bone on which shackles are put; L. G. shakebein.] The wrist. [Scotch.] Shacklockt (shak'lok), n. A shackle-bolt; a sort of shackle. W. Browne. Shackly (shak'l-i), a. Shaky; ricketty. [United States.] Shad (shad), n. sing. and pl. [Prov. G. schade, a shad; comp. Arm. sgadan, W. ysga dan, a herring.] A teleostean fish of the genus Alosa, family Clupeidae, which inhabits the sea near the mouths of large rivers, and in the spring ascends them to deposit its spawn. It attains a length of 3 feet, and is distinguished by the absence of sensible teeth, and by an irregular spot behind the gills. Two species of shad are found off the British coast, the Twaite (A. vulgaris) and the Allice shad (A. finta), but their flesh is dry and not much esteemed here. In the United States a species of shad, plentiful in the Hudson, Delaware, Chesapeake, and St. Lawrence, is much esteemed and is consumed in great quantities in the fresh state. Shad-bush (shad 'bush), n. A name of a shrub or small tree common in the Northern United States (Amelanchier canadensis), so called from its flowering in April and May when the shad ascend the rivers. The fruit is edible and ripens in June, whence the name June-berry. Called also Service-berry. Shaddock (shad'dok), n. [After Captain Shaddock, who first brought it to the West Indies, early in the eighteenth century.] A tree and its fruit, which is a large species of orange, the produce of the Citrus decumana, a native of China and Japan. The fruit weighs sometimes from 10 to 20 lbs., is Shaddock Tree (Citrus decumana). Shade (shad), n. [A. Sax. sceadu, shade, shadow. See SHADOW.] 1. A comparative obscurity caused by the interception, cutting off, or interruption of the rays of light; dimness or gloom caused by interception of light. Shade differs from shadow, as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. Hence, when we say, let us resort to the shade of a tree, we have no thought of form or size, as of course we have when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow. The fainty knights were scorched, and knew not where To run for shelter, for no shade was near. Dryden. 2. Darkness; obscurity. In this sense used often in the plural. Solemn shades of endless night. Shak. The shades of night were falling fast. Longfellow. 3. A shaded or obscure place; a place sheltered from the sun's rays, as a grove or close wood; hence, a secluded retreat. Let us seek out some desolate skade, and there 4. A screen; something that intercepts light, heat, dust, &c.; as, (a) a coloured glass in a sextant or other optical instrument for solar observations. (b) A hollow conic frustum of paper or metal surrounding the flame of a lamp, in order to confine the light within a given area. (c) A hollow globe of ground glass or other translucent material, used for diffusing the light of a lamp, gas jet, &c. (d) A hollow cylinder perforated with holes, used to cover a nightlight. She had brought, a rushlight and shade, which, with praiseworthy precaution against fire, she had Dickens. stationed in a basin on the floor. (e) A hollow glass covering for protecting ornaments, &c., from dust. 'Spar figures under glass shades.' Mayhew. A device for protecting the eyes from the direct rays of the sun or artificial light.-5. Protection; shelter; cover.-6. In painting, the dark part of a picture; deficiency or absence of illumination. 'Tis every painter's art to hide from sight, 7. Degree or gradation of light. White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees or shades and mixtures, as green, come only in by the eyes. Locke. 8. A small or scarcely perceptible degree or amount; as, coffee is a shade lower. Slender shade of doubt.' Tennyson.-9. A shadow. Since every one hath, every one, one shade.' Shak. [Poetical.] Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope. 10. The soul, after its separation from the body: so called because the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the sight, not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades of departed heroes. Swift as thought the flitting shade |