currency, the criticism of our bond-secured bank notes, and the judgment of our independent treasury. The author is much impressed with the "bigness" of everything American, and his evident desire to do full justice to the large scale on which American financial operations are carried on leads him into frequent exaggerations, both of our virtues and of our failings. In the main the author is inclined to judge American institutions very favorably; too favorably, at times, as in his treatment of the greenbacks. But he sees danger ahead in our inflated credit system, our tendency to reckless speculation, the enormous power which concentration of wealth has put into irresponsible and unscrupulous hands, and the wasteful way in which we are exhausting our natural resources.

Factory Legislation in Pennsylvania: Its History and Administration. By J. Lynn Barnard. Publications of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Co., 1907-pp. xi, 178. Labor legislation in the United States being in the hands of the State governments, the experiences of the more important industrial States must be studied independently before we can have a complete history of American factory legislation. This work is being carried on to-day with considerable energy, stimulated by the assistance of the Carnegie Institute. Already the histories of the factory or labor laws of the important States of Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut have appeared, and others are likely to follow soon. Something more than half of the present work (pp. 1-105) is devoted to a history of the enactment of the factory laws of Pennsylvania, beginning with the first ineffectual attempt in 1824. The most interesting part of the book is Part II (pp. 107-163), which contains a critical analysis of the present law with a discussion of administration and results. Though great progress has been made, Pennsylvania is still far behind the standard set by Massachusetts and New York, as regards both the legislation and its administration. The evil effects of carelessly-drawn statutes and political administration are clearly shown.

The Declaration of Independence: its History. By John H. Hazelton. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1906 pp. xii, 629. Seldom has there appeared a more painstaking and laborious monograph in American history. The evidence of documents and of other sources such as diaries, letters, manuscripts, is quite too abundant to make this volume either easy or attractive reading.

The author is bent on looking at the very minutiae of evidence in the eyes of his reader. He writes like an annalist from year to year, and seldom allows himself the level of a generalization. The book is a storehouse of historic material. It should help settle many a small question of fact regarding the Declaration. As a whole it is unreadable. Most people resent being taken into a workshop, and the author's workshop is apparent on every page. The text of 292 pages is supplemented by an appendix, pp. 295-359. Here there is a really useful comparison of seven drafts of the Declaration, beginning with the parchment copy in the Department of State. "Notes to Text" occupy pp. 363-588. These are followed by "Notes to Appendix," pp. 591-603, and by a "Key" needed to explain the elaborate method of reference. There is an index.

La Crise Viticole et la Viticulture Méridionale (1900-1907). By Frédéric Atger. Paris: V. Giard et E. Brière, 1907, 2 fr.-pp. 131, 7 graphic charts. Students who are interested in the crisis of the wine industry of southern France will find a useful summary of the situation in this little book, which is one of the series "Etudes économiques et sociales publiées avec le concours du Collège libre des Sciences sociales." The author examines the economic and technical factors in the crisis, and criticises the remedies proposed. He supplies excellent charts, such as those bound up with Levasseur's L'Agriculture aux Etats Unis, to illustrate conditions, and appends a bibliography of two pages.

Forming

Recent British Legislation affecting Workingmen. Part II of the Annual Report for 1907 of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1907-pp. 202. This report was prepared for the assistance of the Massachusetts legislature in connection with certain proposed labor legislation. It contains the text of the Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Disputes and Combinations presented January 15, 1906; a chronological survey of legislation affecting the legal status of trade unions (1824-1906) with the text of the principal acts; and the text of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1906. Its value consists in making this material somewhat more available for American readers.

Die Geldverfassung und das Notenbankwesen der Vereinigten Staaten. Von Adolf Hasenkamp. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1907

pp. 213. American money and banking offer a most attractive field to the investigator, a field which has of late been commanding no little attention from European writers. The present work will probably offer little to American readers which may not be more easily obtained from American books. The author is familiar with the recognized sources of American financial history, and his work has been carefully and thoroughly done.

Contrasts in Social Progress. By E. P. Tenney. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1907-pp. xvi, 415. This book is another attempt to harmonize evolution and religion. "In the divine creative work the several parts appear to be so correlated that the method of evolution, which unquestionably availed in the physical development of man, seems to be the law observed in man's moral evolution and in God's spiritual kingdom on earth." The series of "contrasts"—in civic condition, home-building, education, literature, moral thought, altruistic service, "self-extending altruistic power," etc., is calculated to bear out the above principle. A great deal of study has been put into this volume and there is much matter in the contrasts. A number of authorities have given their attention to the work, which includes not a few notes by Professor Hopkins of Yale, and others. The standpoint is decidedly anthropocentric, and there is an irritating echo of pulpit oratory in the many interrogative sentences. Except for its collection of facts the book is of little value to the social scientist.

Alcohol-the Sanction for its Use. Translated from the German of Dr. J. Starke. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907-pp. xx, 317. The purpose of this book is twofold: (1) to revise the commonly accepted views regarding the use of alcohol, (2) to set forth the effects of its moderate use on the basis of modern scientific facts, especially those of physiology. The author claims that his investigations were colored neither by a weakness for alcohol nor by a prejudice against it. The results of his study convinced the writer that "There is nothing in medical experience which speaks against the moderate use of good alcoholic drinks by the public, but much that speaks in favor of it."

The Good Neighbor in the Modern City. By Mary E. Richmond. Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1907-pp. ix, 152. In this little book the author's endeavor is to point out the

duty of the individual to those with whom he comes or should come in contact. In the village community this was a fairly simple matter, since mutual acquaintance was quite general throughout the town. But with the growth of the great city, society has become stratified, and the average individual is brought into contact with but few who are not on the same social level with himself. Rapid transit and the telephone have been responsible for much of this separation. To emphasize the fact that neighborhood means something more than nearness, the duty to the child, the worker, the tenant, the vagrant and the sick is made clear. Everyone who makes a purchase influences the lives of those who make or distribute the wares. The consumer should not shrink from these responsibilities. The landlord who empowers an agent to collect rent on property which he, as owner, has never seen, is surely not a good neighbor to his tenants. In the administration of relief the plea is made for a return to the earlier and more satisfactory method of village helpfulness. This is to be gained by the district committee which shall become intimate with the needs of a comparatively small section of the city. A chapter which should prove its usefulness is the one devoted to the contributor. In this are outlined the rules which should govern the contributions made to charity by the busy man of means. Much foolish and injurious giving could be avoided by a careful reading of this portion and following the advice. The dangers which may attend perpetual endowments are clearly stated. That the book is not intended to be read and then tucked away in a library but to be kept for ready reference is evident from the vacant leaves at the end reserved for the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies which will be most needed in neighborly work. As a distinct contribution to knowledge the book will not take rank, but as a safe guide and inspiration to the kindly impulses of the individual it will find its place, and this seems to be the purpose for which it was written.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

ANDRESEN, N. P. The Republic. Chicago, Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1908. Asociacion Financiera Internacional. Boletin, Octubre, Noviembre, 1907. Mexico, D. F., 1907.

BARNETT, GEO. E., Editor. A Trial Bibliography of American Trade Union Publications. Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1907.

BISHOP, AVARD LONGLEY. The State Works of Pennsylvania. Publications of Yale University. New Haven, The Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press, 1907.

BOGART, ERNEST LUDLOW. The Economic History. of the United States. New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1907.

BRANDT, LILIAN. The Charity Organization Society of the City of New York, 1882-1907. History-Account of Present Activities. New York, 1907.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Second Annual Report of President and Treasurer. New York, October, 1907. Central Bureau voor Sociale Adveizen. Rapport over geschiedenis, inhoud en werking van bepalingen betreffende minimum-loon en maximumarbeids duur in bestekken voor bouwwerken. December, 1907.

Centro Industrial do Brasil. O Brasil, Suas requiezas naturals, Suas industrias. Vol. I. Introducção-Industria extractiva. Rio de Janeiro, M. Orosco & Co., 1907.

CLARK, JOHN BATES. Essentials of Economic Theory. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1907.

COLESCU, L. Progresele economice ale Românici indeplinite sub domnia M. S. Regelin Carol I, 1866-1906. Bucuresti, Instit. de Arte Grafice, 1907. COLSON, C. Cours d'Economie Politique, professé a l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées. Livre VI. Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1907. Commissione Parlamentare d'Inchiesta sulle Miniere della Sardegna. Relazione Preliminare sul Programma dei Lavori della Commissione. Roma, Tipografia Nazionale di G. Bertero e C., 1907.

Commissioner of Corporations. Report on the Petroleum Industry. Part II. Prices and Profits, August 5, 1907. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.

Commissioner of Corporations. Statement in Answer to the Allegations of the Standard Oil Company concerning its conviction at Chicago for accepting concessions on shipments over the Chicago & Alton Railroad. December 30, 1907. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907. Commissioner of Education. Report for the year ending June 30, 1906. Vol. I. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.

Department of Commerce and Labor. Inheritance-Tax Laws. December, 1907. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.

HOWARTH, EDWARD G., and MONA WILSON (compilers). West Ham, a Study in Social and Industrial Problems. London, J. M. Dent & Co., 1907. HOYT, WILLIAM HENRY. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907.